Codex Regius (New Testament)

From Textus Receptus

Ending of Mark

Codex Regius designated by siglum L^e or 019 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century.^[1] The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. The text of the codex was cited by Robert Estienne as η' in his Editio Regia which again (as with Codex D and Vaticanus) disproves the nonsensical claims of people like James White that compilers of the Textus Receptus did not know of and reject critical text readings.

Description

The codex contains 257 thick parchment leaves (23.5 cm by 17 cm), with an almost complete text of the four Gospels. The codex contains five lacunae (Matthew 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, 10:16-30, 15:2-20, 21:15-25).^[2]

The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large, not round uncial letters. It has breathings (Spiritus asper, Spiritus lenis), and accents often added wrongly.^[3] It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter phi is enormously large, the letter alpha presents the last stage of the uncial script.^[2]

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. It contains also the tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons at the margin. It contains lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading).^[3]

It is badly written by the scribe, who was more probably Egyptian than Greek, with a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek.

It has two endings to the Gospel of Mark (as in codices Ψ 099 0112 274^mg 579 Lectionary 1602),^[4] while John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.

Omissions

Matthew 12:47 omitted (as in codices Codex Sinaiticus, B, 1009, ℓ 12, ff¹, k, syr^c, syr^s, cop^sa). Mark 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; Luke 17:36, and John 5:4 are omitted. It contains Luke 22:43-44 (the agony) omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.

Matthew 20:23 και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with), as in codices Sinaiticus, B, D, Z, Θ, 085, f¹, f¹³, it, syr^{s, c}, cop^sa.^[5]

Luke 9:55b-56a — και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them) omitted as in codices Sinaiticus B C Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop^bo;^[6]

Luke 11:4 phrase αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (but deliver us from evil) omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁷⁵, Sinaiticus, B, f¹, 700, vg, syr^s, cop^{sa, bo}, arm geo.^[7]

John 12:13-14 (facsimile)

Additions

In Matthew 10:12 it reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω instead of αυτην. The reading is used by manuscripts: Sinaiticus*^,2, Bezae, Washingtonianus, Koridethi, f ¹ 1010 (1424), it vg^cl.^[8]
In Matt. 27:49 codex contains added text: ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα (the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood). This reading was derived from John 19:34 and occurs in other manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type (א, B, C, Γ, 1010, 1293, pc, vg^mss).^[9]
In John 20:31 it reads ζωην αιωνιον along with א C(*) D Ψ 0100 f¹³ it vg^mss syr^{p, h} cop^sa, cop^bo; majority reads ζωην;^[10]

Some readings

In Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμων for Αμως (א, B, C), the reading of the codex agrees with W, f¹³ and the Byzantine text.

Text

The Greek text of this codex is representative of the Alexandrian text-type in its late stadium.^[11] It contains a large number of Byzantine readings in the Gospel of Matthew (1:1–Matthew 17:17:26). Aland placed it in Category II, which means it has a number of non-Alexandrian readings.^[1] According to Wisse, who examined Luke 1; 10; 20, their text is a "core member" of the Alexandrian text.^[12]

It is considered by critical text proponents as the fourth-best manuscript of the Gospels, trailing only P⁷⁵, Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Sinaiticus. It is much closer to Vaticanus than to Sinaiticus.

In some cases it supports Sinaiticus and Vaticanus against almost all of the rest of manuscripts. In Matthew 23:38 the word ερημος (desert) is omitted like in B and ℓ 184. In Matthew 19:29 instead εκατονπλασιονα (hundredfold) it has πολλαπλασιονα (manifold) like in codices B and 1010.

In Matthew 19:16 it reads διδασκαλε (teacher) along with manuscripts: א, B, D, f¹, 892^txt, 1010, 1365, ℓ 5, it^{a, d, e, ff1}, cop^bo, eth, geo, Origen, Hilary;

In Luke 22:1 it reads ηγγισεν for εγγιζεν long with Codex Bezae.^[13]

In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (and opened the book) together with the manuscripts A, B, W, Ξ, 33, 892, 1195, 1241, ℓ 547, syr^{s, h, pal}, cop^{sa, bo}, against variant καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (and unrolled the book) supported by א, D^c, K, Δ, Θ, Π, Ψ, f¹, f¹³, 28, 565, 700, 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts.^[14]^[15]

In Luke 14:5 it reads ὄνος ἢ βοῦς for υἱὸς ἢ βοῦς; the reading of the codex is supported by א, K, L, X, Π, Ψ, f¹, f¹³, 33, 892, 1071,ℓ 547;^[]

It was in the 19th century remarked that there is strong resemblance to Codex Vaticanus, to the citations of Origen, and to the margin of the Harkleian Syriac.^[16]

History

It was probably written in Egypt.

The text of the codex was cited by Robert Estienne as η' in his Editio Regia. It was loosely collated by Wettstein. Griesbach set a very high value of the codex. It was edited in 1846 by Tischendorf (Monumenta sacra inedita), but with errors.^[2]

The codex is located now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 62), in Paris.^[1]^[17]

References

1. Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
2. Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. pp. 137–138.
3. Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 55.
4. Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, p. 77.
5. Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland and Kurt Aland (eds), Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1991), 56. [NA26]
6. NA26, p. 190.
7. The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. 256. [UBS3]
8. NA26, p. 24
9. Bruce M. Metzger (2001). "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament", Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, p. 59; NA26, p. 84; UBS3, p. 113.
10. NA26, p. 317.
11. Carlo Maria Martini, La Parola di Dio Alle Origini della Chiesa, (Rome: Bibl. Inst. Pr. 1980), p. 285.
12. Frederik Wisse, The profile method for the classification and evaluation of manuscript evidence, William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1982, p. 52.
13. NA26, p. 232
14. Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114.
15. NA26, p. 164.
16. UBS3, p. 273.
17. "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

External links

Codex Regius L (019): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism

The King James Version 2023 Edition New Testament is now complete and in print format here.

Internal Links

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