Mark 5:1

From Textus Receptus

New Testament Mark 5

Mark 5:1 Mark 5:2 Mark 5:3 Mark 5:4 Mark 5:5 Mark 5:6 Mark 5:7 Mark 5:8 Mark 5:9 Mark 5:10 Mark 5:11 Mark 5:12 Mark 5:13 Mark 5:14 Mark 5:15 Mark 5:16 Mark 5:17 Mark 5:18 Mark 5:19 Mark 5:20 Mark 5:21 Mark 5:22 Mark 5:23 Mark 5:24 Mark 5:25 Mark 5:26 Mark 5:27 Mark 5:28 Mark 5:29 Mark 5:30 Mark 5:31 Mark 5:32 Mark 5:33 Mark 5:34 Mark 5:35 Mark 5:36 Mark 5:37 Mark 5:38 Mark 5:39 Mark 5:40 Mark 5:41 Mark 5:42 Mark 5:43

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• ΚΑΤΑ ΜΑΡΚΟΝ 5:1 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν.

(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

• Mark 5:1 And they came over unto the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gadarenes.

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

• Mark 5:1 Then they came over to the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gadarenes.

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Contents 1 Interlinear 2 Commentary 2.1 Gavin McGrath 3 Greek 3.1 Textus Receptus 3.2 Desiderius Erasmus 3.3 Colinæus 3.4 Stephanus (Robert Estienne) 3.5 Theodore Beza 3.6 Elzevir 3.7 Scholz 3.8 Scrivener 3.9 Other Greek 4 Anglo Saxon Translations 5 English Translations 6 Foreign Language Versions 6.1 Afrikaans 6.2 Akan 6.3 Albabian 6.4 Amuzgo de Guerrero 6.5 Armenian 6.6 Arabic 6.7 Aramaic/Syriac 6.8 Basque 6.9 Bulgarian 6.10 Cherokee 6.11 Chinese 6.12 Croatian 6.13 Czech 6.14 Danish 6.15 Dutch 6.16 Esperanto 6.17 Finnish 6.18 French 6.19 German 6.20 Greek 6.21 Hungarian 6.22 Indonesian 6.23 Italian 6.24 Japanese 6.25 Kabyle 6.26 Khmer 6.27 Latin 6.28 Latvian 6.29 Maori 6.30 Norwegian 6.31 Pidgin 6.32 Portugese 6.33 Potawatomi 6.34 Romainian 6.35 Russian 6.36 Sanskrit 6.37 Shur 6.38 Spanish 6.39 Swahili 6.40 Swedish 6.41 Tagalog 6.42 Thai 6.43 Turkish 6.44 Ukrainian 6.45 Urdu 6.46 Vietnamese 6.47 Welsh 7 See Also 8 External Links

Interlinear

Commentary

Gavin McGrath

Principal Textual Discussion at Mark 5:1 {with rating A}. Inside the closed class of Greek and Latin NT sources the TR’s Greek, “Gadarenon (Gadarenes)” in the wider words spoken of our Lord and his disciples, “And they came over into the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gadarenes” (AV), is Majority Byzantine Text e.g., Codices A 02 (5th century, Byzantine in Gospels, Matt. 25:6b-28:20, Mark, Luke, John 1:1-6:50a; 8:52b-21:25), Sigma 042 (late 5th / 6th century), E 07 (8th century), M 021 (9th century), Pi 041 (9th century), S 028 (10th century); and Minuscules 1006 (11th century, Byzantine other than in Revelation), 1505 (11th century, Byzantine in the Gospels), 2 (12th century), 180 (12th century, Byzantine other than in Acts), 1010 (12th century), 597 (13th century), and 1242 (13th century); and Lectionaries 514 (10th century, Messina, Italy), 1552 (985 A.D., National Library, St. Petersburg, Russia), 292 (11th century, Carpentras, France), 813 (1069 A.D., St. John’s Greek Orthodox Monastery, Isle of Patmos, Greece), 68 (12th century, National Library, Paris, France), 76 (12th century, National Library, Paris, France), 1223 (13th century, Athens, Greece), 313 (14th century, Michigan University, USA), and 1761 (15th century, St. Catherine’s Greek Orthodox Monastery, Mount Sinai, Arabia). It is further supported in multiple manuscripts according to the ancient church Greek writer, Origen (d. 254).

And there is no good textual argument against the Majority Byzantine Text reading. (Compare the genitive adjective use for “ton Gadarenon” / “of the Gadarenes” at Mark 5:1, with the genitive noun use for “tes Galilaias” / “of Galilee” at e.g., Mark 1:9, or at Mark 1:28.)

Variant 1 reading Greek, “Gergesenon (Gergesenes),” is found in Codex U 030 (9th century). It is also found in the ancient church Greek writers, Origen (d. 254) and Hesychius of Jerusalem (d. after 450); and also the mediaeval church Greek writer, Theophylact of Ochrida (d. 1109).

Variant 2 reading Greek, “Gergesthan (Gergesthanes),” is found in the ancient church Greek writer, Epiphanius (d. 403).

Variant 3 reading Greek, “Gerasenon (Gerasenes),” is found in multiple manuscripts according to the ancient church Greek writer, Origen (d. 254); and also found in the ancient church Greek writer, Eusebius (d. 339). It is further found as Latin, “Gerasenorum (Gerasenes)” in the Vulgate (5th century), and old Latin Versions a (4th century), e (4th / 5th century), b (5th century), d (5th century), ff2 (5th century), i (5th century), f (6th century), q (6th / 7th century), aur (7th century), l (7th / 8th century), and c (12th / 13th century); and the Book of Armagh (812 A.D.). It is also found in the ancient church Latin writers, Cyprian (d. 258) and Juvencus (d. 4th century). From the Latin support for this reading, it is manifested in the Clementine Vulgate (1592).

Was Variant 1 an accidental alteration? In a given Greek manuscript reading, “Gadarenon (Gadarenes),” did the “Gadar” come at the end of a line, and the “enon” at the start of the next line? Was the “adar” of “Gadar” then lost in either a paper fade or paper loss / damage? Was this then “reconstructed from context” as “erges” and thus “Gergesenon (Gergesenes),” with reference to the reading of “Gergesenon (Gergesenes)” at Matt. 8:28? Or was Variant 1 a deliberate alteration? Did an assimilationist scribe, not understanding the Biblical concept of shared border regions evident in the fact that “Sheba” and “Havilah” on The Table of Nations were on a joint a Hamite (Gen. 10:6,7) and Semite (Gen. 10:22,23,28) western strip along west-coast Arabia, thereby fail to understand that reference is made in the Synoptic Gospels to a shared border region of both “the Gergesenes” (Matt. 8:28) and “Gadarenes” (Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26)? Did this assimilationist scribe add to his ignorance also arrogance, as he wilfully set about to “correct” the infallible and unerring Word of God by wickedly altering “Gadarenon (Gadarenes)” at Mark 5:1 to “Gergesenon (Gergesenes)” which he took from Matt. 8:28?

Was Variant 2 an accidental alteration? In a manuscript erroneously following Variant 1 and thus reading Greek, “Gergesenon (Gergesenes),” was there a paper fade or loss of the “eno”? Was this then “reconstructed from context” by a scribe as Gergesthan (Gergesthanes),” due to either a slip of memory as he tried to remember the name of the place, or due to a localized dialect which so referred to this area, or as an erroneous identification of some other place? Or was Variant 2 a deliberate alteration? In a manuscript erroneously following Variant 1, did a “corrector scribe” alter this to Variant 2 either due to a localized dialect which so referred to this area, or as an erroneous identification of some other place?

Was Variant 3 an accidental alteration? In a given Greek manuscript reading, “Gadarenon (Gadarenes),” due to a paper fade or loss, did this come to look something like, “G a enon”? The “Decapolis” (Matt. 4:25; Mark 5:20; 7:31) or Greek, Dekapolis, is a compound word from Greek deka meaning “ten” and polis meaning “city,” and was a defence league of ten cities, namely, Gadara (“the Gadarenes” of Mark 5:1), Gerasa or Jerash, Scythopolis, Pella, Dion, Kanatha, Raphana, Philadelphia, Hippos, and Damascus. Christianity was established at Jerash in ancient times by the fourth century A.D., by the fifth century it was the main religion of Jerash, and by the seventh century there were some seven churches at Jerash; although Jerash was then subjected to the scourge of infidel Mohammedanism⁷⁵. The impressive ruins of Gerasa or Jerash in the north of modern day Jordan⁷⁶ are of continuing interest to those studying Biblical Archaeology⁷⁷. E.g., the holy Apostle St. Paul refers to how the Thessalonians had “turned to God from idols” (I Thess. 1:9), and an example of the pagan Roman world’s idolatry was discovered at Jerash in 2016 by French and German archaeologists working in cooperation with Jordan University, in what is thought to be “the biggest” idol ever unearthed of Aphrodite, a heathen “god of love” in the pagan Roman world⁷⁸. Was this Variant 3 “reconstructed from context” as “Gerasenon (Gerasenes)” by a scribe who illustrated the maxim, “A little knowledge is a dangerous thing,” because he knew that Gerasa or Jerash was a well known ancient city, and one of the 10 cities of the “Decapolis” referred to in Mark 5:20, but he did not know enough about the Decapolis to know that unlike the Decapolis city of Gadara, Gerasa was nowhere near “the sea” (Mark 5:1) of Galilee? Or was Variant 3 a deliberate alteration? Did an ignorant and impious scribe who knew that Gerasa or Jerash was one of the 10 cities of the “Decapolis” referred to in Mark 5:20, but who did not know that Gadara was also one of the 10 cities of the “Decapolis,” and indeed the one on “the other side of the sea” of Galilee (Mark 5:1), arrogantly take it upon himself to “correct” the infallible text of Holy Scripture by wickedly altering it from “Gadarenon (Gadarenes)” to “Gerasenon (Gerasenes)”? (Cf. commentary at Luke 8:26,37.)

Outside the closed class of NT Greek and Latin sources, at Mark 5:1 the correct reading of the TR, Greek, “Gadarenon (Gadarenes),” is found in (the mixed text type) Codex C 04 (5th century); Minuscule 157 (12th century, independent); and the Family 13 Manuscripts, which contain Minuscules 788 (11th century, independent text), 346 (12th century, independent), 543 (12th century, independent), 826 (12th century, independent), 828 (12th century, independent), 983 (12th century, independent), 13 (13th century, independent), et al. It is also found in the Syriac Diatessaron (derived from Ephraem’s commentary, d. 373); as well as the Syriac Pesitto Version (first half 5th century), and the main text of the Syriac Harclean Version (616).

Variant 1 reading Greek, “Gergesenon (Gergesenes),” is found in (the mixed text type) Codex L 019 (8th century), (the independent) Codex Delta 037 (9th century), and (the mixed text type) Codex Theta 038 (9th century); and Minuscules 33 (9th century, mixed text type), 565 (9th century, depending on one’s view, either independently corrupted, or “Caesarean” text), 892 (9th century, mixed text type), 1424 (9th / 10th century, mixed text type in Matthew and Luke, independent in Mark, Byzantine elsewhere), 28 (11th century, which in Mark is independent text i.e., independently corrupted, & Byzantine elsewhere), 700 (11th century, depending on one’s view, either independently corrupted, or “Caesarean” text), 1071 (12th century, independent), 1241 (12th century, independent in Gospels), and 579 (13th century, mixed text). It is further found in the Family 1 Manuscripts, which contain Minuscules 1 (12th century, independent text in the Gospels, Byzantine elsewhere), 1582 (12th century, independent Matt.-Jude), 209 (14th century, independent in the Gospels and Revelation, Byzantine elsewhere), et al. It is also found in the Egyptian Coptic Bohairic Version (3rd century); Syriac Sinaitic Version (3rd / 4th century); Armenian Version (5th century); Georgian Version (5th century); Ethiopic Versions (the Takla Haymanot, c. 500; Roman edition 1548-9; Pell Platt, based on the Roman edition of Rome 1548-9; & Dillmann, 18th / 19th centuries); and Slavic (Slavonic) Version (9th century).

Variant 2 reading Greek, “Gergesthan (Gergesthanes),” is found in Codex W 032 (5th century, which is Western Text in Mark 1:1-5:30); and the Syriac Harclean Version (616) as a marginal reading.

Variant 3 reading Greek, “Gerasenon (Gerasenes),” is found in the two leading Alexandrian text’s Codices Vaticanus (4th century) and Sinaiticus (4th century), the leading representative of the Western Text, Codex D 05 (5th century); and the Egyptian Coptic Sahidic Version (3rd century). As recorded in support of its Neo-Alexandrian School text in the NU Text of Nestle-Aland’s 27th edition (1993) and UBS’s 4th revised edition (1993), the erroneous Variant 3 is further found in the so called “Archaic Mark” Minuscule 2427 dated to “the 14th century.” The NU Text Committee said, “the Committee had difficulty in deciding which variant to place in the text” (UBS’s 4th revised edition, 1993). Given the low level of Greek manuscript support for Variant 3, possibly the so called “Archaic Mark” Minuscule 2427 was “the clincher” argument for at least some neo-Alexandrians either on the NU Text Committee or elsewhere. Was this one element in what the NU Committee meant when in selecting Variant 3, they farcically claimed that among other things, “a majority of the” NU Text “Committee preferred” Variant 3, “on the basis” of its alleged “superior external evidence” (Metzger’s Textual Commentary, 2nd ed., 1994, p. 72)? On the one hand we can understand the NU Text Committee’s elation at being able to cite their much coveted neo-Alexandrian “Archaic Mark” Minuscule 2427 in favour of the reading of “Gerasenon (Gerasenes)” here at Mark 5:1. But on the other hand, it must be remembered that Minuscule 2427 was later shown to be a forgery which was possibly made after 1874, but which could not have been made earlier than 1874. However knowledge of this came in 2006 to 2009 which was too late for so many of the neoAlexandrian translators to know about. The erroneous Variant 3 was adopted by the NU Text et al.

At Mark 5:1 the Majority Greek Text Burgonites of the NKJV gave a footnote reading saying that the “NU-Text reads ‘Gerasenes’.” The neo-Alexandrian translators adopted two solutions, both of which put this Variant 3 in their main text.

Solution 1: Put Variant 3 in the main text with a footnote reference to the readings of the TR & Variant 1. This is found in the RSV, ESV, NRSV, and NIV. It is also found in the post Vatican II Council new neo-Alexandrian Papists’ Roman Catholic RSV, JB, and NJB; in contrast to the old Latin Papists of post Trent Council and pre-Vatican II Council times who on the basis of the Latin followed Solution 2 in the Douay-Rheims.

Solution 2: Put Variant 3 in the main text with no footnote reference to any other readings. This is found in the ASV which reads, “the country of the Gerasenes.” So too Solution 2 is followed in the NASB, TEV, NEB, REB, TCNT, and Moffatt.

Meditation: The Neo-Alexandrians Schoolmen deny Divine Inspiration as they assume “a fumbling and bumbling Bible writer” incorrectly wrote “Gerasa” or Jerash in modern Jordan, a long way from the Sea of Galilee; whereas we Neo-Byzantine Schoolmen uphold the Divine Inspiration of Holy Scripture (II Tim. 3:16) and where there is no good textual argument against the representative Byzantine text, such as here at Mark 5:1, we look to “a fumbling and bumbling copyist scribe” to have mixed up the “Decapolis” (Mark 5:20) city of “Gerasa” or Jerash with the “Decapolis” (Mark 5:20) city of Gadara and thus “the Gadarenes” of the Textus Receptus (Mark 5:1).

We of the Neo-Byzantine School also uphold the Divine Preservation of Holy Scripture (I Peter 1:25); a fact that leads us to now consider Lectionary 813 (1069 A.D., St. John’s Greek Orthodox Monastery, Isle of Patmos, Greece), supra. During the Middle Ages, seemingly due to concerns about Mohammedan raids upon the island, Patmos appears to have deserted⁷⁹. But then in the 1088, the Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, granted Patmos to a Greek Orthodox abbot who founded St. John’s Monastery at Khora on Patmos. And as a repository for the Greek Byzantine Text, there was placed in the Library, Lectionary 813 (1069 A.D.), supra. The monastery remained Greek tongue preferring with the Greek Orthodox under the period of the Latin tongue preferring Roman Catholic Venetian rule (1207-1537); and also during the Island’s occupation by the forces of the Turkic tongue preferring Mohammedan Ottoman Empire which also had Arab speaking areas⁸⁰, during which time the Islamic Turks demanded Ottoman Empire annual tribute from the Greek Orthodox monastery (1537-1912). The Isle of Patmos is now part of the wider modern (mixed race) south-eastern European land of Greece. When we look at the testimony of the majority Byzantine text in favour of “Gadarenes” here at Mark 5:1 with reference to Lectionary 813 (1069 A.D.), we are thus reminded that the Divine Preservation of Holy Scripture depends not upon man’s weaknesses, but God’s greatness and power, for he put forth his hand to protect the Greek Byzantine Text of Mark 5:1 and other passages found in this Lectionary, against the heresies of the Greek Orthodox on the Isle of Patmos, against the heretical Romanists of Italian Venetia (1207-1537), and against the infidel Mohammedans of the Ottoman Empire in Turkey (1537-1912), bringing the text of the pure Word reading, “Gadarenes” in Lectionary 813 safely through to our day, that it may now be used in support of the Textus Receptus reading here at Mark 5:1 in these textual commentaries which uphold the unique truthfulness of religiously conservative Protestant Christianity as the only true form of Christianity, and Christianity as the only true religion. “Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? And one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father” (Matt.10:29). How much more value are “the words of the Lord,” which “are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times”? The “Lord” shall “keep them,” he shall “preserve them … for ever” (Ps. 12:6,7). “Blessèd be the name of the Lord … . Amen and Amen” (Ps. 89:52).

Greek

Textus Receptus

• 1514 (Complutensian Polyglot)

Desiderius Erasmus

• 1516 (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne)
• 1519 (Erasmus 2nd)
• 1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne)
• 1527 (Erasmus 4th)
• 1535 (Erasmus 5th)

Colinæus

• 1534 (Colinæus)

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

• 1546 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 1st)
• 1549 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 2nd)
• 1550 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd - Editio Regia)
• 1551 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 4th)

Theodore Beza

• 1565 (Beza 1st)
• 1565 (Beza Octavo 1st)
• 1567 (Beza Octavo 2nd)
• 1580 (Beza Octavo 3rd)
• 1582 (Beza 2nd)
• 1589 (Beza 3rd)
• 1590 (Beza Octavo 4th)
• 1598 ΚΑῚ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, εις τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν. (Beza 4th)

See Also Mark 5:1 Beza 1598 (Beza)

• 1604 (Beza Octavo 5th)

Elzevir

• 1624 (Elzevir)
• 1633 (Elzevir)
• 1641 (Elzevir)

Scholz

• 1841 (Scholz)

Scrivener

• 1894 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης, εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν.

Other Greek

• 1857 (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
• 1872 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γερασηνῶν (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
• 1881 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γερασηνῶν. (Westcott & Hort)
• 1904 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γεργεσηνῶν. (Greek orthodox Church)
• 1904 Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Γερασηνῶν. (Nestle)

Anglo Saxon Translations

• 1000 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)

• 1200 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)

English Translations

• 1380 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)
• 1395 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)
• 1534 (Tyndale Bible by William Tyndale)
• 1535 (Coverdale Bible)
• 1539 (Great Bible First Edition - Miles Coverdale)
• 1540 (Great Bible Second Edition - Miles Coverdale)
• 1549 (Matthew's Bible - John Rogers)
• 1557 (Geneva 1557) by William Whittingham
• 1560
• 1568 (Bishop's Bible First Edition)
• 1572 (Bishop's Bible)
• 1582 (Rheims 1582)
• 1587 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham
• 1599 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham
• 1611 (King James Version)
• 1729 (Mace New Testament)
• 1745 (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)
• 1762 (King James Version)
• 1769 (King James Version - Benjamin Blayney)
• 1770 (Worsley Version by John Worsley)
• 1790 (Wesley Version by John Wesley)
• 1795 (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)
• 1833 (Webster Version - by Noah Webster)
• 1835 (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)
• 1849 (Etheridge Translation by John Etheridge)
• 1850 (King James Version by Committee)
• 1851 (Murdock Translation)
• 1855 Calvin Bible by the Calvin Translation Society
• 1858 (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by Leicester Sawyer)
• 1865 (The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson)
• 1865 (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)
• 1869 (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)
• 1873 (King James Version) by Frederick Scrivener)
• 1885 (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)
• 1890 (Darby Version 1890 by John Darby)
• 1898 (Young's Literal Translation by Robert Young)
• 1901 (American Standard Version - Philip Schaff)
• 1902 (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)
• 1902 (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)
• 1904 (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by Adolphus Worrell)
• 1904 (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)
• 1911 (Syrus Scofield)
• 1912 (Weymouth New Testament)
• 1918 (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)
• 1923 (Edgar Goodspeed)
• 1982 (New King James Version) Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson.
• 1984 (New International Version)(NIV) Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®
• 1995 (New American Standard Bible) NASB (©1995)
• 1999 (American King James Version)AKJV
• 2000 (King James 2000 Bible©)n
• 2005 (Today’s New International Version)
• (BBE)
• 2009 (Holman Christian Standard Bible)(HCSB) Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville Tennessee. All rights reserved.
• (21st Century King James Version) Copyright © 1994 by Deuel Enterprises, Inc.
• (Common English Bible) Copyright © 2011 by Common English Bible
• (GOD’S WORD Translation)(GW) Copyright © 1995 by God's Word to the Nations.
• (Contemporary English Version)(CEV) Copyright © 1995 by American Bible Society
• (New Living Translation)(NLT) Holy Bible. New Living Translation copyright© 1996, 2004, 2007, 2013 by Tyndale House Foundation.
• (Amplified Bible) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation
• (The Message) (MSG) Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Eugene H. Peterson
• (New International Reader's Version) (NIRV) Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1998, 2014 by Biblica, Inc.®.
• (Wycliffe New Testament)

Foreign Language Versions

See also Bible translations into Afrikaans

Afrikaans

• 1933 (Ta Biblia Ta Logia - J. D. du Toit, E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, and BB Keet
• 1953
• 1982 Paraphrase - Die Lewende Bybel, Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy (CUM)
• 1982 South African Bible Society - E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg, and W. Kempen
• 1983 © Bybelgenootskap van Suid Afrika
• 2001 The Nuwe Wêreld-vertaling van die Heilige Skrif is an Afrikaans translation of the 1984 English translation of the Bible by the Watchtower Society.
• 2002 Die Boodskap
• 2002 DieBybel@Kinders.co.za - Gert Prinsloo, Phil Botha, Willem Boshoff, Hennie Stander, Dirk Human, Stephan Joubert, and Jan van der Watt.
• 2006 The Nuwe Lewende Vertaling (literally "New Living Translation")
• 2008 Bybel vir Almal - South African Bible Society, Bart Oberholzer, Bernard Combrink, Hermie van Zyl, Francois Tolmie, Christo van der Merwe, Rocco Hough en Elmine Roux.
• 2014 Direct Translation, South African Bible Society
• 2014 Afrikaans Standard Version, CUM Books

Akan

Albabian

Amuzgo de Guerrero

• 1973 Amuzgo de Guerrero (AMU) Copyright © 1973, 1999 by La Liga Biblica
• 1999

Armenian

Arabic

• 1516
• 1591
• 1616
• 1622
• 1671 Biblia Arabica. de propaganda fide. Arabic and Latin Bible printed in Rome by Abraham Ecchellensis and Louis Maracci
• وجاءوا الى عبر البحر الى كورة الجدريين. (Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)
• 1988 Arabic Life Application Bible (ALAB) Copyright © 1988 by Biblica
• 2009 Arabic Bible: Easy-to-Read Version (ERV-AR) Copyright © 2009 by World Bible Translation Center

Aramaic/Syriac

• (Aramaic Peshitta)

Basque

• 1571 Eta ethor citecen itsassoaren berce aldera, Gadarenoén comarcara.

Bulgarian

• 1940 И тъй минаха отвъд езерото в гадаринската страна. (1940 Bulgarian Bible)
• (Марко 5:1) (Bulgarian Bible)

Cherokee

• 1860 Cherokee New Testament (CHR)

Chinese

• 1 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))
• 1 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))
• 5:1 (Chinese King James Version)

Croatian

Czech

• 1613

Danish

Dutch

• 1619

Esperanto

Finnish

• 1619
• 1938

French

• ¶ Et ils arrivèrent à l'autre rive de la mer, dans le pays des Gadaréniens. (French Darby)
• 1744 Et ils arrivèrent au delà de la mer, dans le pays des Gadaréniens. (Martin 1744)
• 1744 (Ostervald 1744)
• 1864 (Augustin Crampon)
• 1910
• 2006 (King James Française)

German

• 1545 (Luther 1545)
• 1871 (Elberfelder 1871)
• 1912 Und sie kamen jenseits des Meers in die Gegend der Gadarener. (Luther 1912)

Greek

• 1904 (Greek Orthodox (B. Antoniades))
• Modern Greek (Trinitarian Bible Society)

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

• 1649 E GIUNSERO all’altra riva del mare nella contrada de’ Gadareni. (Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)
• 1927 E giunsero all’altra riva del mare nel paese de’ Geraseni. (Riveduta Bible 1927)

Japanese

• 1928 (Naoji Nagai)

Kabyle

Khmer

• 1928

Latin

• et venerunt trans fretum maris in regionem Gerasenorum Latin Vulgate
• 1527 (Erasmus 1527)
• 1527 (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)
• 1565 (Beza)
• 1598 (Beza)

Latvian

Maori

• 1833
• 1837
• 1858
• 1868 (Formal translation based on the Greek 'Received Text': Trinitarian Bible Society)
• 1833
• 1952

Norwegian

• 1930

Pidgin

• 1996 (Pidgin King Jems)

Portugese

Potawatomi

• 1833 (Potawatomi Matthew and Acts)

Romainian

• 1551 (Slavic-Romanian Gospel)
• 1561 (Coresi's Gospel)
• 1570 (The Braşov Psalm Book) Psalms Only
• 1582 (Palia from Orăştie)
• 1648 (The New Testament of Alba Iulia)
• 1688 (Biblia de la Bucureşti - Bucharest Bible)
• 1911 (Nitzulescu - British and Foreign Bible Society)
• 1921 (Cornilescu)
• 1924 (Cornilescu - British and Foreign Bible Society)
• 1989 (Gute Botschaft Verlag)
• 2010 (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna - Textus Receptus Based)
• 2013 (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba română - based upon the Textus Receptus / King James Version)
• 2014 (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba română - based upon the Textus Receptus / King James Version)
• 2014 (Cornilescu 90th anniversary definitive edition - British and Foreign Bible Society)

Russian

• 1876 И пришли на другой берег моря, в страну Гадаринскую. Russian Synodal Version
• Phonetically:

Sanskrit

• 1851

Shur

Spanish

See Also Bible translations (Spanish)

• 1543 (Francisco de Enzinas New Testament)
• 1556 (Juan Perez de Pineda New Testament and book of Psalms)
• 1569 (Sagradas Escrituras)
• 1814 Valera Revision
• 1817 Valera Revision
• 1831 Valera Revision
• 1858 Reina Valera
• 1862 Valera Revision
• 1865 Valera Revision (American Bible Society Revisión)
• 1869 Valera Revision
• 1909 (Reina-Valera) Antigua Spanish Bible
• 1960 Versión Reina-Valera (Eugene Nida )
• 1987 Translation from English. Publisher: Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.
• 1994 Nuevo Testamento versión Recobro
• 1997 (La Biblia de las Américas) (©1997)
• 1999 Nueva Versión Internacional (NVI)
• 2002 (1602 Purificada)
• 2009 Santa Biblia: Reina-Valera
• 1 (Reina Valera Gómez)

Swahili

• Basi, wakafika katika nchi ya Wagerase, ng'ambo ya ziwa.

Swedish

• 1917 Så kommo de över till gerasenernas land, på andra sidan sjön. (Swedish - Svenska 1917)

Tagalog

• 1905 At nagsidating sila sa kabilang ibayo ng dagat sa lupain ng mga Gadareno. (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)

Thai

(Thai KJV)

Turkish

Ukrainian

Urdu

• 1878 (Hindustani Roman Script)
• 1938 (Urdu Revised Version. British and Foreign Bible Society, 1938)
• 2016 (Urdu Bible)

Vietnamese

• 1934 Ðức Chúa Jêsus cùng môn đồ qua đến bờ biển bên kia, trong miền Giê-ra-sê. (Maùc 5:1 Vietnamese Bible) (VIET)

Welsh

• 1567 (William Salesbury, printed in 1567 by Humphrey Toy)
• 1588 (William Morgan)
• 1620 (William Morgan)
• 1824
• 1988 (New Welsh Bible)
• 2004
• 2011 (beibl.net 2011 by Arfon Jones)

See Also

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Matthew 1:1 Unicorn The Westcott and Hort Only Controversy New King James Version List of Omitted Bible Verses List of Bible verses not included in the ESV Pure Cambridge Edition

Ephesians 3:9 Why We Should Not Passover Easter 1, 2, & 3 Will Kinney List of TR/KJV based foreign bibles List of New Testament minuscules List of New Testament lectionaries

List of New Testament Papyri

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 ·

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List of New Testament minuscules

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206 · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 333 · 334 · 335 · 336 · 337 · 338 · 339 · 340 · 341 · 342 · 343 · 344 · 345 · 346 · 347 · 348 · 349 · 350 · 351 · 352 · 353 · 354 · 355 · 356 · 357 · 358 · 359 · 360 · 361 · 362 · 363 · 364 · 365 · 366 · 367 · 368 · 369 · 370 · 371 · 372 · 373 · 374 · 375 · 376 · 377 · 378 · 379 · 380 · 381 · 382 · 383 · 384 · 385 · 386 · 387 · 388 · 389 · 390 · 391 · 392 · 393 · 394 · 395 · 396 · 397 · 398 · 399 · 400 · 401 · 402 · 403 · 404 · 405 · 406 · 407 · 408 · 409 · 410 · 411 · 412 · 413 · 414 · 415 · 416 · 417 · 418 · 419 · 420 · 421 · 422 · 423 · 424 · 425 · 426 · 427 · 428 · 429 · 430 · 431 · 432 · 433 · 434 · 435 · 436 · 437 · 438 · 439 · 440 · 441 · 442 · 443 · 444 · 445 · 446 · 447 · 448 · 449 · 450 · 451 · 452 · 453 · 454 · 455 · 456 · 457 · 458 · 459 · 460 · 461 · 462 · 463 · 464 · 465 · 466 · 467 · 468 · 469 · 470 · 471 · 472 · 473 · 474 · 475 · 476 · 477 · 478 · 479 · 480 · 481 · 482 · 483 · 484 · 485 · 486 · 487 · 488 · 489 · 490 · 491 · 492 · 493 · 494 · 495 · 496 · 497 · 498 · 499 · 500 · 501 · 502 · 503 · 504 · 505 · 506 · 507 · 543 · 544 · 565 · 566 · 579 · 585 · 614 · 639 · 653 · 654 · 655 · 656 · 657 · 658 · 659 · 660 · 661 · 669 · 676 · 685 · 700 · 798 · 823 · 824 · 825 · 826 · 827 · 828 · 829 · 830 · 831 · 876 · 891 · 892 · 893 · 1071 · 1143 · 1152 · 1241 · 1253 · 1423 · 1424 · 1432 · 1582 · 1739 · 1780 · 1813 · 1834 · 2050 · 2053 · 2059 · 2060 · 2061 · 2062 · 2174 · 2268 · 2344 · 2423 · 2427 · 2437 · 2444 · 2445 · 2446 · 2460 · 2464 · 2491 · 2495 · 2612 · 2613 · 2614 · 2615 · 2616 · 2641 · 2754 · 2755 · 2756 · 2757 · 2766 · 2767 · 2768 · 2793 · 2802 · 2803 · 2804 · 2805 · 2806 · 2807 · 2808 · 2809 · 2810 · 2811 · 2812 · 2813 · 2814 · 2815 · 2816 · 2817 · 2818 · 2819 · 2820 · 2821 · 2855 · 2856 · 2857 · 2858 · 2859 · 2860 · 2861 · 2862 · 2863 · 2881 · 2882 · 2907 · 2965 ·

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List of New Testament uncials

01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·

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List of New Testament lectionaries

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·

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New book available with irrefutable evidence for the reading in the TR and KJV. Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Authorized Version