Codex Washingtonianus
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| - | The '''Codex Washingtonianus''' or '''Codex Washingtonensis''', designated by '''W''' or '''032''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), ε 014 ([[Biblical manuscript#von Soden|Soden]]), also called the ''Washington Manuscript of the Gospels'', and ''The Freer Gospel'', contains the four [[Bible|biblical]] [[gospel]]s and was written in [[Koine Greek|Greek]] on [[vellum]] and [[palimpsest]] in the fourth or fifth century. | + | [[Image:Codex_Washingtonensis_W_032.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Painted cover of the Codex Washingtonianus, depicting the evangelists Luke and Mark (7th century)]] |
| + | The '''Codex Washingtonianus''' or '''Codex Washingtonensis''', designated by '''W''' or '''032''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), ε 014 ([[Biblical manuscript#von Soden|Soden]]), also called the ''Washington Manuscript of the Gospels'', and ''The Freer Gospel'', contains the four [[Bible|biblical]] [[gospel]]s and was written in [[Koine Greek|Greek]] on [[vellum]] and [[palimpsest]] in the fourth or fifth century. The manuscript is [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunose]]. | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| - | The codex is a book of 187 leaves of 20.5-21cm by 13-14.5cm with painted wooden covers | + | The codex is a book of 187 leaves of 20.5-21cm by 13-14.5cm with painted wooden covers, consisting of 26 quires (four to eight leaves). |
| - | + | The text is written in one column per page, 30 lines per page. There are numerous corrections made by the original scribe and a few corrections dating to the late 5th or 6th century. [[John 1:1]]-[[John 5:11|5:11]] is a replacement of a presumably damaged folio, and dates to around the seventh century. It is missing [[Mark 15:13]]-[[Mark 15:38|38]] and [[John 14:26]]-[[John 16:7|16:7]]. The ink is dark brown. The words are written continuously without separation. Accents are absent. The [[rough breathing]] is used very rarely. | |
| - | + | Like in [[Codex Bezae]] the Gospels follow in Western order: [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of John|John]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]]. | |
| - | [[Matthew 16: | + | The following [[nomina sacra]] are written in abbreviated forms: <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΘΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΚΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΧΡΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΝΑ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΑΝΟΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΠΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΜΗΡ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΥΣ</span> <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΑΔ</span> (<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΔΔ</span> once) <span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΗΛ</span> (<span style="text-decoration: overline">ΙΣΡΛ</span> once). |
| + | |||
| + | [[Matthew 16:2]]b-[[Matthew 16:3|3]] is present and not marked as doubtful or spurious. [[Luke 22:43]]-[[Luke 22:44|44]], [[John 5:4]] and the [[John 7:53-8:11|Pericope de adultera]] are omitted by the scribe.I t lacks [[Matthew 5:21]]-[[Matthew 5:22|22]] (as [[Minuscule 33]]), and [[Luke 19:25]] (as [[Codex Bezae]], [[Minuscule 69|69]], [[Minuscule 1230|1230]], [[Minuscule 1253|1253]], lectionaries, b, d, e, ff², [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>sin</sup>]], cop<sup>bo</sup>); | ||
| + | |||
| + | It contains [[Matthew 23:14]], as do manuscripts [[Uncial 0104|0104]], [[Uncial 0107|0107]], [[Uncial 0133|0133]], [[Uncial 0138|0138]], and most other Byzantine mss. | ||
== Text of codex == | == Text of codex == | ||
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The Codex is cited as a "consistently cited witness of the first order" in the [[critical apparatus]] of the [[Novum Testamentum Graece]]. The [[codex]] was apparently copied from several different manuscripts and is the work of two [[scribe]]s. The text-type is eclectic: | The Codex is cited as a "consistently cited witness of the first order" in the [[critical apparatus]] of the [[Novum Testamentum Graece]]. The [[codex]] was apparently copied from several different manuscripts and is the work of two [[scribe]]s. The text-type is eclectic: | ||
| - | * Matthew 1-28; Luke 8: | + | * [[Matthew 1]]-[[Matthew 28|28]]; [[Luke 8:13]]–[[Luke 24:53|24:53]] – [[Byzantine text-type]]; |
| - | * Mark 1: | + | * [[Mark 1:1]]–[[Mark 5:30|5:30]] – [[Western text-type]] similar to old-Latin Versions; |
| - | * Mark 5:31 – 16:20 – [[Caesarean text-type]] near to [[Papyrus 45|p<sup>45</sup>]]; | + | * [[Mark 5:31]] – [[Mark 16:20|16:20]] – [[Caesarean text-type]] near to [[Papyrus 45|p<sup>45</sup>]]; |
| - | * Luke 1:1 – 8:12, and J 5:12 – 21:25 – [[Alexandrian text-type]]; | + | * [[Luke 1:1]] – [[Luke 8:12|8:12]], and J 5:12 – 21:25 – [[Alexandrian text-type]]; |
| - | * John 1:1 – 5:11 – mixed with some Alexandrian and Western readings. This text was added in the 7th century, probably for replacement of damaged text | + | * [[John 1:1]] – [[John 5:11|5:11]] – mixed with some Alexandrian and Western readings. This text was added in the 7th century, probably for replacement of damaged text. |
| - | + | In [[Matthew 1:10]] it reads Αμων for Αμως (א, B, C), the reading of the codex agrees with [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], ''f''<sup>13</sup> and the Byzantine text. | |
| - | + | [[Matthew 10:12]] | |
| + | : It reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω instead of αυτην. The reading is used by manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus*<sup>,2</sup>]], [[Codex Bezae|Bezae]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|Regius]], [[Codex Koridethi|Koridethi]], [[Family 1|''f'' <sup>1</sup>]] 1010 (1424), it vg<sup>cl</sup>. | ||
| - | + | [[Matthew 23:3]] has the reading "παντα ουν οσα εαν ειπωσιν ὑμιν τηρειν τηρειται και ποιειται · κατα δε τα εργα αυτων μη ποιειται· λεγουσιν γαρ και ου ποιουσιν." in basic agreement with Majority Text (and practically with D) against the United Bible Society's "ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε" (on the understanding that αι iota is an allophonic variation for ε). The UBS (ℵ2 B L Z Θ 0281 892) reads ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε whereas the Textus Receptus reads τηρεῖν, τηρεῖτε καὶ ποιεῖτε. The UBS reading requires that ποιήσατε be an imperative, the TR & W allow a present indicative (τηρεῖτε is ambiguous as either indicative or imperative). | |
| - | + | It has an addition in [[Mark 1:3]], the citation from Is 40:3 is longer. Mark 10:48 is omitted as in codex [[Minuscule 1241|1241]]. | |
| - | + | In [[Mark 2:3]] it has \ιδου ανδρες ερχονται προς αυτον βασταζοντες εν κρεβαττω παραλυτικον supported only by Old Latin [[Codex Palatinus]] instead of usual variant ερχονται φεροντες προς αυτον παραλυτικον αιρομενον υπο τεσσαρων; | |
| - | In | + | In [[Mark 10:19]] — phrase μη αποστερησης omitted, as in codices [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], [[Codex Cyprius|K]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]], [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], [[Minuscule 1010|1010]], 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, [[Lectionary 10|'''ℓ''' ''10'']], '''ℓ''' ''950'', '''ℓ''' ''1642'', '''ℓ''' ''1761'', syr<sup>s</sup>, arm, geo. |
| - | [[ | + | In [[Μark 13:2]] it contains addition και μετα τριων ημερων αλλος αναστησεται ανευ χειρων (''and after three days another will arise'') — D W it.<ref> |
| + | |||
| + | In [[Mark 9:49]] it reads πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – as manuscripts (א εν πυρι) [[Codex Vaticanus|B]] [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]] [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Δ]] [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]] [[Family 13|''f''<sup>13</sup>]] [[Minuscule 28|28]] [[Minuscule 565|565]] [[Minuscule 700|700]] [[Lectionary 260|'''ℓ'''''260'']] syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa</sup>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In [[Luke 4:17]] it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (''and opened the book'') together with the manuscripts [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], B, [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Zacynthius|Ξ]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 892|892]], 1195, 1241, [[Lectionary 547|'''ℓ''' ''547'']], syr<sup>s, h, pal</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, against variant καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (''and unrolled the book'') supported by א, D<sup>c</sup>, [[Codex Cyprius|K]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Δ]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)|Π]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 565|565]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Luke [[22:43]]-[[Luke 22:44|44]] omitted, as in codices [[Papyrus 75|p<sup>75</sup>]], א*, A, B, [[Codex Borgianus|T]], 1071. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In [[Luke 23:34]] omitted words: "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts [[Papyrus 75]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Bezae|D*]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 070|0124]], 1241, [[Codex Vercellensis|a]], Codex Bezae<sup>lat</sup>, [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>sin</sup>]], [[Coptic versions of the Bible#Sahidic|cop<sup>sa</sup>]], [[Coptic versions of the Bible#Bohairic|cop<sup>bo</sup>]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In [[John 7:1]] it reads ου γαρ ειχεν εξουσιαν for ου γαρ ηθελεν, the reading is supported by Old Latin: a, b, ff², l, r<sup>1</sup>, and by Syriac Curetonian. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Image:Codex Washingtonianus W (032) Mk 16,12-17.JPG|thumb|right|236px|[[Mark 16:12]]-[[Mark 16:17|17]] with the ''Freer Logion'' in [[Mark 16:14|16:14]]]] | ||
== Freer Logion == | == Freer Logion == | ||
| - | The ending of Mark in this codex is especially noteworthy because it includes a unique insertion after [[Mark 16 | + | The ending of Mark in this codex is especially noteworthy because it includes a unique insertion after [[Mark 16:14]], referred to as the "Freer Logion". |
| - | Κακεινοι απελογουντο λεγοντες οτι ο ιων ουτος της ανομιας υπο τον σαταναν εστιν, ο μη εων τα (τον μη εωντα?) υπο των πνευματων ακαθαρτα (-των?) την αληθειαν του θεου καταλαβεσθαι (+ και?) δυναμιν δια τουτο αποκαλυψον σου την δικαιοσυνην ηδη, εκεινοι ελεγον τω χριστω και ο χριστος εκεινοις προσελεγεν οτι πεπληρωται ο ορος των ετων της εξουσιας του σατανα, αλλα εγγιζει αλλα δεινα και υπερ ων εγω αμαρτησαντων παρεδοθην εις θανατον ινα υποστρεψωσιν εις την αληθειαν και μηκετι αμαρτησωσιν ινα την εν τω ουρανω πνευματικην και αφθαρτον της δικαιοσυνης δοξαν κληρονομησωσιν. | + | |
| - | + | :Κακεινοι απελογουντο λεγοντες οτι ο ιων ουτος της ανομιας υπο τον σαταναν εστιν, ο μη εων τα (τον μη εωντα?) υπο των πνευματων ακαθαρτα (-των?) την αληθειαν του θεου καταλαβεσθαι (+ και?) δυναμιν δια τουτο αποκαλυψον σου την δικαιοσυνην ηδη, εκεινοι ελεγον τω χριστω και ο χριστος εκεινοις προσελεγεν οτι πεπληρωται ο ορος των ετων της εξουσιας του σατανα, αλλα εγγιζει αλλα δεινα και υπερ ων εγω αμαρτησαντων παρεδοθην εις θανατον ινα υποστρεψωσιν εις την αληθειαν και μηκετι αμαρτησωσιν ινα την εν τω ουρανω πνευματικην και αφθαρτον της δικαιοσυνης δοξαν κληρονομησωσιν. | |
| + | |||
Translation: | Translation: | ||
| - | + | ||
| - | And they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does not allow the truth and power of God to prevail over the unclean things of the spirits [or: does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth and power of God]. Therefore reveal thy righteousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they may inherit the spiritual and incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven. | + | :And they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does not allow the truth and power of God to prevail over the unclean things of the spirits [or: does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth and power of God]. Therefore reveal thy righteousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they may inherit the spiritual and incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven. |
| - | + | ||
This text is not found in any other manuscript, but was partially quoted by [[Jerome]]: | This text is not found in any other manuscript, but was partially quoted by [[Jerome]]: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
| - | et illi satisfaciebant dicentes: Saeculum istud iniquitatis et incredulitatis substantia (sub Satana?) est, quae non sinit per immundos spiritus veram Dei apprehendi virtutem: irdirco iamnunc revela iustitiam tuam. | + | et illi satisfaciebant dicentes: Saeculum istud iniquitatis et incredulitatis substantia (sub Satana?) est, quae non sinit per immundos spiritus veram Dei apprehendi virtutem: irdirco iamnunc revela iustitiam tuam. |
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| - | The codex was purchased by [[Charles Lang Freer]] on a trip to [[Egypt]] in November 1906 | + | The codex was purchased by [[Charles Lang Freer]] on a trip to [[Egypt]] in November 1906. [[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger]] states: "It is only Greek Gospel manuscript of early date of which we know provenance. Though the exact spot in Egypt where it was found is not known, there are indications that it came from a monastery in the neighbourhood of the [[Pyramids of Giza|Pyramids]]." The writing is closely related to the ''Codex Panopolitanus'' (Papyrus Cairensis 10759), Henoch manuscript, found in [[Akhmim]] in 1886. |
| - | It is located in the [[Smithsonian Institution]] at the [[Freer Gallery of Art]] (06. 274) in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]] of America, and some of it can be viewed on-line. | + | There is a subscription at the end of the Gospel of Mark, written in semi-cursive from the 5th century: "Holy Christ, be thou with thy servant Timothy and all of his." The similar note appears in [[Minuscule 579]]. [[Hermann von Soden]] cited a number of similar subscriptions in other manuscripts. |
| - | Complete images of the codex are available from the Rights and Reproductions office at the [[Freer Gallery of Art]]. | + | |
| + | It is located in the [[Smithsonian Institution]] at the [[Freer Gallery of Art]] (06. 274) in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]] of America, and some of it can be viewed on-line. Complete images of the codex are available from the Rights and Reproductions office at the [[Freer Gallery of Art]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The manuscript is dated by the [[INTF]] to the 4th or 5th century. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
| + | * [[Caspar René Gregory]], [http://www.archive.org/stream/dasfreerlogion01greggoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''Das Freer-Logion''] (Hinrichs: Leipzig 1908) | ||
* [[Henry A. Sanders]], ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection'', The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912. | * [[Henry A. Sanders]], ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection'', The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912. | ||
| - | * Henry A. Sanders, ''The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection'', The Macmillan Company, New York – London 1918. | + | * Henry A. Sanders, [http://www.archive.org/stream/newtestamentmanu00sanduoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection''], The Macmillan Company, New York – London 1918. |
* [[Frederic G. Kenyon]], ''Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts'', (4th ed.), London 1939. | * [[Frederic G. Kenyon]], ''Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts'', (4th ed.), London 1939. | ||
| - | * Larry W. Hurtado, ''[http://books.google.pl/books?id=ZSR_CQXQdtUC&pg=3 Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark]'', Studies and Documents 43, Eerdmans 1981. | + | * [[Larry W. Hurtado]], ''[http://books.google.pl/books?id=ZSR_CQXQdtUC&pg=3 Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark]'', Studies and Documents 43, Eerdmans 1981. |
* Larry W. Hurtado, ''The Freer Biblical Manuscripts. Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove'', Brill 2007. | * Larry W. Hurtado, ''The Freer Biblical Manuscripts. Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove'', Brill 2007. | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| - | * [http://www.csntm.org/ | + | * H. A. Sanders, [http://www.csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_032 ''Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript...''] at the [[Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts|CSNTM]] |
* [http://www.beloit.edu/classics/GospelOfMark/ Scanned Images of the Codex (facsimile)] | * [http://www.beloit.edu/classics/GospelOfMark/ Scanned Images of the Codex (facsimile)] | ||
* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uW The ''Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism'' entry for W] | * [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uW The ''Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism'' entry for W] | ||
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[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials|Washingtonianus]] | [[Category:Greek New Testament uncials|Washingtonianus]] | ||
[[Category:5th-century biblical manuscripts]] | [[Category:5th-century biblical manuscripts]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Manuscripts in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution]] | ||
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| + | {{Donate}} | ||
Current revision
The Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 014 (Soden), also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum and palimpsest in the fourth or fifth century. The manuscript is lacunose.
Contents |
Description
The codex is a book of 187 leaves of 20.5-21cm by 13-14.5cm with painted wooden covers, consisting of 26 quires (four to eight leaves).
The text is written in one column per page, 30 lines per page. There are numerous corrections made by the original scribe and a few corrections dating to the late 5th or 6th century. John 1:1-5:11 is a replacement of a presumably damaged folio, and dates to around the seventh century. It is missing Mark 15:13-38 and John 14:26-16:7. The ink is dark brown. The words are written continuously without separation. Accents are absent. The rough breathing is used very rarely.
Like in Codex Bezae the Gospels follow in Western order: Matthew, John, Luke, Mark.
The following nomina sacra are written in abbreviated forms: ΘΣ ΚΣ ΧΡΣ ΙΣ ΠΝΑ ΑΝΟΣ ΠΗΡ ΜΗΡ ΥΣ ΔΑΔ (ΔΔ once) ΙΗΛ (ΙΣΡΛ once).
Matthew 16:2b-3 is present and not marked as doubtful or spurious. Luke 22:43-44, John 5:4 and the Pericope de adultera are omitted by the scribe.I t lacks Matthew 5:21-22 (as Minuscule 33), and Luke 19:25 (as Codex Bezae, 69, 1230, 1253, lectionaries, b, d, e, ff², syrsin, copbo);
It contains Matthew 23:14, as do manuscripts 0104, 0107, 0133, 0138, and most other Byzantine mss.
Text of codex
The Codex is cited as a "consistently cited witness of the first order" in the critical apparatus of the Novum Testamentum Graece. The codex was apparently copied from several different manuscripts and is the work of two scribes. The text-type is eclectic:
- Matthew 1-28; Luke 8:13–24:53 – Byzantine text-type;
- Mark 1:1–5:30 – Western text-type similar to old-Latin Versions;
- Mark 5:31 – 16:20 – Caesarean text-type near to p45;
- Luke 1:1 – 8:12, and J 5:12 – 21:25 – Alexandrian text-type;
- John 1:1 – 5:11 – mixed with some Alexandrian and Western readings. This text was added in the 7th century, probably for replacement of damaged text.
In Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμων for Αμως (א, B, C), the reading of the codex agrees with L, f13 and the Byzantine text.
- It reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω instead of αυτην. The reading is used by manuscripts: Sinaiticus*,2, Bezae, Regius, Koridethi, f 1 1010 (1424), it vgcl.
Matthew 23:3 has the reading "παντα ουν οσα εαν ειπωσιν ὑμιν τηρειν τηρειται και ποιειται · κατα δε τα εργα αυτων μη ποιειται· λεγουσιν γαρ και ου ποιουσιν." in basic agreement with Majority Text (and practically with D) against the United Bible Society's "ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε" (on the understanding that αι iota is an allophonic variation for ε). The UBS (ℵ2 B L Z Θ 0281 892) reads ποιήσατε καὶ τηρεῖτε whereas the Textus Receptus reads τηρεῖν, τηρεῖτε καὶ ποιεῖτε. The UBS reading requires that ποιήσατε be an imperative, the TR & W allow a present indicative (τηρεῖτε is ambiguous as either indicative or imperative).
It has an addition in Mark 1:3, the citation from Is 40:3 is longer. Mark 10:48 is omitted as in codex 1241.
In Mark 2:3 it has \ιδου ανδρες ερχονται προς αυτον βασταζοντες εν κρεβαττω παραλυτικον supported only by Old Latin Codex Palatinus instead of usual variant ερχονται φεροντες προς αυτον παραλυτικον αιρομενον υπο τεσσαρων;
In Mark 10:19 — phrase μη αποστερησης omitted, as in codices B, K, Ψ, f1, f13, 28, 700, 1010, 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, ℓ 10, ℓ 950, ℓ 1642, ℓ 1761, syrs, arm, geo.
In Μark 13:2 it contains addition και μετα τριων ημερων αλλος αναστησεται ανευ χειρων (and after three days another will arise) — D W it.<ref>
In Mark 9:49 it reads πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – as manuscripts (א εν πυρι) B L Δ f1 f13 28 565 700 ℓ260 syrs copsa.
In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (and opened the book) together with the manuscripts A, B, L, Ξ, 33, 892, 1195, 1241, ℓ 547, syrs, h, pal, copsa, bo, against variant καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (and unrolled the book) supported by א, Dc, K, Δ, Θ, Π, Ψ, f1, f13, 28, 565, 700, 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts.
Luke 22:43-44 omitted, as in codices p75, א*, A, B, T, 1071.
In Luke 23:34 omitted words: "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts Papyrus 75, Sinaiticusa, B, D*, Θ, 0124, 1241, a, Codex Bezaelat, syrsin, copsa, copbo.
In John 7:1 it reads ου γαρ ειχεν εξουσιαν for ου γαρ ηθελεν, the reading is supported by Old Latin: a, b, ff², l, r1, and by Syriac Curetonian.
Freer Logion
The ending of Mark in this codex is especially noteworthy because it includes a unique insertion after Mark 16:14, referred to as the "Freer Logion".
- Κακεινοι απελογουντο λεγοντες οτι ο ιων ουτος της ανομιας υπο τον σαταναν εστιν, ο μη εων τα (τον μη εωντα?) υπο των πνευματων ακαθαρτα (-των?) την αληθειαν του θεου καταλαβεσθαι (+ και?) δυναμιν δια τουτο αποκαλυψον σου την δικαιοσυνην ηδη, εκεινοι ελεγον τω χριστω και ο χριστος εκεινοις προσελεγεν οτι πεπληρωται ο ορος των ετων της εξουσιας του σατανα, αλλα εγγιζει αλλα δεινα και υπερ ων εγω αμαρτησαντων παρεδοθην εις θανατον ινα υποστρεψωσιν εις την αληθειαν και μηκετι αμαρτησωσιν ινα την εν τω ουρανω πνευματικην και αφθαρτον της δικαιοσυνης δοξαν κληρονομησωσιν.
Translation:
- And they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is under Satan, who does not allow the truth and power of God to prevail over the unclean things of the spirits [or: does not allow what lies under the unclean spirits to understand the truth and power of God]. Therefore reveal thy righteousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that they may inherit the spiritual and incorruptible glory of righteousness which is in heaven.
This text is not found in any other manuscript, but was partially quoted by Jerome:
et illi satisfaciebant dicentes: Saeculum istud iniquitatis et incredulitatis substantia (sub Satana?) est, quae non sinit per immundos spiritus veram Dei apprehendi virtutem: irdirco iamnunc revela iustitiam tuam.
History
The codex was purchased by Charles Lang Freer on a trip to Egypt in November 1906. Metzger states: "It is only Greek Gospel manuscript of early date of which we know provenance. Though the exact spot in Egypt where it was found is not known, there are indications that it came from a monastery in the neighbourhood of the Pyramids." The writing is closely related to the Codex Panopolitanus (Papyrus Cairensis 10759), Henoch manuscript, found in Akhmim in 1886.
There is a subscription at the end of the Gospel of Mark, written in semi-cursive from the 5th century: "Holy Christ, be thou with thy servant Timothy and all of his." The similar note appears in Minuscule 579. Hermann von Soden cited a number of similar subscriptions in other manuscripts.
It is located in the Smithsonian Institution at the Freer Gallery of Art (06. 274) in Washington, D.C., United States of America, and some of it can be viewed on-line. Complete images of the codex are available from the Rights and Reproductions office at the Freer Gallery of Art.
The manuscript is dated by the INTF to the 4th or 5th century.
See also
References
Further reading
- Caspar René Gregory, Das Freer-Logion (Hinrichs: Leipzig 1908)
- Henry A. Sanders, Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript of the Four Gospels in the Freer Collection, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1912.
- Henry A. Sanders, The New Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collection, The Macmillan Company, New York – London 1918.
- Frederic G. Kenyon, Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, (4th ed.), London 1939.
- Larry W. Hurtado, Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark, Studies and Documents 43, Eerdmans 1981.
- Larry W. Hurtado, The Freer Biblical Manuscripts. Fresh Studies of an American Treasure Trove, Brill 2007.
External links
- H. A. Sanders, Facsimile of the Washington Manuscript... at the CSNTM
- Scanned Images of the Codex (facsimile)
- The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism entry for W
The King James Version 2023 Edition New Testament is now complete and in print format here.
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List of New Testament minuscules
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List of New Testament lectionaries
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