Revelation 1:8

From Textus Receptus

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ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ 1:8 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω, ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ Κύριος, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Checked)

(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

Revelation 1:8 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

Revelation 1:8 “I am Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End,” says the Lord, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Interlinear

Commentary

Revelation 1:8 is the eighth verse of the first chapter of the Book of Revelation in the New Testament. Most modern English bibles differ from the King James Version here. For example:

Revelation 1:8 (KJV) I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord (omit), which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

Revelation 1:8 (NIV) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," (omit) says the Lord God, "who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty."

ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος

Sinaiticus omits "ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος"

ο θεός

Tertullian Against Praxaes chapter 17

Tertullian in Against Praxaes chapter 17 says:

Interim, hic mihi promotum sit responsum adversus id quod et de Apocalypsi Joannis proferunt: Ego Dominus qui est, et qui fuit, et venit omnipotens; et sicubi alibi Dei omnipotentis appellationem non putant etiam Filio convenire: quasi qui venturus est, non sit 0177A omnipotens, cum et Filius omnipotentis tam omnipotens sit , quam Deus Dei Filius.[19]

Translated by Schaff as:

Meanwhile, let this be my immediate answer to the argument which they adduce from the Revelation of John: I am the Lord which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty; [ Revelation 1:8 ] and from all other passages which in their opinion make the designation of Almighty God unsuitable to the Son. As if, indeed, He which is to come were not almighty; whereas even the Son of the Almighty is as much almighty as the Son of God is God. [20]

Interestingly, this chapter is titled "Chapter XVII.—Sundry August Titles, Descriptive of Deity, Applied to the Son, Not, as Praxeas Would Have It, Only to the Father." One would think that if Tertullian was indicating that Jesus is God and has titles of deity, if "God" was there, he would certainly not overlook it. [21]

This is translated into Greek as:

Εν τω μεταξύ αυτή ας είναι η προετοιμασμένη απόκρισή μου κατά εκείνων που ισχυρίζονται από την Αποκάλυψη του Ιωάννη: "Εγώ είμαι ο Κύριος, εκείνος που είναι και που ήταν και που έρχεται, ο Παντοκράτορας", και από οπουδήποτε αλλού όπου νομίζουν ότι ο χαρακτηρισμός "παντοκράτορας" δεν είναι αρμόζων για τον Γιο· σαν να μην ήταν εκείνος που έρχεται παντοκράτορας, καθώς ο Γιος του Παντοκράτορα δεν είναι λιγότερο παντοκράτορας απ' ό,τι ο Γιος του Θεού είναι θεός.[22]

Origen

Beatus of Liébana

The cover of Beatus of Liébana translated in 1915 [1].

Revelation 1:8 in Beatus of Liébana translated in 1915 [2].

Spanish theologian Beatus of Liébana (730 – 800), wrote a popular commentary on the book of Revelation titled, “Commentaria In Apocalypsin.” The date of Beatus’ readings may go as far back as 360 A. D. as Beautus relied on Tyconius' commentary on Revelation. It was hugely widespread in Europe and 31 manuscripts have survived. Considered together, the Beatus codices are among the most important Spanish medieval manuscripts and have been the subject of extensive scholarly and antiquarian enquiry. In the book "A new text of the Apocalypse from Spain. Extracted and translated from the Latin text of the Morgan ms. of the eighth century commentary of the Spanish presbyter Beatus, by E. S. Buchanan" which was translated in 1915, he has:

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

This is identical to how the King James Version translated this section.

Book of Armagh

Revelation 1:8 in the Book of Armagh. [3].

Revelation 1:8 in the Printed Book of Armagh. [4].

The Latin Book of Armagh (Codex Ardmachanus, Liber Ardmachanus, Canon of Patrick) of 807 AD reads as does the Textus Receptus and King James Version:

ego sum alfa et ω principium et finis.,.,.,

dicit dominus quiest et qui erat etuenit omnipotens

ego (I) sum (am) alfa (Alpha) et (and) ω (Omega) principium (the beginning) et (and) finis (the ending) .,.,.,

dicit (saith) dominus (the Lord) quiest (which is) et (and) qui (which) erat (was) etuenit (and is to come) omnipotens (the Almighty)

When translated, the reading is practically identical with the King James Version. The only difference being an omission "which" in the third part of the triadic declaration, which I am not sure is needed to convey the same meaning as the KJV.

Giannozzo Manetti's Manuscript

Revelation 1:8 in Manetti:Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45 Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45.

Before the time of Erasmus, around 1455, one of the most prominent intellectuals and contemporary with Lorenzo Valla, Giannozzo Manetti (1396-1459) completed the first Latin translation of the New Testament[23] based primarily on Greek manuscripts since the time of Jerome.[24] Some manuscripts Manetti used:

Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 171 which reads “o theos” (God) [5].

Minuscule 171 which is a full Greek New Testament

Minuscule 156 Greek Gospels

Minuscule 229 a diglot, Greek-Latin, manuscript of the Gospels.

A supplemental Latin manuscript also used, Pal. Lat.18, containing a Vulgate text of the Old Testament and New Testament.

Giannozzo Manetti's manuscript omits "Deus" in Revelation 1:8 causing it to read exactly like the King James Version does today:

Ego sum alpha et omega principium et finis dicit dominus qui est, et qui erat, et qui venturus est, omnipotens.

Ego (I) sum (am) alpha (Alpha) et (and) omega (Omega) principium (the beginning) et (and) finis (the ending) dicit (saith) dominus (the Lord) qui (which) est, (is) et (and) qui (which) erat (was) et (and) qui (which) venturus (to come) est (is) omnipotens (the Almighty).

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

Greek Manuscripts

There are some late Greek manuscripts which do not have the word “God”, but many are during or after the age of reformation printing, but whether these are direct copies of printed Greek works or not needs to be determined.

Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 296

Minuscule 296 is a 16th century manuscript. [25]

Minuscule 1776 was made in 1791 and is housed at St. Panteleimon Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece.

Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 3006

Minuscule 3006 was written in 1717.

Minuscule 1903 was writen in 1636 in Xeropotamou Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece.

Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 2926

Minuscule 2926 is a 16th century manuscript. [26]

Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 2909

Minuscule 2909 is a 16th century manuscript.

Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 2049 [6].

Minuscule 2049 is from the 16th century and is housed at the Hellenic Parliament Library, Athens in Greece.

Minuscule 2050 is from the 12th century and omits ο θεός [27]:

εγω ειμι

το ἄλφα και το ὦ· αρχη και

τελος· ο ων και ο ην. και ο

ερχομενος ο παντοκρατορ·

It omits “λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός”, “says the Lord God”. Thus the “ὁ θεός” “God” is omitted.

Minuscule 2072 was written in 1798 and is housed in the Docheiariou Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece.

Minuscule 2656 was written in the 17th Century and is housed in the National Library, Athens in Greece.

Minuscule 2619 was written in the 19th Century and is housed in the St. Panteleimon Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece

Latin Manuscripts

There are at least 5 Latin manuscripts which omit the reading of “God”, "Book of Armagh (9th cent.), a 10th century Beatus manuscript, De Rosa (11th cent.), Latin 588 (12/13th cent.), and Takamiya MS 104 (13th cent.)."

Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45

Ethiopic

Revelation 1.8 1548-49 Ethiopic Bible [7].

Walton's Polyglot

Revelation 1:8 in the 1657 Waltons Polyglot Greek/Latin Interlinear [8].

Footnote at Revelation 1:8 in the 1657 Waltons Polyglot Greek/Latin Interlinear [9].

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Barnes' Notes on the Bible says:

I am Alpha and Omega - These are the first and the last letters of the Greek alphabet, and denote properly the first and the last. So in Revelation 22:13, where the two expressions are united, "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last." So in Revelation 1:17, the speaker says of himself, "I am the first and the last." Among the Jewish rabbis it was common to use the first and the last letters of the Hebrew alphabet to denote the whole of anything, from beginning to end. Thus, it is said, "Adam transgressed the whole law, from 'Aleph (א) to Taw (תּ)." "Abraham kept the whole law, from 'Aleph (א) to Taw (תּ)." The language here is what would properly denote "eternity" in the being to whom it is applied, and could be used in reference to no one but the true God. It means that he is the beginning and the end of all things; that he was at the commencement, and will be at the close; and it is thus equivalent to saying that he has always existed, and that he will always exist. Compare Isaiah 41:4, "I the Lord, the first, and with the last"; Isaiah 44:6, "I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God"; Isaiah 48:12, "I am he; I am the first, I also am the last." There can be no doubt that the language here would be naturally understood as implying divinity, and it could be properly applied to no one but the true God. The obvious interpretation here would be to apply this to the Lord Jesus; for:

(a) it is he who is spoken of in the verses preceding, and

(b) there can be no doubt that the same language is applied to him in Revelation 1:11.

As there is, however, a difference of reading in this place in the Greek text, and as it can. not be absolutely certain that the writer meant to refer to the Lord Jesus specifically here, this cannot be adduced with propriety as a proof-text to demonstrate his divinity. Many mss., instead of "Lord," κυρίος kurios, read "God," Θεὸς Theos and this reading is adopted by Griesbach, Tittman, and Hahn, and is now regarded as the correct reading. There is no real incongruity in supposing, also, that the writer here meant to refer to God as such, since the introduction of a reference to him would not be inappropriate to his manifest design. Besides, a portion of the language used here, "which is, and was, and is to come," is what would more naturally suggest a reference to God as such, than to the Lord Jesus Christ. See Revelation 1:4. The object for which this passage referring to the "first and the last - to him who was, and is, and is to come," is introduced here evidently is, to show that as he was clothed with omnipotence, and would continue to exist through all ages to come as he had existed in all ages past, there could be no doubt about his ability to execute all which it is said he would execute.

Saith the Lord - Or, saith God, according to what is now regarded as the correct reading.

Which is, and which was, ... - See the notes on Revelation 1:4.

The Almighty - An appellation often applied to God, meaning that he has all power, and used here to denote that he is able to accomplish what is disclosed in this book.

Gill's Notes on the Bible

Gill's Notes on the Bible says:

saith the Lord; that is, the Lord Jesus Christ; the Alexandrian copy, the Complutensian edition, and the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Arabic versions, read, "the Lord God"; and the Ethiopic version only God

Erasmus 1516

Revelation 1:8 in the 1516 annotations of Erasmus. [10].

English Bibles

1395 Yhe, Amen! Y am alpha and oo, the bigynnyng and the ende, seith the Lord God, that is, and that was, and that is to comynge, almyyti. (Wycliffe)
1534 I am Alpha and Omega the begynninge and the endinge sayth the Lorde almyghty which is and which was and which is to come. (Tyndale)
1535 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynninge and the endinge, sayteh ye LORDE almighty, which is and which was and which is to come. (Coverdale)
1537 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnynge and the endynge, sayeth the Lorde almyghty, whiche is, which was, and whiche is to come. (Matthew's)
1539 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endynge, sayth the Lorde almyghty, which is and which was, and which is to come. (Great)
1560 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie. (Geneva)
1568 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endyng, sayth the Lorde almyghtie, which is, and which was, and which is to come. (Bishop’s)
1611 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. (KJV)

Will Kinney

A certain Bible critic who does not believe that any Bible in any language is the inerrant words of God, points out what he thinks is a textual error in the King James Bible and the Reformation Bibles.

He says: “Textually, Erasmus omitted “God” in Revelation 1:8. TR editions didn’t catch this omission until the mid 1800’s, and so the KJV likewise omits “God” from the text. Despite the fact that no Greek manuscripts of the passage (except for two as I recall) which contain this passage have omitted this word. It is a clear textual mistake in the TR and KJV, whose history is easy to trace.”

So, let’s take a closer look at this verse and see if our Bible critic is right or not.

Revelation 1:8 KJB - “I am Alpha and Omega, THE BEGINNING AND THE ENDING, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.”

ESV (NASB, NIV, NET, Holman Standard, Jehovah Witness NWT, Catholic St. Joseph NAB, New Jerusalem bible) - “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord GOD, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”

The textual differences are the omission of the phrase “THE BEGINNING AND THE ENDING” in the Vatican supervised text versions, and the addition of the word GOD in the phrase “saith the Lord (God)”

First, let’s take a look at the additional word GOD.

Our critic tells us that this is a textual mistake in the Textus Receptus.

The King James Bible translators were well aware of the existence of the additional word GOD in the phrase “saith the Lord GOD” because it existed in the previous Wycliffe bible of 1395 and the Roman Catholic Douay Rheims N.T. of 1582.

They both read: “I am Alpha and Omega, THE BEGINNING AND THE END, saith the Lord GOD, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”

You will notice that it contains the words THE BEGINNING AND THE END, which the ESV, NIV, NASB etc. omit, and has the extra word GOD.

And Jerome’s Latin Vulgate of 382-405 A.D. also contains the phrase THE BEGINNING AND THE END as well as the extra word GOD.

8 Ego sum alpha et omega, principium et finis, dicit Dominus Deus: qui est, et qui erat, et qui venturus est, omnipotens.

Some earlier English Bibles read even differently. For example Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, The Great Bible 1540, Matthew’s Bible 1549, and the Bishops’ bible 1568 all read: “I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endyng, sayth the Lorde almyghtie, which is, and which was, and which is to come.”

Notice the inclusion of the words ‘the beginning and the ending” (which the modern Vatican Versions omit) and the placing of the word “Almighty” after “saith the Lord” instead of placing it at the end of the verse.

BUT there is NO additional word GOD.

So the previous English Bibles from Tyndale onward followed the same Greek texts as did the KJB. Some of them just had a slightly different word order.

Reading like the KJB is the Geneva Bible 1587 - “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie.”

The Book of Revelation has far more textual variants in it than any other book of the New Testament.

With all the additional textual information gathered by Erasmus, Stephanus, Beza, Elzevir and Stephanus, they all included the phrase “THE BEGINNING AND THE END” and did not include the extra word God.

This was not some accidental oversight, but a deliberate textual choice.

Even after the KJB was completed, the Greek TR of Elzevir 1624 read like the text that underlies the KJB - εγω ειμι το α και το ω αρχη και τελος λεγει ο κυριος ο ων και ο ην και ο ερχομενος ο παντοκρατωρ

https://www.bible.com/bible/182/REV.1.TR1624

The Modern Greek Bible also reads like the KJB - Εγω ειμαι το Α και το Ω, αρχη και τελος, λεγει ο Κυριος, ο ων και ο ην και ο ερχομενος, ο παντοκρατωρ.

https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/greek-modern/revelation/

Greek manuscripts 141 and 187 read as does the KJB and so does the 1569 Spanish Las Sagradas Escrituras and the 1602 Spanish Cipriano de Valera - “YO SOY el Alfa y la Omega: principio y fin, dice el Señor, el que es y que era y que ha de venir, el Todopoderoso.”

The Spanish Reina Valera 1909- 1995 still read this way - Yo soy el Alfa y la Omega, principio y fin», dice el Señor, el que es y que era y que ha de venir, el Todopoderoso.

Agreeing with how the KJB reads are all the previous English Bibles from Tyndale to the Geneva Bible including the Beza N.T. of 1599, Mace N.T. 1729, The Revised Translation 1815, Webster’s bible 1833, The Commonly Received Version 1851, The Smith Bible 1876, Young’s 1898, the NKJV 1982, The Koster Scriptures 1998, the Laurie Translation 1998, The Third Millennium Bible 1998, God’s First Truth 1999, The Last Days N.T. 1999, The Tomson N.T. 2002, Green’s Literal Translation 2005, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, the Jubilee Bible 2010, The Conservative Bible 2010, The Hebrew Transliteration Bible 2010 - “Anochi Alef ve Tav, the beginning and the ending, said Adonai, which is, and which was, and which is to come, Elohei Tzavot (Almighty).”, the Modern English Version 2014, and The New Matthew Bible 2016.

The Reformation Bibles read like the KJB. These include the French Martin Bible 1744, French Ostervald 1996, the Italian Diodati 1649 and La Nuova Diodati 1991 - “"Io sono lAlfa e lOmega, il principio, e la fine", dice il Signore "che , che era e che ha da venire, lOnnipotente”., the Portugues La Biblia Sagrada and the Portuguese Almeida 2009- Eu sou o Alfa e o Omega, o principio e o fim, diz o Senhor, que , e que era, e que h de vir, o Todo-Poderoso., Spanish Reina Valera 1909-1995, and the German Schlachter bible 2000 - “ Ich bin das A und das O, der Anfang und das Ende, spricht der Herr, der ist und der war und der kommt, der Allmächtige.”

John Ankerberg

John Ankerberg said in 2002:

What kind of mistakes? What kind of errors? Well, for example, Revelation 1:8, where the King James Version reads, “Saith the Lord,” where nearly every one of the thousands of Greek manuscripts reads “Says the Lord God.” Now, do you think it would be significant if the Lord Jesus Christ was called God but the King James translators deleted that from the text? What if that were the case with some of the modern translations? We’d never hear the end of it. But here, the King James translators made a simple mistake. It is an errant reading which has almost no Greek manuscript support for it at all, which can be cleared up just by looking at the vast majority of Greek copies that have come down to us.

Does that mean the King James translation is a bad one? No. But there were things that were not known in 1611 that are known today. Still, if you compare the Textus Receptus with some of the earlier Greek texts, like the Alexandrian and western texts, they’re almost identical. There’s only 2% of the text that is debated by scholars, and of the variants that they debate, none of these variants affect any essential Christian doctrine. [28]

David Cloud

Modern version proponents like to point out that the critical text adds the word “God” in Rev. 1:8. But consider the whole picture: Verse 8 in the critical text omits “the beginning and the ending.” Verse 9 omits “Christ” two times. Verse 11 omits “I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last.” The overall effect of the modern version rendering of Revelation chapter one is to weaken its testimony to Christ‘s deity as compared with the Greek Received Text and faithful translations such as the King James Bible. [29]

Jack Moorman

REVELATION 1:8

AV - saith the Lord

HF RP CR - saith the Lord God

Tyndale Great Genev a Bishops Steph. Beza Elz.

429 1894.

About 5 of Hoskier's cursives. Armenian: an early ms. [30]

Thomas Ross

The Received Text identifies Christ, the speaker in 1:8, 11, as the Almighty, the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the ending, the first and the last. The critical text, by adding the word “God” in v. 8 and omitting the phrases highlighted above in v. 8 and v. 11, change the speaker in v. 8 from Christ to the Father, and remove the testimony to Christ’s Deity from this passage. [31]

ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος

Chiastic structure

The pattern is also a Chiastic structure:

A.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος...Revelation 1:4

B.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος...Revelation 1:8

C.....ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος...Revelation 4:8

B.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος·..Revelation 11:17

A.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν, καὶ ὁ ἐσόμενος....Revelation 16:5

In English:

A.....which is, and which was, and which is to come Revelation 1:4

B.....which is, and which was, and which is to come Revelation 1:8

C.....which was, and is, and is to come Revelation 4:8

B.....which art, and wast, and art to come Revelation 11:17

A.....which art, and wast, and shalt be Revelation 16:5

Showing the tenses:

A.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 1:4

B.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 1:8

C.....past tense, present tense, future tense Revelation 4:8

B.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 11:17

A.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 16:5

Greek

Textus Receptus

Complutensian Polyglot

Revelation 1:8 in the 1514 Complutensian Polyglot. [11].

1514 εγώ ειμί/Τὸ άλφα και/Το ω, λέγει ὁ κύριος/ο θεός,/ο ων, και/ο ην, και/ο ερχομενος,/ὁ παντοκρατωρ. (Complutensian Polyglot)

Aldine

Image:Revelation 1 8 Aldine 1518.JPG

Revelation 1:8 in Greek in the 1518 Greek New Testament of Aldine

1518 (full title: Πάντα τὰ κατ᾿ ἐξοχὴν καλούμενα βιβλία, θείας δηλαδὴ γραφῆς παλαιᾶς τε καὶ νέας. Sacrae scripturae veteris novaeque omnia.)Aldine

Cephaleus

Image:Revelation 1.8 Cephaleus.JPG

Revelation 1:8 in Greek in the 1524 of Wolf Cephaleus

1524 (Wolf Cephaleus. Printed in Strassburg)

Desiderius Erasmus

Revelation 1:8 in the 1516 Greek of Erasmus. [12].

1. 1516 Ἐγώ εἰμϊ τὸ. ᾶ. καὶ τὸ. ῶ. ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος λέγει ὁ κύριος ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne)

e-rara.ch; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; GB

2. 1519 (Erasmus 2nd Novum Testamentum omne)

3. 1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne)

4. 1527 (Erasmus 4th Novum Testamentum omne)

Image:Revelation 1 8 Erasmus 1535.JPG

Revelation 1:8 in Greek in the 1535 Novum Testamentum omne of Erasmus

5. (Erasmus 5th Novum Testamentum omne)

Colinæus

Revelation 1:8 in Greek in the 1534 of Simon de Colines [13] Page 798.

1534 ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ. α. καὶ τὸ. ω, ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ κύριος, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Simon de Colines)

Sessa

Revelation 1:8 in Greek in the 1538 New Testament of Melchior Sessa. [14]

1538 (Printed by Ioannes Antonius de Sabio, funded by Melchior Sessa. Printed in Venice.)

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

Image:Revelation 1 8 Stephanus 1546.jpg

Revelation 1:8 in the 1546 Greek New Testament of Stephanus

1. 1546 Τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης ἅπαντα. Novum Testamentum. Ex bibliotheca regia (Paris: Robertus Stephanus). Hathi Trust

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1.L.29: ÖNB | GB

Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek, 999/Script.7: MDZ (See Also Nomina sacra)

Image:Revelation 1 8 Stephanus 1549.jpg

Revelation 1:8 in the 1549 Greek New Testament of Stephanus

2. 1549 Τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης ἅπαντα. Novum Testamentum. Ex bibliotheca regia (Paris: Robertus Stephanus).

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1.L.34: ÖNB

Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, BIB.TH.003654: GB

Revelation 1:8 in the 1550 Greek New Testament of Stephanus

3. 1550 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ κύριος ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ (Novum Testamentum Græce. 3rd edition. Paris. - Editio Regia)

4. 1551 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ κύριος ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ (Novum Testamentum Græce. 4th edition. Genevah)

Theodore Beza

1. 1556/57 In Latin (see below) - counted as Beza's first major edition. 1556 Edition and here. 1557 Edition Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2341

1559 unauthorised Basel edition - (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2347 e-rara & ULB Sachsen-Anhalt
1563: Beza’s Responsio against Castellio (referred to on the title page of the 1565 and 1582 editions): e-rara (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 150).

2. 1565 (Novum Testamentum,- counted as Beza's second major edition. Geneva)

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Revelation 1:8 in Beza's 1565 Greek New Testament

1565 (a special copy with Beza’s own handwritten notes in preparation of the third edition (MHR O4 cd (565) a):[32]
1565 Minor edition

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Revelation 1:8 in Beza's 1567 Greek New Testament

1567 Minor edition
1569: Tremellius’ Syriac NT, with Beza’s Greek and Latin text included: e-rara and Google
1575: a Latin-only edition which introduces Chapter summaries
1580 Minor edition and also another minor edition here

3. 1582 (Novum Testamentum. 2nd folio edition. Geneva.)

1590 Minor edition

4. 1588 (1588 e-rara] (Lausanne : Bibliothèque, shelf mark 2015);CSNTM; Archive; Google

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Revelation 1:8 in Beza's 1588 Greek New Testament

1590 (Beza Octavo 4th)
1594: the Annotationes printed separately: e-rara.

5. 1598 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω, ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ Κύριος, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. ([e-rara. Novum Testamentum. 5th. Geneva.])See Also Revelation 1:8 Beza 1598 (Beza)

Revelation 1:8 in Beza's 1598 Greek New Testament

Footnote at Revelation 1:8 in Latin in the 1598 New Testament of Beza

1604 Minor edition

Plantin Polyglot

1584

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Revelation 1:8 in Plantin's 1584 Greek Latin Polyglot

Elias Hutter

1599 (The Nuremberg Polyglot, by Elias Hutter published in Nuremberg).

Revelation 1:8 in Elias Hutter's 1599 Greek in his dodecaglot

Elzevir

1624 Isaac Elzevir of House of Elzevir, Novum Testamentum Græce. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: Ex officina Elzeviriana, 1624

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Revelation 1:8 in Elzevir's 1624 Greek New Testament [15]

1633 (Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum Græce, Isaac Elzevir of House of Elzevir, Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: Ex officina Elzeviriana, 1633) (Elzevir) edited by Jeremias Hoelzlin, Professor of Greek at Leiden.

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Revelation 1:8 in Elzevir's 1633 Greek New Testament

1641 (Elzevir 1641) (Elzevir)

1679 (Elzevir 1679) (Elzevir)

London Polyglot

1657 (London Polyglot by Brian Walton. Greek following the work of Robert Estienne's 1550 Textus Receptus)

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Revelation 1:8 in Brian Walton's 1657 Greek Latin Polyglot

John Mill

1707 ((By John Mill. Greek following the work of Robert Estienne's 1550 Textus Receptus))

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Revelation 1:8 in John Mill's 1707 Greek Novum Testamentum

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The Footnotes of Revelation 1:8 in John Mill's 1707 Greek Novum Testamentum

Scholz

1841 (Scholz)

Scrivener

1894 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω, ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ Κύριος, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ.

Other Greek

1857 (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
1872 ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ Α καί ὁ Ω λέγω κύριος ὁ θεός ὁ εἰμί καί ὁ εἰμί καί ὁ ἔρχομαι ὁ παντοκράτωρ (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
1881 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει Κύριος, ὁ θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Westcott & Hort)
1904 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω, λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Greek orthodox Church)
1904 Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ Παντοκράτωρ. (Nestle)

Anglo Saxon Translations

1000 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)

1200 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)

English Translations

1380 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

1395 Yhe, Amen! Y am alpha and oo, the bigynnyng and the ende, seith the Lord God, that is, and that was, and that is to comynge, almyyti. (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

1534 I am Alpha and Omega the begynninge and the endinge sayth the Lorde almyghty which is and which was and which is to come. (Tyndale Bible by William Tyndale)

1535 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynninge and the endinge, sayteh ye LORDE almighty, which is and which was and which is to come. (Coverdale Bible)

1539 (Great Bible First Edition - Miles Coverdale)

1540 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and þe endynge, sayth the Lorde almyghty, which is and which was, and which is to come. (Great Bible Second Edition - Miles Coverdale)

1549 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnynge and the endynge, sayeth the Lorde almyghty, whiche is, which was, and whiche is to come. (Matthew's Bible - John Rogers)

Revelation 1:8 in the 1557 Geneva Bible

1557 I* am" α and ω, that is the begynning and the ending, sayth the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, the almyghty I say.

Chap. 21.b. 22.c.

"Alpha and Omega are the fyrst and last letters of the a. b. c. of the Grekes. (Geneva 1557)

1560 (Geneva Bible) First Edition

Revelation 1:8 in the 1568 Bishop's Bible

1568 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endyng, sayth the Lorde almyghtie, which is, and which was, and which is to come. (Bishop's Bible First Edition

1582 (Rheims 1582)

1587 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie. (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

1599 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

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Revelation 1:8 in the 1611 King James Version

1611 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. (King James Version)

1729 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who will be, the almighty. (Mace New Testament)

1745 I am Alpha and Omega, saith the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)

1762 (King James Version)

1769 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. (King James Version - Benjamin Blayney)

1770 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Worsley Version by John Worsley)

1790 Yea. Amen. I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who cometh, the Almighty. (Wesley Version by John Wesley)

1795 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is coming—the Almighty. (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)

1833 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Webster Version - by Noah Webster)

1835 I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)

1849 I am Olaph and Thau, saith Aloha the Lord, who is, and who was, and who cometh, the Omnipotent. (Etheridge Translation by John Etheridge)

1850 (King James Version by Committee)

1851 (Murdock Translation)

1855 Calvin Bible by the Calvin Translation Society

1858 I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord God; the Is, and the Was, and the Is to come, the Almighty. (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by Leicester Sawyer)

1865 I am the Alpha and the Omega, says Lord the God, the one existing and the one who was and the one coming, the almighty. (The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson)

1865 I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, he who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)

1869 I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, he who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)

1873 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. (King James Version) by Frederick Scrivener)

1885 I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, which is and which was and which is to come, the Almighty. (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)

1890 I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith [the] Lord God, he who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Darby Version 1890 by John Darby)

1898 `I am the Alpha and the Omega, beginning and end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is coming -- the Almighty.' (Young's Literal Translation by Robert Young)

1901 I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty. (American Standard Version - Philip Schaff)

1902 I, am, the A, and, the Z, saith the Lord,––the, God who Is, and who Was, and who is Coming, The Almighty. (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)

1902 I am Alpha and Omega, says the Lord God, who is and who was, and who is coming, the Almighty. (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)

1904 "I am the Alpha and the Omega," saith the Lord God, Who is, and Who was, and Who is coming, the Almighty. (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by Adolphus Worrell)

1904 'I am the Alpha and the Omega,' says the Lord, the God who is, and who was, and who shall be, the Almighty. (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)

1911 (Syrus Scofield)

1912 (Weymouth New Testament)

1918 I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who comes, the Almighty. (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)

1923 (Edgar Goodspeed)

1982 (New King James Version)

1984 (New International Version)

1999 (American King James Version)AKJV

2005 (Today’s New International Version)

Foreign Language Versions

Arabic

انا هو الالف والياء البداية والنهاية يقول الرب الكائن والذي كان والذي يأتي القادر على كل شيء (Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)

Amharic

ያለውና የነበረው የሚመጣውም ሁሉንም የሚገዛ ጌታ አምላክ። አልፋና ዖሜጋ እኔ ነኝ ይላል።

Aramaic

ܐܢܐ ܐܠܦ ܘܬܘ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܘܐܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܐܚܝܕ ܟܠ (Aramaic Peshitta)

Basque

Ni naiz a eta w, erran nahi baita, hatsea eta fina, dio Iaunac, Denac, eta Cenac, eta Ethorteco denac, diot, Bothere gucitacoac.

Bulgarian

1940 Аз съм Алфа и Омега, казва Господ Бог, Който е, и Който е бил, и Който иде, Всемогъщият. (Bulgarian Bible)

Chinese

1 主神说：我是阿拉法，我是俄梅戛，（阿拉法，俄梅戛：是希利尼字母首末二字），是昔在、今在、以後永在的全能者。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))

1 主神說：我是阿拉法，我是俄梅戛，（阿拉法，俄梅戛：是希利尼字母首末二字），是昔在、今在、以後永在的全能者。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))

French

Moi, je suis l'alpha et l'oméga, dit le *Seigneur Dieu, celui qui est, et qui était, et qui vient, le Tout-puissant. (French Darby)

1744 Je suis l'Alpha et l'Oméga, le commencement et la fin, dit le Seigneur, QUI EST, QUI ÉTAIT, et QUI EST A VENIR, le Tout-Puissant. (Martin 1744)

1744 Je suis l'Alpha et l'Oméga, le commencement et la fin, dit le Seigneur, Celui QUI EST, et QUI ÉTAIT, et QUI SERA, le Tout-Puissant. (Ostervald 1744)

German

1545 Ich bin das A und das O, der Anfang und das Ende, spricht der HERR, der da ist, und der da war, und der da kommt, der Allmächtige. (Luther 1545)

1871 Ich bin das Alpha und das Omega, (Alpha und Omega (A und O) sind der erste und der letzte Buchstabe des griechischen Alphabets) spricht der Herr, Gott, (W. der Herr, der Gott) der da ist und der da war und der da kommt, der Allmächtige. (Elberfelder 1871)

1912 Ich bin das A und das O, der Anfang und das Ende, spricht Gott der HERR, der da ist und der da war und der da kommt, der Allmächtige. (Luther 1912)

Italian

1649 Io son l’Alfa, e l’Omega; il principio, e la fine, dice il Signore Iddio, che è, e che era, e che ha da venire, l’Onnipotente. (Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)

1927 Io son l’Alfa e l’Omega, dice il Signore Iddio che è, che era e che viene, l’Onnipotente. (Riveduta Bible 1927)

Japanese

1928 (Naoji Nagai)

Latin

Revelation 1:8 in the 1514 Complutensian Polyglot. [16].

Revelation 1:8 in the 1516 Latin of Erasmus. [17].

ego sum Alpha et Omega principium et finis dicit Dominus Deus qui est et qui erat et qui venturus est Omnipotens Latin Vulgate

1527 (Erasmus 1527)

1527 (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)

Pidgin

1996 (Pidgin King Jems)

Romainian

2010 ,,Eu sînt Alfa şi Omega, Începutul şi Sfîrşitul``, zice Domnul Dumnezeu, Cel ce este, Cel ce era şi Cel ce vine, Cel Atotputernic. (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)

Russian

1876 Я есмь Альфа и Омега, начало и конец, говорит Господь, Который есть и был игрядет, Вседержитель. Russian Synodal Version

Phonetically:

Spanish

Yo soy el Alpha y la Omega, principio y fin, dice el Señor, que es y que era y que ha de venir, el Todopoderoso. (RVG Spanish)

Swedish

1917 Jag är A och O, säger Herren Gud, han som är, och som var, och som skall komma, den Allsmäktige. (Swedish - Svenska 1917)

Tagalog

1905 Ako ang Alpha at ang Omega, sabi ng Panginoong Dios, ngayon at nang nakaraan at sa darating, ang Makapangyarihan sa lahat. (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)

Tok Pisin

1996 (Tok Pisin King Jems)

Vietnamese

1934 Chúa là Ðức Chúa Trời, Ðấng Hiện Có, Ðã Có, Và Còn Ðến, là Ðấng Toàn năng, phán rằng: Ta là An-pha và Ô-mê-ga. (VIET)

Welsh

1567 (William Salesbury, printed in 1567 by Humphrey Toy)

Revelation 1:8 in the 1588 Welsh Bible[18].

1588 (William Morgan)
1620 Mi yw Alffa ac Omega, y dechrau a’r diwedd, medd yr Arglwydd, yr hwn sydd, a’r hwn oedd, a’r hwn sydd i ddyfod, yr Hollalluog. (William Morgan)
1824
1988 (New Welsh Bible)
2004
2011 (beibl.net 2011 by Arfon Jones)

External Links

Will Kinney on Revelation 1:8 - Beginning and the Ending

The King James Version 2023 Edition New Testament is now complete and in print format here.

Internal Links

Old Testament - New Testament KJV 1900

New Testament KJV 2016

Scrivener's 1894 Textus Receptus

2016 Urdu New Testament (TR Based)

Russian Synodal Version (TR Based)

Reina Valera Gómez Spanish (TR Based)

Marginal Notes in the 1611 Authorized Version

Ephesians 3:9

Why We Should Not Passover Easter 1, 2, & 3

Will Kinney

List of TR/KJV based foreign bibles

List of New Testament minuscules

List of New Testament lectionaries

List of New Testament Papyri

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List of New Testament minuscules

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List of New Testament uncials

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List of New Testament lectionaries

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New book available with irrefutable evidence for the reading in the TR and KJV.

Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Authorized Version

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Verses in Revelation 1}}
-'''Revelation 1:8''' [[1473|I]] [[1510|am]] [[1|Alpha]] [[2532|and]] [[5598|Omega]], [[746|the beginning]] [[2532|and]] [[5056|the ending]], [[3004|saith]] [[2962|the Lord]], [[3588|which]] [[5607|is]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|which]] [[2258|was]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|which]] [[2064|is to come]], [[3588|the]] [[3841|Almighty]].
-<small>''([[King James Version]] [[Pure Cambridge Edition]])''</small>
+<center><< - [[Revelation 1:7]] - [[Revelation 1:9]] - >></center>
-==Textus Receptus==
+* '''[[Revelation 1:8 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ 1:8]]''' [[1473|Ἐγώ]] [[1510|εἰμι]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[1|Α]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[5598|Ω]], [[746|ἀρχὴ]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[5056|τέλος]], [[3004|λέγει]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2962|Κύριος]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[5607|ὢν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2258|ἦν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2064|ἐρχόμενος]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[3841|παντοκράτωρ]]. (Checked)
-[[1550 AD|1550]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ κύριος ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ
+{{Textus Receptus 1598 Footer}}
-==English Translations==
+* '''Revelation 1:8''' [[1473|I]] [[1510|am]] [[1|Alpha]] [[2532|and]] [[5598|Omega]], [[746|the beginning]] [[2532|and]] [[5056|the ending]], [[3004|saith]] [[2962|the Lord]], [[3588|which]] [[5607|is]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|which]] [[2258|was]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|which]] [[2064|is to come]], [[3588|the]] [[3841|Almighty]].
-(KJV) I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
+{{King James Version Pure Cambridge Edition Footer}}
-(1611 KJV) I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
+*'''[[Revelation 1:8 King James Version 2016|Revelation 1:8]]''' “[[1473|I]] [[1510|am]] [[1|Alpha]] [[2532|and]] [[5598|Omega]], [[746|the Beginning]] [[2532|and]] [[5056|the End]],” [[3004|says]] [[2962|the Lord]], “[[3588|who]] [[5607|is]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|who]] [[2258|was]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|who]] [[2064|is to come]], [[3588|the]] [[3841|Almighty]].”
-(1560 Geneva Bible) I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie.
+{{King James Version 2016 Edition}}
+==Interlinear==
-(1382 Wycliffe) Yhe, Amen! Y am alpha and oo, the bigynnyng and the ende, seith the Lord God, that is, and that was, and that is to comynge, almyyti.
+==Commentary==
+Revelation 1:8 is the eighth verse of the first chapter of the [[Book of Revelation]] in the [[New Testament]]. Most modern English bibles differ from the King James Version here. For example:
-----
+:Revelation 1:8 (KJV) I am Alpha and Omega, '''<u>the beginning and the ending</u>''', saith the Lord '''<u>(omit)</u>''', which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
+:Revelation 1:8 (NIV) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," '''<u>(omit)</u>''' says the Lord '''<u>God</u>''', "who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty."
+===ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος===
 Sinaiticus omits "ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος"
-Counterfeit Versions that follow the corrupt Sinaiticus:
-(NIV) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty."
+====ο θεός====
-(NASV) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty."
+====Tertullian Against Praxaes chapter 17====
+Tertullian in Against Praxaes chapter 17 says:
+: Interim, hic mihi promotum sit responsum adversus id quod et de Apocalypsi Joannis proferunt: '''<u>Ego Dominus qui est, et qui fuit, et venit omnipotens;</u>''' et sicubi alibi Dei omnipotentis appellationem non putant etiam Filio convenire: quasi qui venturus est, non sit 0177A omnipotens, cum et Filius omnipotentis tam omnipotens sit , quam Deus Dei Filius.[https://catholiclibrary.org/library/view?docId=/Synchronized-EN/anf.000073.Tertullian.AgainstPraxeas.html&chunk.id=00000037]
-(THE MESSAGE) The Master declares, "I'm A to Z. I'm The God Who Is, The God Who Was, and The God About to Arrive. I'm the Sovereign-Strong."
+Translated by Schaff as:
-(AMP) I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, says the Lord God, He Who is and Who was and Who is to come, the Almighty (the Ruler of all).
+:Meanwhile, let this be my immediate answer to the argument which they adduce from the Revelation of John: '''<u>I am the Lord which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty;</u>'''  [ Revelation 1:8 ] and from all other passages which in their opinion make the designation of Almighty God unsuitable to the Son. As if, indeed, He which is to come were not almighty; whereas even the Son of the Almighty is as much almighty as the Son of God is God. [https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs51unkngoog/page/n104/mode/2up]
-(ESV) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty."
+Interestingly, this chapter is titled "''Chapter XVII.—Sundry August Titles, Descriptive of Deity, Applied to the Son, Not, as Praxeas Would Have It, Only to the Father.''" One would think that if Tertullian was indicating that Jesus is God and has titles of deity, if "God" was there, he would certainly not overlook it. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3uoqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA173&lpg=PA173&dq=%22Meanwhile,+let+this+be+my+immediate+answer+to+the+argument+which+they+adduce+from+the+Revelation+of+John%22&source=bl&ots=2GZcQNkGnz&sig=ACfU3U2xbjcT9mp-Z0RirJkt87o8_mf8rg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwins6KuuIaCAxVaslYBHSU5DFQQ6AF6BAhNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Meanwhile%2C%20let%20this%20be%20my%20immediate%20answer%20to%20the%20argument%20which%20they%20adduce%20from%20the%20Revelation%20of%20John%22&f=false]
-(CEV) The Lord God says, "I am Alpha and Omega, the one who is and was and is coming. I am God All-Powerful!"
+This is translated into Greek as:
+:Εν τω μεταξύ αυτή ας είναι η προετοιμασμένη απόκρισή μου κατά εκείνων που ισχυρίζονται από την Αποκάλυψη του Ιωάννη: '''<u>"Εγώ είμαι ο Κύριος, εκείνος που είναι και που ήταν και που έρχεται, ο Παντοκράτορας",</u>''' και από οπουδήποτε αλλού όπου νομίζουν ότι ο χαρακτηρισμός "παντοκράτορας" δεν είναι αρμόζων για τον Γιο· σαν να μην ήταν εκείνος που έρχεται παντοκράτορας, καθώς ο Γιος του Παντοκράτορα δεν είναι λιγότερο παντοκράτορας απ' ό,τι ο Γιος του Θεού είναι θεός.[https://e-homoreligiosus.blogspot.com/2010/06/tertullian-names-of-father-son.html]
-(NCV) The Lord God says, "I am the Alpha and the Omega. I am the One who is and was and is coming. I am the Almighty."
+====Origen====
-(1901 ASV) I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.
+====Beatus of Liébana====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Beatus of Liébana 1915 Cover.JPG|250px|thumb|right|The cover of Beatus of Liébana translated in 1915 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024256011&view=1up&seq=3].]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Beatus of Liébana 1915.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Beatus of Liébana translated in 1915 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024256011&view=1up&seq=10].]]
+Spanish theologian Beatus of Liébana (730 – 800), wrote a popular commentary on the book of Revelation titled, “Commentaria In Apocalypsin.” The date of Beatus’ readings may go as far back as 360 A. D. as Beautus relied on Tyconius' commentary on Revelation. It was hugely widespread in Europe and 31 manuscripts have survived. Considered together, the Beatus codices are among the most important Spanish medieval manuscripts and have been the subject of extensive scholarly and antiquarian enquiry. In the book "''A new text of the Apocalypse from Spain. Extracted and translated from the Latin text of the Morgan ms. of the eighth century commentary of the Spanish presbyter Beatus, by E. S. Buchanan''" which was translated in 1915, he has:
-(HCSB) "I am the Alpha and the Omega, "says the Lord God, "the One who is, who was, and who is coming, the Almighty."
+:I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
-(RSV) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.
+This is identical to how the King James Version translated this section.
-(NAB-Roman Catholic) "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty."
+====[[Book of Armagh]]====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Book of Armagh.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the Book of Armagh. [https://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/concern/works/3j333696h?locale=en].]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Book of Armagh Printed.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the Printed Book of Armagh. [https://archive.org/details/cu31924091179337/page/315/mode/1up].]]
-(NWT-Jehovah’s Witnesses) “I am the Al´pha and the O·me´ga,” says Jehovah God, “the One who is and who was and who is coming, the Almighty.”
+The Latin [[Book of Armagh]] (Codex Ardmachanus, Liber Ardmachanus, Canon of Patrick) of [[807 AD]] reads as does the Textus Receptus and King James Version:
-==Interlinear==
+:ego sum alfa ''et'' ω p''r''incipium ''et'' finis.,.,.,
-==Commentary==
+:d''ici''t d''omi''n''u''s qui''est'' ''et'' qui erat ''et''uenit omnipotens
-==Greek==
+:ego (I) sum (am) alfa (Alpha) ''et'' (and) ω (Omega) p''r''incipium (the beginning) ''et'' (and) finis (the ending) .,.,.,
+:d''ici''t (saith) d''omi''n''u''s (the Lord) qui''est'' (which is) ''et'' (and) qui (which) erat (was) ''et''uenit (and is to come) omnipotens (the Almighty)
+When translated, the reading is practically identical with the King James Version. The only difference being an omission "which" in the third part of the triadic declaration, which I am not sure is needed to convey the same meaning as the KJV.
+====Giannozzo Manetti's Manuscript====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Manetti:Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45 [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bav_pal_lat_45/0323/image,info Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45].]]
+Before the time of Erasmus, around 1455, one of the most prominent intellectuals and contemporary with [[Lorenzo Valla]], [[Giannozzo Manetti]] (1396-1459) completed the first Latin translation of the New Testament[https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bav_pal_lat_45/0323/image,info] based primarily on Greek manuscripts since the time of Jerome.[https://www.thetextofthegospels.com/2021/12/manetti-and-greek-new-testament.html] Some manuscripts Manetti used:
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Minuscule 171.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 171 which reads “o theos” (God) [https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Pal.gr.171].]]
+: [[Minuscule 171]] which is a full Greek New Testament
+: [[Minuscule 156]] Greek Gospels
+: [[Minuscule 229]] a diglot, Greek-Latin, manuscript of the Gospels.
+: A supplemental Latin manuscript also used, Pal. Lat.18, containing a Vulgate text of the Old Testament and New Testament.
+Giannozzo Manetti's manuscript omits "Deus" in Revelation 1:8 causing it to read exactly like the King James Version does today:
+:Ego sum alpha et omega principium et finis dicit dominus qui est, et qui erat, et qui venturus est, omnipotens.
+:Ego (I) sum (am) alpha (Alpha) et (and) omega (Omega) principium (the beginning) et (and) finis (the ending) dicit (saith) dominus (the Lord) qui (which) est, (is) et (and) qui (which) erat (was) et (and) qui (which) venturus (to come) est (is) omnipotens (the Almighty).
+[[1473|I]] [[1510|am]] [[1|Alpha]] [[2532|and]] [[5598|Omega]], [[746|the beginning]] [[2532|and]] [[5056|the ending]], [[3004|saith]] [[2962|the Lord]], [[3588|which]] [[5607|is]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|which]] [[2258|was]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|which]] [[2064|is to come]], [[3588|the]] [[3841|Almighty]].
+====Greek Manuscripts====
+There are some late Greek manuscripts which do not have the word “God”, but many are during or after the age of reformation printing, but whether these are direct copies of printed Greek works or not needs to be determined.
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Minuscule 296.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 296]]
+:[[Minuscule 296]] is a 16th century manuscript. [https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_296]
+:[[Minuscule 1776]] was made in [[1791 AD|1791]] and is housed at St. Panteleimon Monastery, Mount Athos	in Greece.
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Minuscule 3006.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 3006]]
+:[[Minuscule 3006]] was written in [[1717 AD|1717]].
+:[[Minuscule 1903]] was writen in [[1636 AD|1636]] in Xeropotamou Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece.
+:[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Minuscule 2926.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 2926]]
+:[[Minuscule 2926]] is a 16th century manuscript. [https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_2926]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Minuscule 2909.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 2909]]
+:[[Minuscule 2909]] is a 16th century manuscript.
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Minuscule 2049.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in Minuscule 2049 [https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_2049].]]
+:[[Minuscule 2049]] is from the 16th century and is housed at the Hellenic Parliament Library, Athens in Greece.
+:[[Minuscule 2050]] is from the 12th century and omits ο θεός [https://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/community/vmr/api/transcript/get/?docID=32050&indexContent=Rev%201%3A1-11&pageID=30&format=html&fbclid=IwAR3kfMDkn_tXwiybM0UBKb5dSoURgrJQL568uQtt-HuN8-QnLnWnYrDe5Ec]:
+:εγω ειμι
+:το ἄλφα και το ὦ· αρχη και
+:τελος· ο ων και ο ην. και ο
+:ερχομενος ο παντοκρατορ·
+It omits “λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός”, “says the Lord God”. Thus the “ὁ θεός” “God” is omitted.
+:[[Minuscule 2072]] was written in [[1798 AD|1798]] and is housed in the Docheiariou Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece.
+:[[Minuscule 2656]] was written in the 17th Century and is housed in the National Library, Athens in Greece.
+:[[Minuscule 2619]] was written in the 19th Century and is housed in the St. Panteleimon Monastery, Mount Athos in Greece
+====Latin Manuscripts====
+There are at least 5 Latin manuscripts which omit the reading of “God”, "Book of Armagh (9th cent.), a 10th century Beatus manuscript, De Rosa (11th cent.), Latin 588 (12/13th cent.), and Takamiya MS 104 (13th cent.)."
+[https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bav_pal_lat_45/0323/image,info Vatikan, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 45]
+====Ethiopic====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 1548-49 Ethiopic Bible.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Revelation 1.8 1548-49 Ethiopic Bible [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_KPNa9Mc5gjYC/page/n251/mode/1up?view=theater].]]
+====Walton's Polyglot====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Waltons Polyglot 1657 Greek - Latin Interlinear.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the 1657 Waltons Polyglot Greek/Latin Interlinear [https://archive.org/details/WaltPoly1PrologVariantReadings/WaltPoly10_John-Rev/page/n216/mode/1up].]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Waltons Polyglot 1657 Greek - Latin Interlinear Footnote.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Footnote at Revelation 1:8 in the 1657 Waltons Polyglot Greek/Latin Interlinear [https://archive.org/details/WaltPoly1PrologVariantReadings/WaltPoly10_John-Rev/page/n216/mode/1up].]]
+====Barnes' Notes on the Bible====
+Barnes' Notes on the Bible says:
+:I am Alpha and Omega - These are the first and the last letters of the Greek alphabet, and denote properly the first and the last. So in Revelation 22:13, where the two expressions are united, "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last." So in Revelation 1:17, the speaker says of himself, "I am the first and the last." Among the Jewish rabbis it was common to use the first and the last letters of the Hebrew alphabet to denote the whole of anything, from beginning to end. Thus, it is said, "Adam transgressed the whole law, from 'Aleph (א) to Taw (תּ)." "Abraham kept the whole law, from 'Aleph (א) to Taw (תּ)." The language here is what would properly denote "eternity" in the being to whom it is applied, and could be used in reference to no one but the true God. It means that he is the beginning and the end of all things; that he was at the commencement, and will be at the close; and it is thus equivalent to saying that he has always existed, and that he will always exist. Compare Isaiah 41:4, "I the Lord, the first, and with the last"; Isaiah 44:6, "I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God"; Isaiah 48:12, "I am he; I am the first, I also am the last." There can be no doubt that the language here would be naturally understood as implying divinity, and it could be properly applied to no one but the true God. The obvious interpretation here would be to apply this to the Lord Jesus; for:
+:(a) it is he who is spoken of in the verses preceding, and
+:(b) there can be no doubt that the same language is applied to him in Revelation 1:11.
+:As there is, however, a difference of reading in this place in the Greek text, and as it can. not be absolutely certain that the writer meant to refer to the Lord Jesus specifically here, this cannot be adduced with propriety as a proof-text to demonstrate his divinity. Many mss., instead of "Lord," κυρίος kurios, read "God," Θεὸς Theos and this reading is adopted by Griesbach, Tittman, and Hahn, and is now regarded as the correct reading. There is no real incongruity in supposing, also, that the writer here meant to refer to God as such, since the introduction of a reference to him would not be inappropriate to his manifest design. Besides, a portion of the language used here, "which is, and was, and is to come," is what would more naturally suggest a reference to God as such, than to the Lord Jesus Christ. See Revelation 1:4. The object for which this passage referring to the "first and the last - to him who was, and is, and is to come," is introduced here evidently is, to show that as he was clothed with omnipotence, and would continue to exist through all ages to come as he had existed in all ages past, there could be no doubt about his ability to execute all which it is said he would execute.
+:Saith the Lord - Or, saith God, according to what is now regarded as the correct reading.
+:Which is, and which was, ... - See the notes on Revelation 1:4.
+:The Almighty - An appellation often applied to God, meaning that he has all power, and used here to denote that he is able to accomplish what is disclosed in this book.
+====Gill's Notes on the Bible====
+Gill's Notes on the Bible says:
+:saith the Lord; that is, the Lord Jesus Christ; the Alexandrian copy, the Complutensian edition, and the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Arabic versions, read, "the Lord God"; and the Ethiopic version only God
+===Erasmus 1516===
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Erasmus 1516 Annotations.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1516 AD|1516]] annotations of Erasmus. [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/zoom/896539].]]
+====English Bibles====
+* 1395 Yhe, Amen! Y am alpha and oo, the bigynnyng and the ende, seith the Lord '''<u>God</u>''', that is, and that was, and that is to comynge, almyyti. (Wycliffe)
+* 1534 I am Alpha and Omega the begynninge and the endinge sayth the Lorde almyghty which is and which was and which is to come. (Tyndale)
+* 1535 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynninge and the endinge, sayteh ye LORDE almighty, which is and which was and which is to come. (Coverdale)
+* 1537 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnynge and the endynge, sayeth the Lorde almyghty, whiche is, which was, and whiche is to come. (Matthew's)
+* 1539 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endynge, sayth the Lorde almyghty, which is and which was, and which is to come. (Great)
+* 1560 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie. (Geneva)
+* 1568 I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endyng, sayth the Lorde almyghtie, which is, and which was, and which is to come. (Bishop’s)
+* 1611 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. (KJV)
+====Will Kinney====
+A certain Bible critic who does not believe that any Bible in any language is the inerrant words of God, points out what he thinks is a textual error in the King James Bible and the Reformation Bibles.
+He says: “Textually, Erasmus omitted “God” in Revelation 1:8. TR editions didn’t catch this omission until the mid 1800’s, and so the KJV likewise omits “God” from the text. Despite the fact that no Greek manuscripts of the passage (except for two as I recall) which contain this passage have omitted this word. It is a clear textual mistake in the TR and KJV, whose history is easy to trace.”
+So, let’s take a closer look at this verse and see if our Bible critic is right or not.
+Revelation 1:8 KJB - “I am Alpha and Omega, THE BEGINNING AND THE ENDING, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.”
+ESV (NASB, NIV, NET, Holman Standard, Jehovah Witness NWT, Catholic St. Joseph NAB, New Jerusalem bible) - “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord GOD, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”
+The textual differences are the omission of the phrase “THE BEGINNING AND THE ENDING” in the Vatican supervised text versions, and the addition of the word GOD  in the phrase “saith the Lord (God)”
+First, let’s take a look at the additional word GOD.
+Our critic tells us that this is a textual mistake in the Textus Receptus.
+The King James Bible translators were well aware of the existence of the additional word GOD in the phrase “saith the Lord GOD” because it existed in the previous Wycliffe bible of 1395 and the Roman Catholic Douay Rheims N.T. of 1582.
+They both read: “I am Alpha and Omega, THE BEGINNING AND THE END,  saith the Lord GOD, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”
+You will notice that it contains the words THE BEGINNING AND THE END, which the ESV, NIV, NASB etc. omit, and has the extra word GOD.
+And Jerome’s Latin Vulgate of 382-405 A.D. also contains the phrase THE BEGINNING AND THE END as well as the extra word GOD.
+Ego sum alpha et omega, principium et finis, dicit Dominus Deus: qui est, et qui erat, et qui venturus est, omnipotens.
+Some earlier English Bibles read even differently. For example Tyndale 1525, Coverdale 1535, The Great Bible 1540, Matthew’s Bible 1549, and the Bishops’ bible 1568 all read: “I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endyng, sayth the Lorde almyghtie, which is, and which was, and which is to come.”
+Notice the inclusion of the words ‘the beginning and the ending” (which the modern Vatican Versions omit) and the placing of the word “Almighty” after “saith the Lord” instead of placing it at the end of the verse.
+BUT there is NO additional word GOD.
+So the previous English Bibles from Tyndale onward followed the same Greek texts as did the KJB. Some of them just had a slightly different word order.
+Reading like the KJB is the Geneva Bible 1587 - “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie.”
+The Book of Revelation has far more textual variants in it than any other book of the New Testament.
+With all the additional textual information gathered by Erasmus, Stephanus, Beza, Elzevir and Stephanus, they all included the phrase “THE BEGINNING AND THE END” and did not include the extra word God.
+This was not some accidental oversight, but a deliberate textual choice.
+Even after the KJB was completed, the Greek TR of Elzevir 1624 read like the text that underlies the KJB - εγω ειμι το α και το ω αρχη και τελος λεγει ο κυριος ο ων και ο ην και ο ερχομενος ο παντοκρατωρ
+https://www.bible.com/bible/182/REV.1.TR1624
+The Modern Greek Bible also reads like the KJB -
+Εγω ειμαι το Α και το Ω, αρχη και τελος, λεγει ο Κυριος, ο ων και ο ην και ο ερχομενος, ο παντοκρατωρ.
+https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/greek-modern/revelation/
+Greek manuscripts 141 and 187 read as does the KJB and so does the 1569 Spanish Las Sagradas Escrituras and the 1602 Spanish Cipriano de Valera - “YO SOY el Alfa y la Omega: principio y fin, dice el Señor, el que es y que era y que ha de venir, el Todopoderoso.”
+The Spanish Reina Valera 1909- 1995 still read this way - Yo soy el Alfa y la Omega, principio y fin», dice el Señor, el que es y que era y que ha de venir, el Todopoderoso.
+Agreeing with how the KJB reads are all the previous English Bibles from Tyndale to the Geneva Bible including the Beza N.T. of 1599, Mace N.T. 1729, The Revised Translation 1815, Webster’s bible 1833, The Commonly Received Version 1851, The Smith Bible 1876, Young’s 1898, the NKJV 1982, The Koster Scriptures 1998, the Laurie Translation 1998, The Third Millennium Bible 1998, God’s First Truth 1999, The Last Days N.T. 1999, The Tomson N.T. 2002, Green’s Literal Translation 2005, The Revised Geneva Bible 2005, the Jubilee Bible 2010, The Conservative Bible 2010, The Hebrew Transliteration Bible 2010 - “Anochi  Alef ve Tav, the beginning and the ending, said Adonai, which is, and which was, and which is to come, Elohei Tzavot (Almighty).”, the Modern English Version 2014, and The New Matthew Bible 2016.
+The Reformation Bibles read like the KJB. These include the French Martin Bible 1744, French Ostervald 1996, the Italian Diodati 1649 and La Nuova Diodati 1991 - “"Io sono lAlfa e lOmega, il principio, e la fine", dice il Signore "che , che era e che ha da venire, lOnnipotente”., the Portugues La Biblia Sagrada and the Portuguese Almeida 2009- Eu sou o Alfa e o Omega, o principio e o fim, diz o Senhor, que , e que era, e que h de vir, o Todo-Poderoso., Spanish Reina Valera 1909-1995,  and the German Schlachter bible 2000 - “ Ich bin das A und das O, der Anfang und das Ende, spricht der Herr, der ist und der war und der kommt, der Allmächtige.”
+====John Ankerberg====
+John Ankerberg said in 2002:
+:What kind of mistakes? What kind of errors? Well, for example, Revelation 1:8, where the King James Version reads, “Saith the Lord,” where nearly every one of the thousands of Greek manuscripts reads “Says the Lord God.” Now, do you think it would be significant if the Lord Jesus Christ was called God but the King James translators deleted that from the text? What if that were the case with some of the modern translations? We’d never hear the end of it. But here, the King James translators made a simple mistake. It is an errant reading which has almost no Greek manuscript support for it at all, which can be cleared up just by looking at the vast majority of Greek copies that have come down to us.
+:Does that mean the King James translation is a bad one? No. But there were things that were not known in 1611 that are known today. Still, if you compare the Textus Receptus with some of the earlier Greek texts, like the Alexandrian and western texts, they’re almost identical. There’s only 2% of the text that is debated by scholars, and of the variants that they debate, none of these variants affect any essential Christian doctrine. [https://jashow.org/articles/the-king-james-controversy-revisited-program-3/]
+====David Cloud====
+:Modern version proponents like to point out that the critical text adds the word “God” in Rev. 1:8. But consider the whole picture: Verse 8 in the critical text omits “the beginning and the ending.” Verse 9 omits “Christ” two times. Verse 11 omits “I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last.” The overall effect of the modern version rendering of Revelation chapter one is to weaken its testimony to Christ‘s deity as compared with the Greek Received Text and faithful translations such as the King James Bible. [https://www.wayoflife.org/free_ebooks/downloads/answering_the_myths.pdf]
+====Jack Moorman====
+:REVELATION 1:8
+:AV - saith the Lord
+:HF RP CR - saith the Lord God
+:Tyndale Great Genev a Bishops Steph. Beza Elz.
+:429 1894.
+:About 5 of Hoskier's cursives. Armenian: an early ms. [https://www.scribd.com/document/450640138/Moorman-Jack-WHEN-THE-KJV-DEPARTS-FROM-THE-MAJORITY-TEXT]
+====Thomas Ross====
+:The Received Text identifies Christ, the speaker in 1:8, 11, as the Almighty, the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the ending, the first and the last.  The critical text, by adding the word “God” in v. 8 and omitting the phrases highlighted above in v. 8 and v. 11, change the speaker in v. 8 from Christ to the Father, and remove the testimony to Christ’s Deity from this passage. [https://faithsaves.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Syllabus-Bible-Texts-Versions-Manuscript-Evidence-Preservation.pdf]
+===ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὢν  καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος===
+====[[Chiastic structure]]====
+The pattern is also a [[Chiastic structure]]:
+:A.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν  καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος...Revelation 1:4
+::B.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν  καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος...Revelation 1:8
+:::C.....ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὢν  καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος...Revelation 4:8
+::B.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν  καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος·..Revelation 11:17
+:A.....ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν, καὶ ὁ ἐσόμενος....Revelation 16:5
+In English:
+:A.....which is, and which was, and which is to come Revelation 1:4
+::B.....which is, and which was, and which is to come Revelation 1:8
+:::C.....which was, and is, and is to come Revelation 4:8
+::B.....which art, and wast, and art to come Revelation 11:17
+:A.....which art, and wast, and shalt be Revelation 16:5
+Showing the tenses:
+:A.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 1:4
+::B.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 1:8
+:::C.....'''past''' tense, '''present''' tense, '''future''' tense Revelation 4:8
+::B.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 11:17
+:A.....present tense, past tense, future tense Revelation 16:5
+==Greek==
 ====Textus Receptus====
+====[[Complutensian Polyglot]]====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Complutensian Polyglot 1514.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1514 AD|1514]] Complutensian Polyglot. [https://archive.org/details/complutensianpolyglot/pdf%20spanish/5/Imgenes397a496/page/n13/mode/2up].]]
+* [[1514 AD|1514]] εγώ ειμί/Τὸ άλφα και/Το ω, λέγει ὁ κύριος/ο θεός,/ο ων, και/ο ην, και/ο ερχομενος,/ὁ παντοκρατωρ. ([[Complutensian Polyglot]])
-* [[1514 AD|1514]] ([[Complutensian Polyglot]])
+====[[Aldine]]====
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Aldine_1518.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in [[Greek]] in the [[1518 AD|1518]] Greek New Testament of [[Aldine]]</small>]]
+* [[1518 AD|1518]] <small>(full title: ''Πάντα τὰ κατ᾿ ἐξοχὴν καλούμενα βιβλία, θείας δηλαδὴ γραφῆς παλαιᾶς τε καὶ νέας. Sacrae scripturae veteris novaeque omnia''.)[[Aldine]]</small>
+====Cephaleus====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Cephaleus.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in [[Greek]] in the [[1524 AD|1524]] of [[Wolf Cephaleus]]</small>]]
+* [[1524 AD|1524]] <small>(Wolf Cephaleus. Printed in Strassburg)</small>
 ====[[Desiderius Erasmus]]====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Erasmus 1516.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1516 AD|1516]] Greek of Erasmus. [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/zoom/896107].]]
+* '''1'''. [[1516 AD|1516]] [[1473|Ἐγώ]] [[1510|εἰμϊ]] [[3588|τὸ]]. [[1|ᾶ]]. [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]]. [[5598|ῶ]]. [[746|ἀρχὴ]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[5056|τέλος]] [[3004|λέγει]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2962|κύριος]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[5607|ὢν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2258|ἦν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2064|ἐρχόμενος]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[3841|παντοκράτωρ]]. {{Erasmus First Edition}}
-* [[1516 AD|1516]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 1st [[Novum Instrumentum omne]])
+* '''2'''. [[1519 AD|1519]] {{Erasmus Second Edition}}
-* [[1519 AD|1519]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 2nd)
-* [[1522 AD|1522]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 3rd [[Novum Testamentum omne]])
+* '''3'''. [[1522 AD|1522]] {{Erasmus Third Edition}}
-* [[1527 AD|1527]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 4th)
-* [[1535 AD|1535]] ([[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]] 5th)
+* '''4'''. [[1527 AD|1527]] {{Erasmus Forth Edition}}
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Erasmus_1535.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in [[Greek]] in the [[1535 AD|1535]] [[Novum Testamentum omne]] of [[Desiderius Erasmus|Erasmus]]]]
+* '''5'''. {{Erasmus Fifth Edition}}
 ====Colinæus====
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Colines_1534.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in [[Greek]] in the [[1534 AD|1534]] of [[Simon de Colines]] [https://confessionalbibliology.com/PDFs/Colines%201534%20Greek%20NT.pdf] Page 798.]]
+* [[1534 AD|1534]] [[1473|ἐγώ]] [[1510|εἰμι]] [[3588|τὸ]]. [[1|<span style="text-decoration: overline">α</span>]]. [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]]. [[5598|<span style="text-decoration: overline">ω</span>]], [[746|ἀρχὴ]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[5056|τέλος]], [[3004|λέγει]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2962|κύριος]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[5607|ὢν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2258|ἦν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2064|ἐρχόμενος]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[3841|παντοκράτωρ]]. <small>([[Simon de Colines]])</small>
-* [[1534 AD|1534]] (Colinæus)
+====Sessa====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Sessa New Testament.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in [[Greek]] in the [[1538 AD|1538]] New Testament of [[Melchior Sessa]]. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=P10waNoj2sIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false]</small>]]
+* [[1538 AD|1538]] <small>(Printed by Ioannes Antonius de Sabio, funded by Melchior Sessa. Printed in Venice.)</small>
 ====Stephanus ([[Robert Estienne]])====
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Stephanus_1546.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in the [[1546 AD|1546]] Greek New Testament of Stephanus</small>]]
-* [[1546 AD|1546]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 1st)
+* '''1'''. [[1546 AD|1546]] <small>''Τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης ἅπαντα. Novum Testamentum. Ex bibliotheca regia'' (Paris: Robertus Stephanus). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31175031506309&view=1up&seq=15 Hathi Trust]
-* [[1549 AD|1549]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 2nd)
+:Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1.L.29: [http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ119528906&order=919&view=SINGLE ÖNB] | [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=bMRIAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false GB]
-* [[1550 AD|1550]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 3rd - [[Editio Regia]])
+:Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek, 999/Script.7: [https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11116067_00009.html MDZ] (See Also [[Nomina sacra]])</small>
-* [[1551 AD|1551]] ([[Robert Estienne]] (Stephanus) 4th)
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Stephanus_1549.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in the [[1549 AD|1549]] Greek New Testament of Stephanus</small>]]
+* '''2'''. [[1549 AD|1549]] <small>''Τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης ἅπαντα. Novum Testamentum. Ex bibliotheca regia'' (Paris: Robertus Stephanus).
+:Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1.L.34: [http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ119529406&order=919&view=SINGLE ÖNB]
+:Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, BIB.TH.003654: [https://books.google.com.au/books?redir_esc=y&id=dBNcAAAAQAAJ&q=kai#v=onepage&q&f=false GB]</small>
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Stephanus_1550.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in the [[1550 AD|1550]] Greek New Testament of Stephanus</small>]]
+* '''3'''. [[1550 AD|1550]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ κύριος ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ <small>(Novum Testamentum Græce. 3rd edition. Paris. - [[Editio Regia]])</small>
+* '''4'''. [[1551 AD|1551]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ κύριος ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ὁ παντοκράτωρ <small>(Novum Testamentum Græce. 4th edition. Genevah)</small>
 ====[[Theodore Beza]]====
-* [[1565 AD|1565]] (Beza 1st)
-* [[1565 AD|1565]] (Beza Octavo 1st)
-* [[1567 AD|1567]] (Beza Octavo 2nd)
-* [[1580 AD|1580]] (Beza Octavo 3rd)
-* [[1582 AD|1582]] (Beza 2nd)
-* [[1589 AD|1589]] (Beza 3rd)
-* [[1590 AD|1590]] (Beza Octavo 4th)
-* [[1598 AD|1598]] (Beza 4th)
-''See Also [[Matthew 1:1 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''
-* [[1604 AD|1604]] (Beza Octavo 5th)
-====Elzevir====
+* '''1'''. [[1556 AD|1556]]/[[1557 AD|57]] <small>In Latin ([[Revelation_1:8#Latin|see below]]) - counted as Beza's first major edition. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=A0usDcgwzc8C&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false 1556 Edition] and [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=e5dUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false here].   [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/10661118 1557 Edition] Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2341</small>
+:* [[1559 AD|1559]] <small>unauthorised Basel edition - (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 2347 [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/1957985 e-rara] & [http://dfg-viewer.de/show?tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitale.bibliothek.uni-halle.de%2Foai%2F%3Fverb%3DGetRecord%26metadataPrefix%3Dmets%26identifier%3D993514&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=13&cHash=6b3eaed78ca8bf6c03a967422520dbf7  ULB Sachsen-Anhalt] </small>
+:* [[1563 AD|1563]]: <small>Beza’s Responsio against Castellio (referred to on the title page of the 1565 and 1582 editions): [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/869676 e-rara] (Bibliothèque de Genève, shelf mark Bb 150).</small>
-* [[1624 AD|1624]] (Elzevir)
+* '''2'''. [[1565 AD|1565]] <small>(Novum Testamentum,- counted as Beza's second major edition. Geneva)</small>
-* [[1633 AD|1633]] (Elzevir)
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Beza_1565.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in Beza's [[1565 AD|1565]] Greek New Testament]]
-* [[1641 AD|1641]] (Elzevir)
+:* [[1565 AD|1565]] <small>(a special copy with Beza’s own handwritten notes in preparation of the third edition (MHR O4 cd (565) a):[http://doc.rero.ch/record/18245?ln=fr]</small>
+:* [[1565 AD|1565]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/1774121 Minor edition]</small>
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Beza_1567.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Beza's [[1567 AD|1567]] Greek New Testament</small>]]
+:* [[1567 AD|1567]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/mhr_g/content/zoom/4266100 Minor edition]</small>
+:* [[1569 AD|1569]]: <small>Tremellius’ Syriac NT, with Beza’s Greek and Latin text included: [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/4465341 e-rara] and [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=eY61MnibT1QC&pg=PA1-IA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Google]</small>
+:* [[1575 AD|1575]]: <small>a [https://books.google.nl/books?id=DsBIAAAAcAAJ&hl=nl&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Latin-only edition] which introduces Chapter summaries</small>
+:* [[1580 AD|1580]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/3107964 Minor edition] and also another minor edition [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=vr9IAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false here]</small>
+* '''3'''. [[1582 AD|1582]] <small>(Novum Testamentum. 2nd folio edition. Geneva.)</small>
+:* [[1590 AD|1590]] <small>[https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/3138458 Minor edition]</small>
+* '''4'''. [[1588 AD|1588]] <small>([https://www.e-rara.ch/lac1_g/content/zoom/11394874 1588 e-rara]] (Lausanne : Bibliothèque, shelf mark 2015);[http://images.csntm.org/PublishedWorks/Bezae_NT_1588/Bezae_NT_1588_0001a.jpg CSNTM]; [https://archive.org/details/testamentvmnovvm00bzet/page/n19/mode/2up Archive]; [https://books.google.nl/books?id=tt1TAAAAcAAJ&hl=nl&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false Google]</small>
+[[Image:Revelation_1_8_Beza_1589.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Beza's [[1588 AD|1588]] Greek New Testament</small>]]
+:* [[1590 AD|1590]] <small>(Beza Octavo 4th)</small>
+:* [[1594 AD|1594]]: <small>the Annotationes printed separately: [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/zoom/1095196 e-rara].</small>
+* '''5'''. [[1598 AD|1598]] [[1473|Ἐγώ]] [[1510|εἰμι]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[1|Α]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|τὸ]] [[5598|Ω]], [[746|ἀρχὴ]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[5056|τέλος]], [[3004|λέγει]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2962|Κύριος]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[5607|ὢν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2258|ἦν]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[3588|ὁ]] [[2064|ἐρχόμενος]], [[3588|ὁ]] [[3841|παντοκράτωρ]]. <small>([[http://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/titleinfo/1752610 e-rara]. Novum Testamentum. 5th. Geneva.])</small><small>''See Also [[Revelation 1:8 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''</small>
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Beza 1598.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Beza's [[1598 AD|1598]] Greek New Testament</small>]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Beza 1598 Footnote.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Footnote at Revelation 1:8 in [[Latin]] in the [[1598 AD|1598]] New Testament of Beza]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Beza 1598 Footnote 2.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Footnote at Revelation 1:8 in [[Latin]] in the [[1598 AD|1598]] New Testament of Beza]]
+:* [[1604 AD|1604]] <small>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=NhY-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11-IA8#v=onepage&q&f=false Minor edition]</small>
+====Plantin Polyglot====
+* [[1584 AD|1584]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Plantin Polyglot 1584.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Plantin's [[1584 AD|1584]] Greek Latin Polyglot</small>]]
+====[[Elias Hutter]]====
+* [[1599 AD|1599]] {{The The Nuremberg Polyglot 1599}}
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Elias Hutter 1599.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Elias Hutter's [[1599 AD|1599]] Greek in his dodecaglot</small>]]
+====[[House of Elzevir|Elzevir]]====
+* [[1624 AD|1624]] {{Elzevir 1624}}
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Elzevir 1624.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Elzevir's [[1624 AD|1624]] Greek New Testament [https://archive.org/details/ned-kbn-all-00002698-001/page/n23/mode/1up?view=theater]</small>]]
+* [[1633 AD|1633]] {{Elzevir 1633}} <small>([[House of Elzevir|Elzevir]]) edited by [[Jeremias Hoelzlin]], Professor of Greek at Leiden.</small>
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Elzevir 1633.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Elzevir's [[1633 AD|1633]] Greek New Testament</small>]]
+* [[1641 AD|1641]] {{Elzevir 1641}} <small>([[House of Elzevir|Elzevir]])</small>
+* [[1678 AD|1679]] {{Elzevir 1679}} <small>([[House of Elzevir|Elzevir]])</small>
+====London Polyglot====
+* [[1657 AD|1657]] <small>([[London Polyglot]] by [[Brian Walton]]. Greek following the work of [[Robert Estienne]]'s [[1550 AD|1550]] [[Textus Receptus]])</small>
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 London Polyglot 1657.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in Brian Walton's [[1657 AD|1657]] Greek Latin Polyglot</small>]]
+====John Mill====
+* [[1707 AD|1707]] <small>(<small>(By [[John Mill]]. Greek following the work of [[Robert Estienne]]'s [[1550 AD|1550]] [[Textus Receptus]])</small>)</small>
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Mill 1707.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Revelation 1:8 in [[John Mill]]'s [[1707 AD|1707]] Greek Novum Testamentum</small>]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Mill 1707 Footnotes.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>The Footnotes of Revelation 1:8 in [[John Mill]]'s [[1707 AD|1707]] Greek Novum Testamentum</small>]]
 ====Scholz====
@@ Line 101: / Line 399: @@
 ====Scrivener====
-* [[1894 AD|1894]] (? ????? ???T???)
+* [[1894 AD|1894]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω, ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος, λέγει ὁ Κύριος, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ.
 ====Other Greek====
 * [[1857 AD|1857]] (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
-* (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
+* [[1872 AD|1872]] ἐγώ εἰμί ὁ Α καί ὁ Ω λέγω κύριος ὁ θεός ὁ εἰμί καί ὁ εἰμί καί ὁ ἔρχομαι ὁ παντοκράτωρ (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
-* [[1881 AD|1881]] (Westcott & Hort)
+* [[1881 AD|1881]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει Κύριος, ὁ θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Westcott & Hort)
-* (Greek orthodox Church)
+* [[1904 AD|1904]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Α καὶ τὸ Ω, λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. (Greek orthodox Church)
+* [[1904 AD|1904]] Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ Παντοκράτωρ. (Nestle)
 ==Anglo Saxon Translations==
@@ Line 117: / Line 417: @@
 ==English Translations==
-[[Image:Matthew 1.1 KJV.JPG|300px|thumb|right|[[Matthew 1:1]] in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
 * [[1380 AD|1380]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
-* [[1395 AD|1395]] ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
+* [[1395 AD|1395]] Yhe, Amen! Y am alpha and oo, the bigynnyng and the ende, seith the Lord God, that is, and that was, and that is to comynge, almyyti. ([[Wyclif's Bible]] by [[John Wycliffe]])
-* [[1534 AD|1534]] ([[Tyndale Bible]] by [[William Tyndale]])
+* [[1534 AD|1534]] I am Alpha and Omega the begynninge and the endinge sayth the Lorde almyghty which is and which was and which is to come. ([[Tyndale Bible]] by [[William Tyndale]])
-* [[1535 AD|1535]] (Coverdale Bible)
+* [[1535 AD|1535]] I am Alpha and Omega, the begynninge and the endinge, sayteh ye LORDE almighty, which is and which was and which is to come. (Coverdale Bible)
 * [[1539 AD|1539]] ([[Great Bible]] First Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
-* [[1540 AD|1540]] ([[Great Bible]] Second Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
+* [[1540 AD|1540]] I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and þe endynge, sayth the Lorde almyghty, which is and which was, and which is to come. ([[Great Bible]] Second Edition - [[Miles Coverdale]])
-* [[1549 AD|1549]] ([[Matthew's Bible]] - [[John Rogers]])
+* [[1549 AD|1549]] I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnynge and the endynge, sayeth the Lorde almyghty, whiche is, which was, and whiche is to come. ([[Matthew's Bible]] - [[John Rogers]])
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Geneva 1557.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1557 AD|1557]] [[Geneva Bible]]]]
+* [[1557 AD|1557]] I* am" ''α'' and ''ω'',  ''that is'' the begynning and the ending, sayth the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, the almyghty I say.
-* [[1557 AD|1557]] (Geneva [[1557 AD|1557]])
+:''Chap''. 21.b. 22.c.
-* [[1560 AD|1560]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) First Edition
+:"Alpha and Omega are the fyrst and last letters of the a. b. c. of the Grekes. (Geneva [[1557 AD|1557]])
-* [[1568 AD|1568]] ([[Bishop's Bible]] First Edition
+* [[1560 AD|1560]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) First Edition
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Bishops.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1568 AD|1568]] [[Bishop's Bible]]]]
+* [[1568 AD|1568]] I am Alpha and Omega, the begynnyng and the endyng, sayth the Lorde almyghtie, which is, and which was, and which is to come. ([[Bishop's Bible]] First Edition
 * [[1582 AD|1582]] (Rheims [[1582 AD|1582]])
-* [[1587 AD|1587]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]
+* [[1587 AD|1587]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, Which is, and Which was, and Which is to come, euen the Almightie. ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]
 * [[1599 AD|1599]] ([[Geneva Bible]]) by [[William Whittingham]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 KJV.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1611 AD|1611]] [[King James Version]]]]
+* [[1611 AD|1611]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. ([[King James Version]])
-* [[1611 AD|1611]] ([[King James Version]])
+* [[1729 AD|1729]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who will be, the almighty. ([[Mace New Testament]])
-* [[1729 AD|1729]] ([[Mace New Testament]])
+* [[1745 AD|1745]] I am Alpha and Omega, saith the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)
-* [[1745 AD|1745]] (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)
 * [[1762 AD|1762]] ([[King James Version]])
-* [[1769 AD|1769]] ([[King James Version]] - [[Benjamin Blayney]])
+* [[1769 AD|1769]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. ([[King James Version]] - [[Benjamin Blayney]])
-* [[1770 AD|1770]] (Worsley Version by John Worsley)
+* [[1770 AD|1770]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Worsley Version by John Worsley)
-* [[1790 AD|1790]] (Wesley Version by John Wesley)
+* [[1790 AD|1790]] Yea. Amen. I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who cometh, the Almighty. (Wesley Version by John Wesley)
-* [[1795 AD|1795]] (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)
+* [[1795 AD|1795]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is coming—the Almighty. (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)
-* [[1833 AD|1833]] (Webster Version - by [[Noah Webster]])
+* [[1833 AD|1833]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Webster Version - by [[Noah Webster]])
-* [[1835 AD|1835]] (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)
+* [[1835 AD|1835]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)
-* [[1849 AD|1849]] ([[Etheridge Translation]] by [[John Etheridge]])
+* [[1849 AD|1849]] I am Olaph and Thau, saith Aloha the Lord, who is, and who was, and who cometh, the Omnipotent. ([[Etheridge Translation]] by [[John Etheridge]])
 * [[1850 AD|1850]] ([[King James Version]] by Committee)
@@ Line 173: / Line 476: @@
 * [[1855 AD|1855]] [[Calvin Bible]] by the [[Calvin Translation Society]]
-* [[1858 AD|1858]] (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by [[Leicester Sawyer]])
+* [[1858 AD|1858]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord God; the Is, and the Was, and the Is to come, the Almighty. (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by [[Leicester Sawyer]])
-* [[1865 AD|1865]] ([[The Emphatic Diaglott]] by [[Benjamin Wilson]])
+* [[1865 AD|1865]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, says Lord the God, the one existing and the one who was and the one coming, the almighty. ([[The Emphatic Diaglott]] by [[Benjamin Wilson]])
-* [[1865 AD|1865]] (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)
+* [[1865 AD|1865]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, he who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)
-* [[1869 AD|1869]] (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)
+* [[1869 AD|1869]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, he who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)
-* [[1873 AD|1873]] ([[King James Version]]) by [[Frederick Scrivener]])
+* [[1873 AD|1873]] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. ([[King James Version]]) by [[Frederick Scrivener]])
-* [[1885 AD|1885]] (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)
+* [[1885 AD|1885]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, which is and which was and which is to come, the Almighty. (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)
-* [[1890 AD|1890]] (Darby Version 1890 by [[John Darby]])
+* [[1890 AD|1890]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith [the] Lord God, he who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. (Darby Version 1890 by [[John Darby]])
-* [[1898 AD|1898]] ([[Young's Literal Translation]] by [[Robert Young]])
+* [[1898 AD|1898]] `I am the Alpha and the Omega, beginning and end, saith the Lord, who is, and who was, and who is coming -- the Almighty.' ([[Young's Literal Translation]] by [[Robert Young]])
-* [[1901 AD|1901]] The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. ([[American Standard Version]] - [[Philip Schaff]])
+* [[1901 AD|1901]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty. ([[American Standard Version]] - [[Philip Schaff]])
-* [[1902 AD|1902]] The Lineage Roll of Jesus Christ,––Son of David, Son of Abraham. (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)
+* [[1902 AD|1902]] I, am, the A, and, the Z, saith the Lord,––the, God who Is, and who Was, and who is Coming, The Almighty. (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)
-* [[1902 AD|1902]] (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)
+* [[1902 AD|1902]] I am Alpha and Omega, says the Lord God, who is and who was, and who is coming, the Almighty. (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)
-* [[1904 AD|1904]] (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by [[Adolphus Worrell]])
+* [[1904 AD|1904]] "I am the Alpha and the Omega," saith the Lord God, Who is, and Who was, and Who is coming, the Almighty. (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by [[Adolphus Worrell]])
-* [[1904 AD|1904]] (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)
+* [[1904 AD|1904]] 'I am the Alpha and the Omega,' says the Lord, the God who is, and who was, and who shall be, the Almighty. (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)
 * [[1911 AD|1911]] (Syrus Scofield)
@@ Line 203: / Line 506: @@
 * [[1912 AD|1912]] (Weymouth New Testament)
-* [[1918 AD|1918]] (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)
+* [[1918 AD|1918]] I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who comes, the Almighty. (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)
 * [[1923 AD|1923]] (Edgar Goodspeed)
@@ Line 232: / Line 535: @@
 ====[[Arabic]]====
-* <big></big>(Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)
+* <big>انا هو الالف والياء البداية والنهاية يقول الرب الكائن والذي كان والذي يأتي القادر على كل شيء  </big>(Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)
+====Amharic====
+* ያለውና የነበረው የሚመጣውም ሁሉንም የሚገዛ ጌታ አምላክ። አልፋና ዖሜጋ እኔ ነኝ ይላል።
 ====[[Aramaic]]====
-* <big></big>(Aramaic Peshitta)
+* ܐܢܐ ܐܠܦ ܘܬܘ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܘܐܬܐ ܗܘ ܕܐܚܝܕ ܟܠ  <big></big>(Aramaic Peshitta)
 ====[[Basque]]====
-*
+* Ni naiz a eta w, erran nahi baita, hatsea eta fina, dio Iaunac, Denac, eta Cenac, eta Ethorteco denac, diot, Bothere gucitacoac.
 ====[[Bulgarian]]====
-* [[1940 AD|1940]] (Bulgarian Bible)
+* [[1940 AD|1940]] Аз съм Алфа и Омега, казва Господ Бог, Който е, и Който е бил, и Който иде, Всемогъщият. (Bulgarian Bible)
 ====[[Chinese]]====
-*  1 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))
+*  1 主 神 说 ： 我 是 阿 拉 法 ， 我 是 俄 梅 戛 ， （ 阿 拉 法 ， 俄 梅 戛 ： 是 希 利 尼 字 母 首 末 二 字 ） ， 是 昔 在 、 今 在 、 以 後 永 在 的 全 能 者 。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))
-*  1 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))
+*  1 主 神 說 ： 我 是 阿 拉 法 ， 我 是 俄 梅 戛 ， （ 阿 拉 法 ， 俄 梅 戛 ： 是 希 利 尼 字 母 首 末 二 字 ） ， 是 昔 在 、 今 在 、 以 後 永 在 的 全 能 者 。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))
 ====[[French]]====
-* (French Darby)
+* Moi, je suis l'alpha et l'oméga, dit le *Seigneur Dieu, celui qui est, et qui était, et qui vient, le Tout-puissant. (French Darby)
-* [[1744 AD|1744]] (Martin 1744)
+* [[1744 AD|1744]] Je suis l'Alpha et l'Oméga, le commencement et la fin, dit le Seigneur, QUI EST, QUI ÉTAIT, et QUI EST A VENIR, le Tout-Puissant. (Martin 1744)
-* [[1744 AD|1744]] (Ostervald 1744)
+* [[1744 AD|1744]] Je suis l'Alpha et l'Oméga, le commencement et la fin, dit le Seigneur, Celui QUI EST, et QUI ÉTAIT, et QUI SERA, le Tout-Puissant. (Ostervald 1744)
 ====[[German]]====
-* [[1545 AD|1545]] (Luther 1545)
+* [[1545 AD|1545]] Ich bin das A und das O, der Anfang und das Ende, spricht der HERR, der da ist, und der da war, und der da kommt, der Allmächtige. (Luther 1545)
-* [[1871 AD|1871]] (Elberfelder 1871)
+* [[1871 AD|1871]] Ich bin das Alpha und das Omega, (Alpha und Omega (A und O) sind der erste und der letzte Buchstabe des griechischen Alphabets) spricht der Herr, Gott, (W. der Herr, der Gott) der da ist und der da war und der da kommt, der Allmächtige. (Elberfelder 1871)
-* [[1912 AD|1912]] (Luther 1912)
+* [[1912 AD|1912]] Ich bin das A und das O, der Anfang und das Ende, spricht Gott der HERR, der da ist und der da war und der da kommt, der Allmächtige. (Luther 1912)
 ====[[Italian]]====
@@ Line 278: / Line 584: @@
 ====[[Latin]]====
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Complutensian Polyglot 1514 Latin.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1514 AD|1514]] Complutensian Polyglot. [https://archive.org/details/complutensianpolyglot/pdf%20spanish/5/Imgenes397a496/page/n13/mode/2up].]]
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Erasmus 1516 Latin.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1516 AD|1516]] Latin of Erasmus. [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/zoom/896107].]]
-* [[Latin Vulgate]]
+* ego sum Alpha et Omega principium et finis dicit Dominus Deus qui est et qui erat et qui venturus est Omnipotens [[Latin Vulgate]]
 * [[1527 AD|1527]] (Erasmus 1527)
@@ Line 291: / Line 599: @@
 ====[[Romainian]]====
-* [[2010 AD|2010]] (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)
+* [[2010 AD|2010]] ,,Eu sînt Alfa şi Omega, Începutul şi Sfîrşitul``, zice Domnul Dumnezeu, Cel ce este, Cel ce era şi Cel ce vine, Cel Atotputernic. (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)
 ====[[Russian]]====
-* [[1876 AD|1876]] [[Russian Synodal Version]]
+* [[1876 AD|1876]] Я есмь Альфа и Омега, начало и конец, говорит Господь, Который есть и был игрядет, Вседержитель. [[Russian Synodal Version]]
 Phonetically:
 ====[[Spanish]]====
@@ Line 318: / Line 626: @@
 * [[1934 AD|1934]] Chúa là Ðức Chúa Trời, Ðấng Hiện Có, Ðã Có, Và Còn Ðến, là Ðấng Toàn năng, phán rằng: Ta là An-pha và Ô-mê-ga. (VIET)
+====[[Welsh]]====
+* [[1567 AD|1567]] (William Salesbury, printed in 1567 by Humphrey Toy)
+[[Image:Revelation 1.8 Welsh 1588.JPG|300px|thumb|right|250px|Revelation 1:8 in the [[1588 AD|1588]] Welsh Bible[https://www.library.wales/discover-learn/digital-exhibitions/printed-material/1588-welsh-bible#?c=&m=&s=&cv=1102&xywh=-169%2C138%2C2316%2C1795].]]
+* [[1588 AD|1588]] ([[William Morgan]])
+* [[1620 AD|1620]] Mi yw Alffa ac Omega, y dechrau a’r diwedd, medd yr Arglwydd, yr hwn sydd, a’r hwn oedd, a’r hwn sydd i ddyfod, yr Hollalluog. ([[William Morgan]])
+* [[1824 AD|1824]]
+* [[1988 AD|1988]] ([[New Welsh Bible]])
+* [[2004 AD|2004]]
+* [[2011 AD|2011]] (beibl.net 2011 by [[Arfon Jones]])
 ==See Also==
+* [[I AM]]
+* [[Jehovah]]
 ==External Links==
+* [https://brandplucked.webs.com/revelation-1-8 Will Kinney on Revelation 1:8 - Beginning and the Ending]
+{{Donate}}

Revelation 1:8

From Textus Receptus

Current revision

Contents

Interlinear

Commentary

ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος

ο θεός

Tertullian Against Praxaes chapter 17

Origen

Beatus of Liébana

Giannozzo Manetti's Manuscript

Greek Manuscripts

Latin Manuscripts

Ethiopic

Walton's Polyglot

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Gill's Notes on the Bible

Erasmus 1516

English Bibles

Will Kinney

John Ankerberg

David Cloud

Jack Moorman

Thomas Ross

ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος

Greek

Textus Receptus

Cephaleus

Colinæus

Sessa

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

Plantin Polyglot

London Polyglot

John Mill

Scholz

Scrivener

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Amharic

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