Titus 2:13

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ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΤΟΝ 2:13 προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

Titus 2:13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

Titus 2:13 looking for that blessed hope and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ,

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Interlinear

Commentary

The original 1611 KJV included a comma after God which is not in post 1769 editions:

Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God, and our Sauiour Iesus Christ,

Modern Critics

James White and many other say something like:

Had the KJV translators known of the Granville Sharp rule, they would not have rejected it and translated Titus 2:13 as they did.”

The assumption they did not know it is wrong. In Sharp’s book, one of the people whose comments he included in the book, Greek scholar Rev. Dr. T. Burgess, has Burgess saying concerning the first rule, “…though it was acknowledged and applied by Beza and others to some of the texts alleged by you, yet never so prominently…” (p. vii) So let it not be said that the 1611 translators translated as they did through ignorance of the rule. Granville Sharp had not yet been born, yet the principle of his grammatical axiom was known to them, yet not brought to the fore as Sharp brought it. Beza lived from 1519 to 1605. [The information concerning Beza I got from Rev. Richard Durham’s book, Granville Sharp’s Rule—Proving The Deity Of Christ by Greek Grammar (NJ: The Bible For Today, 1973)]

"One wonders if White thinks saints and faithful brethren (Col.1:2) separates saints and faithful brethren, as if they were two different types. Or does he think God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ (Col.1:3) separates God from the Father, as if the Father were not God?" (Dr. Larry Bednar, KJV Textual Technology site)

Clement of Alexandria

Clement of Alexandria mentioned in his Exhortation to Abandon the Impious Mysteries of Idolatry for the Adoration of the Divine Word and God the Father:

This Word, then, the Christ, the cause of both our being at first (for He was in God) and of our well-being, this very Word has now appeared as man, He alone being both, both God and man—the Author of all blessings to us; by whom we, being taught to live well, are sent on our way to life eternal. For, according to that inspired apostle of the Lord, “the grace of God which bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching us, that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; looking for the blessed hope, and appearing of the glory of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.”

This is the New Song, the manifestation of the Word that was in the beginning, and before the beginning. The Saviour, who existed before, has in recent days appeared. He, who is in Him that truly is, has appeared; for the Word, who “was with God,” and by whom all things were created, has appeared as our Teacher. The Word, who in the beginning bestowed on us life as Creator when He formed us, taught us to live well when He appeared as our Teacher; that as God He might afterwards conduct us to the life which never ends.

Ezra Abbot on the construction of Titus ii. 13 (1881) said:

(e) Bishop Ellicott's last argument is that "apparently two of the ante-Nicene (Clem. Alexand. Protrept. 7 [ed. Pott.] and Hippolytus quoted by Words.) and the great bulk of post-Nicene writers concurred in this interpretation." - As to this, I would say that Clement of Alexandria does not cite the passage in proof of the deity of Christ, and there is nothing to show that he adopted the construction which refers the τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ to him.

Hippolytus of Rome

Hippolytus of Rome in his Treatise on Christ and Antichrist stated:

These things, then, I have set shortly before thee, O Theophilus, drawing them from Scripture itself, in order that, maintaining in faith what is written, and anticipating the things that are to be, thou mayest keep thyself void of offence both toward God and toward men, "looking for that blessed hope and appearing of our God and Saviour," when, having raised the saints among us, He will rejoice with them, glorifying the Father. To Him be the glory unto the endless ages of the ages. Amen.

Pro KJV reading

Will Kinney

Will Kinney stated:

The second verse is found in Titus 2:13 “Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of THE GREAT GOD AND OUR SAVIOUR Jesus Christ;” Here the critics say the KJB rendering does not fully bring out the deity of Jesus Christ. I don’t really understand what they are talking about, because when I read this passage, it clearly declares that Jesus Christ is the great God as well as our Saviour.

The NKJV, NIV and NASB all join here in rendering this verse as “the appearing of OUR great God and Savior Jesus Christ.” They apparently think this brings out his deity more clearly. However, it is necessary to point out two very important things in this verse. Number one is that the Greek reads exactly as it stands in the KJB, and not as it is in the NKJV, NIV and NASB.

The Greek in all texts reads “the great God and OUR Saviour.” The second thing to point out is the difference in meaning. You see, when Christ appears again in glory, He is the God of everybody - every man, woman and child, believer or unbeliever - but He is OUR Saviour. He is the Saviour of only those who are true Christians, but He is the God and creator of all, and He will be the judge of those who have not believed on Him.

So the KJB is actually more accurate here than the NIV, NKJV and NASB. Other versions that read as does the KJB are the ASV, Webster’s Bible, J.B. Phillips, Tyndale 1525, Wycliffe’s 1380, Cranmer’s Bible 1539, Rheims 1582, Coverdale 1535, Bishop's 1568, Geneva Bible 1599, Lamsa of 1933, the Spanish Reina Valera of 1909 , the Italian Diodati and the Third Millenium Bible.

Gail Riplinger

Gail Riplinger stated:

1.) All Greek texts have the wording of the KJV. None render it as the new versions do.

2.) The Granville Sharp theory he cites is just that, a theory. It does not require that the Greek word order be changed, or commas added, but simply states that one person, not two, are presented here.

3.) The same grammatical construction is used to express the deity of the Father "God and our Father") in Gal. 1:4, 1 Thes. 1:3, and Phil. 4:20. The O.T. uses such construction frequently (i.e. Is. 45:21, a just God and a Saviour, and Gen. 49:25).

4.) New versions omit the definite article "the" great God, seen in all Greek texts. He is the great God, but is only our Saviour since we believe in him.

5.) The spelling of 'Saviour' as "Savior" denies his deity. See Webster's distinction between a "savior" ("one who saves") (it could be anyone) and the 'Saviour' "Jesus Christ the Redeemer". (The move from a seven letter word, the Bible's number for perfection, to a six letter word, the Bible's number for man, is a downhill move.)

Rev. Matthew Winzer

I haven't read the comments of James White on Tit. 2:13, but I note that the article only appears before the first noun, thus indicating that the two are referring to the one person according to Sharp's first rule. However, that rule has its exceptions, e.g., with regard to proper names.

I am inclined to regard it as referring to one person. Taken this way, the two terms should be understood as providing a double reference concerning that person. The way I read the Greek and the AV it is referring to one and the same person under a double aspect: e.g., "I am looking forward to the visit of the great monarch and our queen Elisabeth II." The double reference of the original is thus brought out in an elegant style: (1.) What Christ is in Himself -- the great God. (2.) What He is in relation to us -- our Saviour. By transferring the attributive "our" to the first noun this double reference is lost.

Colin Tyler

Colin Tyler stated:

MJP writes, “Missing the deity of Christ in Titus 2:13 and 2 Peter 1:1. Through ignorance of the ‘Granville Sharp Rule’, which was not defined until the late 1700’s, the KJV reads, ‘God and our Saviour Jesus Christ,’ rather than the correct ‘our God and Saviour Jesus Christ.’”

It will perhaps be helpful to give a brief description of the Granville-Sharp Rule first of all because MJP gives no details of it. James White, like MJP, an opponent of KJV onlyism, gives a brief and suitable definition. “Granville-Sharp’s rule states that when you have two nouns, which are not proper names (such as Cephas, or Paul, or Timothy), which are describing a person, and the two nouns are connected by the word “and”, and the first noun has the article (“the”) while the second does not, both nouns are referring to the same person. In our texts, this is demonstrated by the words “God” and “Saviour” at Titus 2.13 and 2 Peter 1.1. “God” has the article, it is followed by the word for “and” and the word “Saviour” does not have the article. Hence, both nouns are being applied to the same person, Jesus Christ.”13 MJP writes “through ignorance of the Granville Sharp Rule … the KJV reads” etc. This implies that divergence from Granville Sharp’s rule, whenever it is applicable, must result in incorrect translation. Are there no other considerations which might justify departure from it? I believe there is one such very important consideration. It is the employment in scripture of the figure of speech called hendiadys.

E W Bullinger, describes hendiadys as “Two words used, but one thing meant. …The two words are of the same parts of speech, i.e. Two nouns (or two verbs) always joined together by the conjunction ‘and’. [The two nouns are always in the same case.]”.

Examples of the figure hendiadys in the AV from both Testaments are:

Jer 36:27 ‘…after that the king had burned the roll and the words which Baruch wrote..”

Dan 4:13 ‘….behold a watcher and a holy one came down.”

Zeph 1:16 ‘A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities…’

Matt 21:5 ‘…sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass,’

James 1:27 ‘Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this…’

The KJV translators have simply preserved the Greek idiom in the verses about which MJP here complains. The KJV translation, “God and our Saviour Jesus Christ” in Titus 2.13 is an hendiadys as is 2 Peter 1.1

MJP is not alone in his assertion that the KJV translators erred because they did not know the Granville-Sharp Rule. Modern Scholarship generally agrees with him here. They tell us that the fruit of this KJV ‘error’ is to miss or obscure the deity of Christ. However if we turn to Ephesians 5.5 in some modern translations we find:

NASB:……….“in the kingdom of Christ and God”

NIV:………….“in the kingdom of Christ and of God”

Good News:….“in the kingdom of Christ and of God”

New English:…“in the kingdom of Christ and of God”

In these instances, they have not followed Granville-Sharp’s rule themselves. They have left the text as though different persons are meant. By their own rules should they not have translated, “the kingdom of Christ our God”? If it be replied that the word “our” is not in the Greek Text, that did not stop them adding it in James 1.27.

The translation given to us by the KJV in Titus 2.13 and 1 Peter 1.1 is a literal translation. It also preserves the figure hendiadys. The modern translations frequently omit Greek and Hebrew words and remove the figure hendiadys. At times they translate literally and at times interpretively and criticize the KJV translators for doing the same. MJP also has done this in the tract under discussion. Modern translators add words and delete words and criticize the KJV translators for doing the same. MJP is in bad company. Evil communications corrupt good manners.

Kenneth Wuest

Kenneth Wuest stated:

In Titus 2:13 we have “the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.” We find the same construction in the Greek, and the same rule of grammar requires us to interpret the phrase as teaching that Jesus Christ is the great God. Since the Greek word for “and” should be translated by the word “even” where the context demands such a meaning, we are justified in rendering the phrase “the great God, even our Saviour Jesus Christ,” for the grammatical construction demands that the two expressions, “the great God,” and “Saviour Jesus Christ,” refer to one individual. The word “even” brings out this meaning. The translation could also read, “our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ.” Thus the rules of Greek grammar teach the deity of Jesus Christ. (Kenneth Weust’s Treasures from the Greek New Testament .p. 33 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1945))

Peter Ruckman

Peter Ruckman stated:

"The figure of speech used here (AV) is so common in the Bible that only a fool would have thought that God and Christ were two different persons. The figure is called a 'hendiady'" (p. 365).

John Calvin

John Calvin stated:

It is uncertain whether these words should be read together thus, “the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ, the great God and our Savior,” or separately, as of the Father and the Son, “the glory of the great God, and of our Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ.” The Arians, seizing on this latter sense, have endeavored to prove from it, that the Son is less than the Father, because here Paul calls the Father “the great God” by way of distinction from the Son. The orthodox teachers of the Church, for the purpose of shutting out this slander, eagerly contended that both are affirmed of Christ. But the Arians may be refuted in a few words and by solid argument; for Paul, having spoken of the revelation of the glory of “the great God,” immediately added “Christ,” in order to inform us, that that revelation of glory will be in his person; as if he had said that, when Christ shall appear, the greatness of the divine glory shall then be revealed to us.

Hence we learn, first, that there is nothing that ought to render us more active or cheerful in doing good than the hope of the future resurrection; and, secondly, that believers ought always to have their eyes fixed on it, that they may not grow weary in the right course; for, if we do not wholly depend upon it, we shall continually be carried away to the vanities of the world. But, since the coming of the Lord to judgment might excite terror in us, Christ is held out to us as our “Savior,” who will also be our judge.

Benjamin Hall Kennedy

In the Pure Bible Forum Steven Avery says of Kennedy:

Benjamin Hall Kennedy (1804-1899) who was one of the committee members on the revision that was railroaded into the Westcott-Hort recension. In discussing Titus 2:13, he made a similar excellent point (although I would not use the word "persons purpose distinct") :

As to the passage in Titus, since I believe it to be rightly rendered by the translators of 1611,1 had no occasion to notice it in 1861. But it now becomes a plain though painful duty to contend against the change made by the majority of the Revisers, which seems to me a blot on our work.

Let me first set down a state of facts, as preliminary to the whole discussion.

(1) St Paul's thirteen epistles contain more than 200 passages, in which the names of God (the Father) and Christ (under various titles) appear in mutual relation, as names of persons purposely distinct. See the list at foot*. The divinity of Christ, a sermon. With an appendix on Romans ix. 5, and Titus ii. 13 (1883)

Anti KJV Reading

Modern Versions

Most Modern translations read “our great God and Savior Jesus Christ”.

Ankerberg and Weldon

Ankerberg and Weldon stated:

“even the context of Titus 2:13 shows that one Person, not two, was in Paul’s mind, for Paul wrote of the ‘glorious appearing’ of that Person” (Facts on Jehovah’s Witnesses, p. 24).

James White

On page 81 in the book The King James Version Controversy, by James White, he falsely claims that the KJV distorts the meaning of this verse and obscures the Deity of Christ:

"the KJV is shown to be wanting in Titus 2:13."

On page 201 he says:

“The simple fact is that the KJV provides an inferior translation, one that unintentionally detracts from the presentation of the full deity of Jesus Christ. The unwillingness of KJV defenders to overlook this fact is most disturbing.”

Granville Sharp

Granville Sharp stated:

“This testimony, therefore, of the sacred text, in favour of our Lord’s divine nature, ought not to be withheld from the mere English reader” (Remarks, p. 51).

I. M. Haldeman

I. M. Haldeman stated:

“Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit the Apostle Paul speaks of Him as ’our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ’ (correct reading) (Titus 2:13)” (Bible Expositions, I, p. 456).

A. T. Robertson

A. T. Robertson stated:

“is the necessary meaning of the one article with theou and soteros just as in 2 Peter 1:1” (Word Pictures, IV, p. 604).

William Hendriksen

William Hendriksen stated:

“No valid reason has ever been found which would show that the (Granville Sharp) rule does not apply in the present case [Titus 2:13]” (Timothy and Titus, p. 375).

Prince Hoare

Prince Hoare stated:

“the only sense in which the Greek Fathers understand that important passage, for instance, Titus 2:13, is that which is ascribed to it by Mr. Sharp” (Memoirs, I, p. 501).

Augustus Strong

Augustus Strong stated that Titus 2:13 is: “a direct, definite, and even studied declaration of Christ’s divinity” (Systematic Theology, p. 307).

James Buswell

James Buswell stated:

“It is clear from the entire New Testament that it is Christ whose glorious appearing is expected: Christ Jesus is our great God and Saviour” (Systematic Theology, p. 104). Gordon Clark noted: “The subject matter is the glorious return of our Lord. One person returns; not the Father, but the Son. Hence the great God and Jesus is the same person” (The Trinity, p. 17).

J. L. Dagg

J. L. Dagg advocated stated:

“our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ” (Manual of Theology, pp. 183-184).

Ralph Wardlaw

Ralph Wardlaw stated:

“To avoid all ambiguity, and to express the precise sense of the original, they ought to be rendered, ‘the glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” (Discourses, p. 76).

Timothy Dwigh

Timothy Dwight stated:

“In the Greek it is the Great God even our Saviour Jesus Christ, or our Great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” (Theology Explained, I, p. 526).

Theodore Haak

Theodore Haak stated:

“That is, of Jesus Christ, our great God and Saviour; for both these titles are here ascribed to Jesus Christ.” (English translation of the 1637 Dutch Annotations)

H. Harvey

H. Harvey stated:

“The following context, in the relative clause (verse 14), ’who gave himself for us,’ plainly relates only to Christ, but naturally requires us to take the whole preceding expression, ’our Great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ,’ as its antecedent” (Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles, pp. 139-140).

Robert Horton

Robert Horton stated:

“The qualifying description of verse 14, which refer to Jesus Christ, completely overbalances the sentence if Christ is to be separated from ’the great God’” (Commentary p. 186).

Francis Turretin

Francis Turretin stated:

“Epiphaneia is never attributed to the Father, but always to Christ. He, whose advent we look for, is said to have given himself for us (Tit. 2:14), which applies to Christ alone” (Institutes, I, p. 284).

John Dick

John Dick who lived from 1764 to 1833 stated:

“in which the name of God is given to our Saviour, but the evidence does not appear to common readers, in consequence of the manner in which they have been translated” (Lectures on Theology, I, p. 316).

also:

“our Great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” as “a translation more conformable to the original” (p. 317).

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson observed that Theodore Beza maintained “that one person only is spoken of, namely, Jesus Christ” (New Testament, II, p. 472).

Francis Turretin

Francis Turretin, who live from 1623 to 1687) stated:

“He is called ‘the great God’ (Tit. 2:13)–certainly not the Father, but the Son because only one article is prefixed to the words God and Saviour (which would not be the case if they were two persons)” (Institutes, translated by George Giger, I, p. 284).

E. W. Bullinger

E. W. Bullinger stated:

“of our great God and Saviour” (Figures, p. 505).

also:

“hendiadys: One person being meant, not two” (p. 669).

J. H. Murray

J. H. Murray stated:

“makes it as if two persons were spoken of, the Father and the Son; where the Son only, in the original Greek, is mentioned” (Help, p. 64).

Edward Burton

Edward Burton stated:

“In our authorized version, the words certainly do not necessarily imply that our Saviour Jesus Christ is the great God; but if we were to translate them, as we are equally authorized in doing, ’the glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ,’ it would be obvious to every reader, that the expression great God referred to Jesus Christ” (Testimonies, p. 113, 1829).

New World Translation

The New World Translation of the Jehovah's Witnesses states:

while we wait for the happy hope and glorious manifestation of the great God and of our Savior, Jesus Christ;

English Standard Version

waiting for our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ,

Greek

Textus Receptus

1514 (Complutensian Polyglot)

Desiderius Erasmus

1516 (Erasmus 1st Novum Instrumentum omne)
1519 (Erasmus 2nd)
1522 (Erasmus 3rd Novum Testamentum omne)
1527 (Erasmus 4th)
1535 (Erasmus 5th)

Colinæus

1534 (Colinæus)

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

1546 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 1st)
1549 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 2nd)
1550 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd - Editio Regia)
1551 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 4th)

Theodore Beza

1565 (Beza 1st)
1565 (Beza Octavo 1st)
1567 (Beza Octavo 2nd)
1580 (Beza Octavo 3rd)
1582 (Beza 2nd)
1589 (Beza 3rd)
1590 (Beza Octavo 4th)
1598 (Beza 4th)

See Also Titus 2:13 Beza 1598 (Beza)

1604 (Beza Octavo 5th)

Elzevir

1624 (Elzevir)
1633 (Elzevir)
1641 (Elzevir)

Scholz

1841 (Scholz)

Scrivener

1894 (? ????? ???T???)

Other Greek

1857 (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
(Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
1881 (Westcott & Hort)
(Greek orthodox Church)

Anglo Saxon Translations

1000 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)

1200 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)

English Translations

1380 (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

1395 abidinge the blessid hope and the comyng of the glorie of the greet God, and of oure sauyour Jhesu Crist; (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)

1534 lokinge for that blessed hope and glorious apperenge of ye myghty god and of oure savioure Iesu Christ (Tyndale Bible by William Tyndale)

1535 lokynge for that blessed hope and appearynge of the glory of ye greate God and of oure Sauioure Iesu Christ: (Coverdale Bible)

1539 (Great Bible First Edition - Miles Coverdale)

1540 lokynge for þe blessed hope & appearinge of the glory of the greate God, & of oure sauioure Iesu Christ, (Great Bible Second Edition - Miles Coverdale)

1549 lokynge for that blessed hope and gloryous apperyng of the myghtye God, and of oure sauyoure Iesu Christe, (Matthew's Bible - John Rogers)

1557 (Geneva 1557)

1560 (Geneva Bible) First Edition

1568 Lokyng for that blessed hope and appearyng of the glorie of the great God, and our sauiour Iesus Christe, (Bishop's Bible First Edition

1582 (Rheims 1582)

1587 Looking for that blessed hope, and appearing of that glorie of that mightie God, and of our Sauiour Iesus Christ, (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

1599 (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham

1611 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God, and our Sauiour Iesus Christ, (King James Version)

1729 in expectation of that desirable happiness, the glorious appearance of the supreme God, and of our saviour Jesus Christ, (Mace New Testament)

1745 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God, and our Saviour Jesus Christ: (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)

1762 (King James Version)

1769 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; (King James Version - Benjamin Blayney)

1770 looking for the blessed hope, and glorious appearance of the great God, and our Saviour, Jesus Christ: (Worsley Version by John Worsley)

1790 Looking for the blessed hope and the glorious appearing of the great God, even our Savior Jesus Christ; (Wesley Version by John Wesley)

1795 expecting the blessed hope, and glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ; (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)

1833 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God, and our Savior Jesus Christ; (Webster Version - by Noah Webster)

1835 expecting the blessed hope; namely, the appearing of the glory of the great God, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ; (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)

1849 while expecting the blessed hope and the manifestation of the glory of the great God and our Saviour Jeshu Meshiha; (Etheridge Translation by John Etheridge)

1850 (King James Version by Committee)

1851 (Murdock Translation)

1855 Calvin Bible by the Calvin Translation Society

1858 looking for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and of our Saviour Jesus Christ, (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by Leicester Sawyer)

1865 waiting for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and savior of us Jesus Anointed; (The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson)

1865 looking for the blissful hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ; (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)

1869 looking for the blessed hope, and appearing of the glory of the great God and of our Saviour Jesus Christ; (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)

1873 looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; (King James Version) by Frederick Scrivener)

1885 looking for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ; (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)

1890 awaiting the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ; (Darby Version 1890 by John Darby)

1898 waiting for the blessed hope and manifestation of the glory of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ, (Young's Literal Translation by Robert Young)

1901 looking for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; (American Standard Version - Philip Schaff)

1902 Prepared to welcome the happy hope and forthshining of the glory of the great God and our Saviour Christ Jesus, (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)

1902 looking for the blessed hope even the appearing of the glory of our great God and our Saviour Christ Jesus; (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)

1904 looking for the blissful hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ; (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by Adolphus Worrell)

1904 while we are awaiting our Blessed Hope—the Appearing in glory of our great God and Saviour, Christ Jesus. (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)

1911 (Syrus Scofield)

1912 in expectation of the fulfilment of our blessed hope—the Appearing in glory of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ; (Weymouth New Testament)

1918 waiting for the blessed hope, and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ, (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)

1923 (Edgar Goodspeed)

1982 (New King James Version)

1984 (New International Version)

1999 (American King James Version)AKJV

2005 (Today’s New International Version)

Foreign Language Versions

Arabic

منتظرين الرجاء المبارك وظهور مجد الله العظيم ومخلّصنا يسوع المسيح (Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)

Aramaic

ܟܕ ܡܤܟܝܢܢ ܠܤܒܪܐ ܒܪܝܟܐ ܘܠܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܪܒܐ ܘܡܚܝܢܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ (Aramaic Peshitta)

Basque

Dohain onetaco sperançaren eta gure Iainco handi eta Saluadore Iesus Christen gloriataco aduenimendu excellentaren beguira gaudelaric:

Bulgarian

1940 ожидайки блажената надежда, славното явление на нашия велик Бог и Спасител Исус Христос, (Bulgarian Bible)

Chinese

1 等候所盼望的福，并等候至大的神和我们（或作：神 ─ 我们）救主耶稣基督的荣耀显现。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))

1 等候所盼望的福，並等候至大的神和我們（或作：神 ─ 我們）救主耶穌基督的榮耀顯現。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))

French

attendant la bienheureuse espérance et l'apparition de la gloire de notre grand Dieu et Sauveur Jésus Christ, (French Darby)

1744 En attendant la bienheureuse espérance, et l'apparition de la gloire du grand Dieu, et notre Sauveur, Jésus-Christ, (Martin 1744)

1744 En attendant la bienheureuse espérance, et la manifestation de la gloire de notre grand Dieu et Sauveur Jésus-Christ, (Ostervald 1744)

German

1545 und warten auf die selige Hoffnung und Erscheinung der HERRLIchkeit des großen Gottes und unsers Heilandes Jesu Christi, (Luther 1545)

1871 indem wir erwarten die glückselige Hoffnung und Erscheinung der Herrlichkeit unseres großen Gottes und Heilandes Jesus Christus, (Elberfelder 1871)

1912 und warten auf die selige Hoffnung und Erscheinung der Herrlichkeit des großen Gottes und unsers Heilandes, Jesu Christi, (Luther 1912)

Italian

1649 aspettando la beata speranza, e l’apparizione della gloria del grande Iddio, e Salvator nostro, Gesù Cristo.(Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)

1927 aspettando la beata speranza e l’apparizione della gloria del nostro grande Iddio e Salvatore, Cristo Gesù; (Riveduta Bible 1927)

Japanese

1928 (Naoji Nagai)

Latin

expectantes beatam spem et adventum gloriae magni Dei et salvatoris nostri Iesu Christi Latin Vulgate

1527 (Erasmus 1527)

1527 (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)

Pidgin

1996 (Pidgin King Jems)

Romainian

2010 aşteptînd fericita noastră nădejde şi arătarea slavei marelui nostru Dumnezeu şi Mîntuitor Isus Hristos. (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)

Russian

1876 ожидая блаженного упования и явления славы великого Бога и Спасителя нашего Иисуса Христа, Russian Synodal Version

Phonetically:

Spanish

Esperando aquella esperanza bienaventurada, y la manifestación gloriosa del gran Dios y Salvador nuestro Jesucristo. (RVG Spanish)

Swedish

1917 medan vi vänta på vårt saliga hopps fullbordan och på den store Gudens och vår Frälsares, Kristi Jesu, härlighets uppenbarelse -- (Swedish - Svenska 1917)

Tagalog

1905 Na hintayin yaong mapalad na pagasa at ang pagpapakita ng kaluwalhatian ng ating dakilang Dios at Tagapagligtas na si Jesucristo; (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)

Tok Pisin

1996 (Tok Pisin King Jems)

Vietnamese

1934 đương chờ đợi sự trông cậy hạnh phước của chúng ta, và sự hiện ra của sự vinh hiển Ðức Chúa Trời lớn và Cứu Chúa chúng ta, là Ðức Chúa Jêsus Christ, (VIET)

External Links

James White and Titus 2:13 "the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ" by Will Kinney

The King James Version 2023 Edition New Testament is now complete and in print format here.

Internal Links

Old Testament - New Testament KJV 1900

New Testament KJV 2016

Scrivener's 1894 Textus Receptus

2016 Urdu New Testament (TR Based)

Russian Synodal Version (TR Based)

Reina Valera Gómez Spanish (TR Based)

Marginal Notes in the 1611 Authorized Version

Ephesians 3:9

Why We Should Not Passover Easter 1, 2, & 3

Will Kinney

List of TR/KJV based foreign bibles

List of New Testament minuscules

List of New Testament lectionaries

List of New Testament Papyri

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List of New Testament minuscules

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List of New Testament uncials

01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·

List of New Testament lectionaries

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·

New book available with irrefutable evidence for the reading in the TR and KJV.

Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Authorized Version

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-* '''[[Titus 2:13 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΤΟΝ 2:13]]''' προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
+{{Verses in Titus 2}}
+* '''[[Titus 2:13 Greek NT: Beza's Textus Receptus (1598)|ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΤΟΝ 2:13]]''' [[4327|προσδεχόμενοι]] [[3588|τὴν]] [[3107|μακαρίαν]] [[1680|ἐλπίδα]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[2015|ἐπιφάνειαν]] [[3588|τῆς]] [[1391|δόξης]] [[3588|τοῦ]] [[3173|μεγάλου]] [[2316|θεοῦ]] [[2532|καὶ]] [[4990|σωτῆρος]] [[1473|ἡμῶν]] [[2424|Ἰησοῦ]] [[5547|Χριστοῦ]]
 {{Textus Receptus 1598 Footer}}
-* ''' Titus 2:13 ''' Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;
+* ''' Titus 2:13 ''' [[4327|Looking for]] [[3588|that]] [[3107|blessed]] [[1680|hope]], [[2532|and]] [[3588|the]] [[1391|glorious]] [[2015|appearing]] [[3588|of the]] [[3173|great]] [[2316|God]] [[2532|and]] [[1473|our]] [[4990|Saviour]] [[2424|Jesus]] [[1473|Christ]];
 {{King James Version Pure Cambridge Edition Footer}}
-* '''[[ Titus 2:13 (TRV)|Titus 2:13]]'''  looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of that great God and Savior of ours, Jesus Christ,
+* '''[[Titus 2:13 King James Version 2016|Titus 2:13]]''' [[4327|looking for]] [[3588|that]] [[3107|blessed]] [[1680|hope]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|the]] [[1391|glorious]] [[2015|appearing]] [[3588|of the]] [[3173|great]] [[2316|God]] [[2532|and]] [[1473|our]] [[4990|Savior]] [[2424|Jesus]] [[1473|Christ]],
 {{King James Version 2016 Edition}}
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 ==Commentary==
+The original 1611 KJV included a comma after God which is not in post 1769 editions:
+:Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God, and our Sauiour Iesus Christ,
+====Modern Critics====
+[[James White]] and many other say something like:
+:Had the KJV translators known of the Granville Sharp rule, they would not have rejected it and translated Titus 2:13 as they did.”
+The assumption they did not know it is wrong. In Sharp’s book, one of the people whose comments he included in the book, Greek scholar Rev. Dr. T. Burgess, has Burgess saying concerning the first rule, “…though it was acknowledged and applied by Beza and others to some of the texts alleged by you, yet never so prominently…” (p. vii) So let it not be said that the 1611 translators translated as they did through ignorance of the rule. Granville Sharp had not yet been born, yet the principle of his grammatical axiom was known to them, yet not brought to the fore as Sharp brought it. Beza lived from 1519 to 1605. [The information concerning Beza I got from Rev. Richard Durham’s book, Granville Sharp’s Rule—Proving The Deity Of Christ by Greek Grammar (NJ: The Bible For Today, 1973)]
+:"One wonders if White thinks saints and faithful brethren (Col.1:2) separates saints and faithful brethren, as if they were two different types. Or does he think God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ (Col.1:3) separates God from the Father, as if the Father were not God?" (Dr. Larry Bednar, KJV Textual Technology site)
+====Clement of Alexandria====
+Clement of Alexandria mentioned in his Exhortation to Abandon the Impious Mysteries of Idolatry for the Adoration of the Divine Word and God the Father:
+:This Word, then, the Christ, the cause of both our being at first (for He was in God) and of our well-being, this very Word has now appeared as man, He alone being both, both God and man—the Author of all blessings to us; by whom we, being taught to live well, are sent on our way to life eternal. For, according to that inspired apostle of the Lord, “the grace of God which bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching us, that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; looking for the blessed hope, and appearing of the glory of <u>the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.</u>”
+:This is the New Song, the manifestation of the Word that was in the beginning, and before the beginning. The Saviour, who existed before, has in recent days appeared. He, who is in Him that truly is, has appeared; for the Word, who “was with God,” and by whom all things were created, has appeared as our Teacher. The Word, who in the beginning bestowed on us life as Creator when He formed us, taught us to live well when He appeared as our Teacher; that as God He might afterwards conduct us to the life which never ends.
+Ezra Abbot on the construction of Titus ii. 13 (1881) said:
+:(e) Bishop Ellicott's last argument is that "apparently two of the ante-Nicene (Clem. Alexand. Protrept. 7 [ed. Pott.] and Hippolytus quoted by Words.) and the great bulk of post-Nicene writers concurred in this interpretation." - As to this, I would say that Clement of Alexandria does not cite the passage in proof of the deity of Christ, and there is nothing to show that he adopted the construction which refers the τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ to him.
+====Hippolytus of Rome====
+Hippolytus of Rome in his Treatise on Christ and Antichrist stated:
+:These things, then, I have set shortly before thee, O Theophilus, drawing them from Scripture itself, in order that, maintaining in faith what is written, and anticipating the things that are to be, thou mayest keep thyself void of offence both toward God and toward men, "looking for that blessed hope and appearing of <u>our God and Saviour</u>," when, having raised the saints among us, He will rejoice with them, glorifying the Father. To Him be the glory unto the endless ages of the ages. Amen.
+===Pro KJV reading===
+====Will Kinney====
+[[Will Kinney]] stated:
+:The second verse is found in Titus 2:13 “Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of THE GREAT GOD AND OUR SAVIOUR Jesus Christ;” Here the critics say the KJB rendering does not fully bring out the deity of Jesus Christ. I don’t really understand what they are talking about, because when I read this passage, it clearly declares that Jesus Christ is the great God as well as our Saviour.
+:The NKJV, NIV and NASB all join here in rendering this verse as “the appearing of OUR great God and Savior Jesus Christ.” They apparently think this brings out his deity more clearly. However, it is necessary to point out two very important things in this verse. Number one is that the Greek reads exactly as it stands in the KJB, and not as it is in the NKJV, NIV and NASB.
+:The Greek in all texts reads “the great God and OUR Saviour.” The second thing to point out is the difference in meaning. You see, when Christ appears again in glory, He is the God of everybody - every man, woman and child, believer or unbeliever - but He is OUR Saviour. He is the Saviour of only those who are true Christians, but He is the God and creator of all, and He will be the judge of those who have not believed on Him.
+:So the KJB is actually more accurate here than the NIV, NKJV and NASB. Other versions that read as does the KJB are the ASV, Webster’s Bible, J.B. Phillips, Tyndale 1525, Wycliffe’s 1380, Cranmer’s Bible 1539, Rheims 1582, Coverdale 1535, Bishop's 1568, Geneva Bible 1599, Lamsa of 1933, the Spanish Reina Valera of 1909 , the Italian Diodati and the Third Millenium Bible.
+====Gail Riplinger====
+[[Gail Riplinger]] stated:
+:1.) All Greek texts have the wording of the KJV. None render it as the new versions do.
+:2.) The Granville Sharp theory he cites is just that, a theory. It does not require that the Greek word order be changed, or commas added, but simply states that one person, not two, are presented here.
+:3.) The same grammatical construction is used to express the deity of the Father "God and our Father") in Gal. 1:4, 1 Thes. 1:3, and Phil. 4:20. The O.T. uses such construction frequently (i.e. Is. 45:21, a just God and a Saviour, and Gen. 49:25).
+:4.) New versions omit the definite article "the" great God, seen in all Greek texts. He is the great God, but is only our Saviour since we believe in him.
+:5.) The spelling of 'Saviour' as "Savior" denies his deity. See Webster's distinction between a "savior" ("one who saves") (it could be anyone) and the 'Saviour' "Jesus Christ the Redeemer". (The move from a seven letter word, the Bible's number for perfection, to a six letter word, the Bible's number for man, is a downhill move.)
+====Rev. Matthew Winzer====
+:I haven't read the comments of James White on Tit. 2:13, but I note that the article only appears before the first noun, thus indicating that the two are referring to the one person according to Sharp's first rule. However, that rule has its exceptions, e.g., with regard to proper names.
+:I am inclined to regard it as referring to one person. Taken this way, the two terms should be understood as providing a double reference concerning that person. The way I read the Greek and the AV it is referring to one and the same person under a double aspect: e.g., "I am looking forward to the visit of the great monarch and our queen Elisabeth II." The double reference of the original is thus brought out in an elegant style: (1.) What Christ is in Himself -- the great God. (2.) What He is in relation to us -- our Saviour. By transferring the attributive "our" to the first noun this double reference is lost.
+====Colin Tyler====
+Colin Tyler stated:
+:MJP writes, “Missing the deity of Christ in Titus 2:13 and 2 Peter 1:1. Through ignorance of the ‘Granville Sharp Rule’, which was not defined until the late 1700’s, the KJV reads, ‘God and our Saviour Jesus Christ,’ rather than the correct ‘our God and Saviour Jesus Christ.’”
+:It will perhaps be helpful to give a brief description of the Granville-Sharp Rule first of all because MJP gives no details of it. James White, like MJP, an opponent of KJV onlyism, gives a brief and suitable definition. “Granville-Sharp’s rule states that when you have two nouns, which are not proper names (such as Cephas, or Paul, or Timothy), which are describing a person, and the two nouns are connected by the word “and”, and the first noun has the article (“the”) while the second does not, both nouns are referring to the same person. In our texts, this is demonstrated by the words “God” and “Saviour” at Titus 2.13 and 2 Peter 1.1. “God” has the article, it is followed by the word for “and” and the word “Saviour” does not have the article. Hence, both nouns are being applied to the same person, Jesus Christ.”13 MJP writes “through ignorance of the Granville Sharp Rule … the KJV reads” etc. This implies that divergence from Granville Sharp’s rule, whenever it is applicable, must result in incorrect translation. Are there no other considerations which might justify departure from it? I believe there is one such very important consideration. It is the employment in scripture of the figure of speech called hendiadys.
+:E W Bullinger, describes hendiadys as “Two words used, but one thing meant. …The two words are of the same parts of speech, i.e. Two nouns (or two verbs) always joined together by the conjunction ‘and’. [The two nouns are always in the same case.]”.
+:Examples of the figure hendiadys in the AV from both Testaments are:
+::Jer 36:27 ‘…after that the king had burned the roll and the words which Baruch wrote..”
+::Dan 4:13 ‘….behold a watcher and a holy one came down.”
+::Zeph 1:16 ‘A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities…’
+::Matt 21:5 ‘…sitting upon <u>an ass, and a colt</u> the foal of an ass,’
+::James 1:27 ‘Pure religion and undefiled before <u>God and the Father</u> is this…’
+:The KJV translators have simply preserved the Greek idiom in the verses about which MJP here complains. The KJV translation, “God and our Saviour Jesus Christ” in Titus 2.13 is an hendiadys as is 2 Peter 1.1
+:MJP is not alone in his assertion that the KJV translators erred because they did not know the Granville-Sharp Rule. Modern Scholarship generally agrees with him here. They tell us that the fruit of this KJV ‘error’ is to miss or obscure the deity of Christ. However if we turn to Ephesians 5.5 in some modern translations we find:
+::NASB:……….“in the kingdom of Christ and God”
+::NIV:………….“in the kingdom of Christ and of God”
+::Good News:….“in the kingdom of Christ and of God”
+::New English:…“in the kingdom of Christ and of God”
+:In these instances, they have not followed Granville-Sharp’s rule themselves. They have left the text as though different persons are meant. By their own rules should they not have translated, “the kingdom of Christ our God”? If it be replied that the word “our” is not in the Greek Text, that did not stop them adding it in James 1.27.
+:The translation given to us by the KJV in Titus 2.13 and 1 Peter 1.1 is a literal translation. It also preserves the figure hendiadys. The modern translations frequently omit Greek and Hebrew words and remove the figure hendiadys. At times they translate literally and at times interpretively and criticize the KJV translators for doing the same. MJP also has done this in the tract under discussion. Modern translators add words and delete words and criticize the KJV translators for doing the same. MJP is in bad company. Evil communications corrupt good manners.
+====Kenneth Wuest====
+Kenneth Wuest stated:
+:In Titus 2:13 we have “the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.” We find the same construction in the Greek, and the same rule of grammar requires us to interpret the phrase as teaching that Jesus Christ is the great God. Since the Greek word for “and” should be translated by the word “even” where the context demands such a meaning, we are justified in rendering the phrase “the great God, even our Saviour Jesus Christ,” for the grammatical construction demands that the two expressions, “the great God,” and “Saviour Jesus Christ,” refer to one individual. The word “even” brings out this meaning. The translation could also read, “our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ.” Thus the rules of Greek grammar teach the deity of Jesus Christ. (Kenneth Weust’s Treasures from the Greek New Testament .p. 33 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1945))
+====Peter Ruckman====
+Peter Ruckman stated:
+:"The figure of speech used here (AV) is so common in the Bible that only a fool would have thought that God and Christ were two different persons.  The figure is called a 'hendiady'" (p. 365).
+====John Calvin====
+John Calvin stated:
+:It is uncertain whether these words should be read together thus, “the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ, the great God and our Savior,” or separately, as of the Father and the Son, “the glory of the great God, and of our Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ.”  The Arians, seizing on this latter sense, have endeavored to prove from it, that the Son is less than the Father, because here Paul calls the Father “the great God” by way of distinction from the Son. The orthodox teachers of the Church, for the purpose of shutting out this slander, eagerly contended that both are affirmed of Christ. But the Arians may be refuted in a few words and by solid argument; for Paul, having spoken of the revelation of the glory of “the great God,” immediately added “Christ,” in order to inform us, that that revelation of glory will be in his person; as if he had said that, when Christ shall appear, the greatness of the divine glory shall then be revealed to us.
+:Hence we learn, first, that there is nothing that ought to render us more active or cheerful in doing good than the hope of the future resurrection; and, secondly, that believers ought always to have their eyes fixed on it, that they may not grow weary in the right course; for, if we do not wholly depend upon it, we shall continually be carried away to the vanities of the world. But, since the coming of the Lord to judgment might excite terror in us, Christ is held out to us as our “Savior,” who will also be our judge.
+====Benjamin Hall Kennedy====
+In the [http://www.purebibleforum.com/showthread.php?t=50 Pure Bible Forum] Steven Avery says of Kennedy:
+Benjamin Hall Kennedy (1804-1899) who was one of the committee members on the revision that was railroaded into the Westcott-Hort recension. In discussing Titus 2:13, he made a similar excellent point (although I would not use the word "persons purpose distinct") :
+:As to the passage in Titus, since I believe it to be rightly rendered by the translators of 1611,1 had no occasion to notice it in 1861. But it now becomes a plain though painful duty to contend against the change made by the majority of the Revisers, which seems to me a blot on our work.
+:Let me first set down a state of facts, as preliminary to the whole discussion.
+::(1) St Paul's thirteen epistles contain more than 200 passages, in which the names of God (the Father) and Christ (under various titles) appear in mutual relation, as names of persons purposely distinct. See the list at foot*. [http://books.google.com/books?id=lLQHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA16 The divinity of Christ, a sermon. With an appendix on Romans ix. 5, and Titus ii. 13 (1883)]
+[[Image:Benjamin Hall Kennedy Sharp.jpg|center]]
+===Anti KJV Reading===
+====Modern Versions====
+Most Modern translations read “our great God and Savior Jesus Christ”.
+====Ankerberg and Weldon====
+Ankerberg and Weldon stated:
+:“even the context of Titus 2:13 shows that one Person, not two, was in Paul’s mind, for Paul wrote of the ‘glorious appearing’ of that Person” (Facts on Jehovah’s Witnesses, p. 24).
+====James White====
+On page 81 in the book The King James Version Controversy, by [[James White]], he falsely claims that the KJV distorts the meaning of this verse and obscures the Deity of Christ:
+:"the KJV is shown to be wanting in Titus 2:13."
+On page 201 he says:
+:“The simple fact is that the KJV provides an inferior translation, one that unintentionally detracts from the presentation of the full deity of Jesus Christ. The unwillingness of KJV defenders to overlook this fact is most disturbing.”
+====Granville Sharp====
+Granville Sharp stated:
+:“This testimony, therefore, of the sacred text, in favour of our Lord’s divine nature, ought not to be withheld from the mere English reader” (Remarks, p. 51).
+====I. M. Haldeman====
+I. M. Haldeman stated:
+:“Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit the Apostle Paul speaks of Him as ’our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ’ (correct reading) (Titus 2:13)” (Bible Expositions, I, p. 456).
+====A. T. Robertson====
+A. T. Robertson stated:
+:“is the necessary meaning of the one article with theou and soteros just as in 2 Peter 1:1” (Word Pictures, IV, p. 604).
+====William Hendriksen====
+William Hendriksen stated:
+:“No valid reason has ever been found which would show that the (Granville Sharp) rule does not apply in the present case [Titus 2:13]” (Timothy and Titus, p. 375).
+====Prince Hoare====
+Prince Hoare stated:
+:“the only sense in which the Greek Fathers understand that important passage, for instance, Titus 2:13, is that which is ascribed to it by Mr. Sharp” (Memoirs, I, p. 501).
+====Augustus Strong====
+Augustus Strong stated that Titus 2:13 is:
+“a direct, definite, and even studied declaration of Christ’s divinity” (Systematic Theology, p. 307).
+====James Buswell====
+James Buswell stated:
+:“It is clear from the entire New Testament that it is Christ whose glorious appearing is expected: Christ Jesus is our great God and Saviour” (Systematic Theology, p. 104).  Gordon Clark noted: “The subject matter is the glorious return of our Lord. One person returns; not the Father, but the Son. Hence the great God and Jesus is the same person” (The Trinity, p. 17).
+====J. L. Dagg====
+J. L. Dagg advocated stated:
+:“our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ” (Manual of Theology, pp. 183-184).
+====Ralph Wardlaw====
+Ralph Wardlaw stated:
+:“To avoid all ambiguity, and to express the precise sense of the original, they ought to be rendered, ‘the glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” (Discourses, p. 76).
+====Timothy Dwigh====
+Timothy Dwight stated:
+:“In the Greek it is the Great God even our Saviour Jesus Christ, or our Great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” (Theology Explained, I, p. 526).
+====Theodore Haak====
+Theodore Haak stated:
+:“That is, of Jesus Christ, our great God and Saviour; for both these titles are here ascribed to Jesus Christ.” (English translation of the 1637 Dutch Annotations)
+====H. Harvey====
+H. Harvey stated:
+:“The following context, in the relative clause (verse 14), ’who gave himself for us,’ plainly relates only to Christ, but naturally requires us to take the whole preceding expression, ’our Great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ,’ as its antecedent” (Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles, pp. 139-140).
+====Robert Horton====
+Robert Horton stated:
+:“The qualifying description of verse 14, which refer to Jesus Christ, completely overbalances the sentence if Christ is to be separated from ’the great God’” (Commentary p. 186).
+====Francis Turretin====
+Francis Turretin stated:
+:“Epiphaneia is never attributed to the Father, but always to Christ. He, whose advent we look for, is said to have given himself for us (Tit. 2:14), which applies to Christ alone” (Institutes, I, p. 284).
+====John Dick====
+John Dick who lived from 1764 to 1833 stated:
+:“in which the name of God is given to our Saviour, but the evidence does not appear to common readers, in consequence of the manner in which they have been translated” (Lectures on Theology, I, p. 316).
+also:
+:“our Great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” as “a translation more conformable to the original” (p. 317).
+====Joseph Benson====
+Joseph Benson observed that [[Theodore Beza]] maintained “that one person only is spoken of, namely, Jesus Christ” (New Testament, II, p. 472).
+====Francis Turretin====
+Francis Turretin, who live from 1623 to 1687) stated:
+:“He is called ‘the great God’ (Tit. 2:13)–certainly not the Father, but the Son because only one article is prefixed to the words God and Saviour (which would not be the case if they were two persons)” (Institutes, translated by George Giger, I, p. 284).
+====E. W. Bullinger====
+E. W. Bullinger stated:
+:“of our great God and Saviour” (Figures, p. 505).
+also:
+:“hendiadys: One person being meant, not two” (p. 669).
+====J. H. Murray====
+J. H. Murray stated:
+:“makes it as if two persons were spoken of, the Father and the Son; where the Son only, in the original Greek, is mentioned” (Help, p. 64).
+====Edward Burton====
+Edward Burton stated:
+:“In our authorized version, the words certainly do not necessarily imply that our Saviour Jesus Christ is the great God; but if we were to translate them, as we are equally authorized in doing, ’the glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ,’ it would be obvious to every reader, that the expression great God referred to Jesus Christ” (Testimonies, p. 113, 1829).
+====New World Translation====
+The [[New World Translation]] of the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] states:
+* while we wait for the happy hope and glorious manifestation of the great God and of our Savior, Jesus Christ;
+====English Standard Version====
+* waiting for our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ,
 ==Greek==
@@ Line 48: / Line 271: @@
 * [[1590 AD|1590]] (Beza Octavo 4th)
 * [[1598 AD|1598]] (Beza 4th)
-''See Also [[Matthew 1:1 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''
+''See Also [[Titus 2:13 Beza 1598]] ([[Theodore Beza|Beza]])''
 * [[1604 AD|1604]] (Beza Octavo 5th)
@@ Line 281: / Line 504: @@
 ==See Also==
+* [[Article: “God and our Saviour” or “Our… God and Saviour” in Titus 2:13, 2 Peter 1:1 by KJV Today|“God and our Saviour” or “Our… God and Saviour” in Titus 2:13, 2 Peter 1:1]] by [[KJV Today]]
+* [[The Granville Sharp Rule]]
 ==External Links==
+* [http://brandplucked.webs.com/jameswhitetitus213.htm James White and Titus 2:13 "the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ"] by [[Will Kinney]]
+{{Donate}}

Titus 2:13

From Textus Receptus

Current revision

Contents

Interlinear

Commentary

Modern Critics

Clement of Alexandria

Hippolytus of Rome

Pro KJV reading

Will Kinney

Gail Riplinger

Rev. Matthew Winzer

Colin Tyler

Kenneth Wuest

Peter Ruckman

John Calvin

Benjamin Hall Kennedy

Anti KJV Reading

Modern Versions

Ankerberg and Weldon

James White

Granville Sharp

I. M. Haldeman

A. T. Robertson

William Hendriksen

Prince Hoare

Augustus Strong

James Buswell

J. L. Dagg

Ralph Wardlaw

Timothy Dwigh

Theodore Haak

H. Harvey

Robert Horton

Francis Turretin

John Dick

Joseph Benson

Francis Turretin

E. W. Bullinger

J. H. Murray

Edward Burton

New World Translation

English Standard Version

Greek

Textus Receptus

Colinæus

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

Elzevir

Scholz

Scrivener

Other Greek

Anglo Saxon Translations

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