Κοινωνία

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1. communion, association, partnership, κ. μαλθακά Pi. P. 1.97; οὔτε φιλία ἰδιώταις οὔτε κ. πόλεσιν Th. 3.10; ὅτῳ δὲ μὴ ἔνι κ., φιλία οὐκ ἂν εἴη Pl. Grg. 507e; ἐν ταῖς κ. τε καὶ ὁμιλίαις Id. Lg. 861e, cf. Smp. 182c; ἡ περὶ.. ἀνθρώπους πρὸς ἀλλήλους κ. ib. 188c; ἐν διαλύσει τῆς κ. Id. R. 343d; ἡ τῶν γυναικῶν κ. τοῖς ἀνδράσι, viz. co-education, ib. 466c; ἀνθρωπίνη κ. human society, Id. Plt. 276b; ἡ κ. ἡ πολιτική Arist. Pol. 1252a7; αὕτη ἡ κ., of marriage, ib. 1334b33; πόλις ἡ γενῶν καὶ κωμῶν κ. ib. 1281a1; fellowship, Act. Ap. 2.42, al.; ἡ πρὸς τὸν Δία κ. Arr. Epict. 2.19.27. joint-ownership, PLond. 2.311.2 (ii A.D.), etc.

2. c. gen. objecti, λυγραὶ.. τῶν ὅπλων κ. E. HF 1377; γάμων Pl. Lg. 721a; γυναικῶν Id. R. 461e; ἡ ἡδονῆς τε καὶ λύπης κ. συνδεῖ ib. 462b; τῶν πόνων Id. Ti. 87e; βοηθείας καὶ φιλίας D. 9.28; βίου, of marriage, BGU 1051.9 (Aug.); ἡ κ. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος 2 Corinthians 13:14 (later, of Holy Communion, Just. Nov. 7.11); κ. τῶν ἱερῶν Supp.Epigr. 4.247 (Panamara); τίς θαλάσσης βουκόλοις κ.; what have herdsmen to do with the sea? E. IT 254; τίς δαὶ κατόπτρου καὶ ξίφους κ.; Ar. Th. 140; λύπη μανίας κοινωνίαν ἔχει τινά Alex. 296; opp. ἀκοινωνησία, Dam. Pr. 423. II sexual intercourse, E. Ba. 1276; γυναικὸς λαμβάνειν κοινωνίαν Amphis 20.3.

III

1. charitable contribution, alms, Romans 15:26, Hebrews 13:16, Jahresh. 4 Beibl. 37.

2. charitable disposition, opp. πλεονεξία, Corp.Herm. 13.9. Pythag. name for 2, Theol.Ar. 8.

Thayer's Expanded Definition

κοινωνία, κοινωνίας, ἡ (κοινωνός), fellowship, association, community, communion, joint participation, contact; in the N. T. as in classical Greek

1. the share which one has in anything, participation; with the genitive of the thing in which he shares: πνεύματος, Philippians 2:1; τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, 2 Corinthians 13:13 (14); τῶν παθημάτων τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Philippians 3:10; τῆς πίστεως, Philemon 1:6 (cf. Lightfoot); τοῦ ἱματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, i. e. in the benefits of Christ's death, 1 Corinthians 10:16 (cf. Meyer at the passage); τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ in the (mystical) body of Christ or the church, ibid.; τῆς διακονίας, 2 Corinthians 8:4; τοῦ μυστηρίου, Ephesians 3:9 Rec. εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, to obtain fellowship in the dignity and blessings of the Son of God, 1 Corinthians 1:9, where cf. Meyer.

2. contact, fellowship, intimacy: δεξιά κοινωνίας, the right hand as the sign and pledge of fellowship (in fulfilling the apostolic office), Galatians 2:9 (where see Lightfoot); τίς κοινωνία φωτί πρός σκότος; what in common has light with darkness? 2 Corinthians 6:14 (τίς οὖν κοινωνία πρός Ἀπολλωνα τῷ μηδέν οἰκεῖον ἐπιτετηδευκοτι, Philo, leg. ad Gaium § 14 at the end; εἰ δέ τίς ἐστι κοινωνία πρός Θεούς ἡμῖν, Stobaeus, serm. 28 (i. p. 87, Gaisf. edition)); used of the intimate bond of fellowship which unites Christians: absolutely, Acts 2:42; with εἰς τό εὐαγγέλιον added, Philippians 1:5; κοινωνίαν ἔχειν μεθ' ἡμῶν, μετ' ἀλλήλων, 1 John 1:3, 7; of the fellowship of Christians with God and Christ, μετά τοῦ πατρός καί μετά τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, 1 John 1:3, 6, (which fellowship, according to John's teaching, consists in the fact that Christians are partakers in common of the same mind as God and Christ, and of the blessings arising therefrom). By a use unknown to secular authors κοινωνία in the N. T. denotes:

3. a benefaction jointly contributed, a collection, a contribution, as exhibiting an embodiment and proof of fellowship (cf. Grimm, Exeget. Hdbch. on Wisd. 8:18, p. 176): 2 Corinthians 8:4; εἰς τινα, for the benefit of one, 2 Corinthians 9:13; ποιεῖσθαι κοινωνία (to make a contribution) εἰς τινα, Romans 15:26; joined with εὐποιΐα, Hebrews 13:16. (Cf. Buttmann, § 132, 8.)

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament

κοινωνία , -ας , ἡ

(< κοινωνός ),

[in LXX: Leviticus 6:2 (H3027 H8667), Wisdom of Solomon 8:18, 3 Maccabees 4:6 *;]

1. fellowship, communion: Acts 2:42, 2 Corinthians 6:14, Philippians 1:5; τ . υἱοῦ , 1 Corinthians 1:9; τ . αἵματος , σώματος Χρ ., 1 Corinthians 10:10 : παθημάτων αὐτσῦ , Philippians 3:10; τ . πνεύματος , 2 Corinthians 13:13, Philippians 2:1; δεξιὰς κοινωνίας , Galatians 2:9; τ . πίστεώς σου , Philemon 1:6; seq. μετὰ : τ . πατρός , 1 John 1:3; 1 John 1:6; ἡμῶν , ἀλλήλων , 1 John 1:3; 1 John 1:7.

2. contribution (as outcome of fellowship): Romans 15:26, 2 Corinthians 8:4; 2 Corinthians 9:13, Hebrews 13:6 (cf. Art. Communion, DB, i, 460 ff.; MM, Exp., xv).†

Vocabulary of the Greek NT

It is worth noting that the subst. like the verb (s.v. κοινωνέω ad fin.) is used specially of the closest of all human relationships, e.g. BGU IV. 1051.9 (marriage contract of time of Augustus) συνχωρ [οῦσι Λύ ]καινα καὶ Ἱέραξ συνεληλυθέναι ἀλλ [ήλοις ] πρὸς βίου κοινωνίαν, the coeval 1052.7, and P Oxy XII. 1473.33 (A.D. 201) συνῆλθ [ο ]ν τῷ. . Ὡρείωνι πρὸς γάμου κοινωνία (l.–ίαν). We have the phrase κατὰ κοινωνίαν with gen., ";belonging in common to,"; in P Flor I. 41.5 (A.D. 140), al. For κοινωνία = ";partnership"; see P Ryl II. 117.16 (A.D. 269) ὁ ὁμ ]οπάτριός μου ἀδελφὸς. . πρὸς ὃν οὐδεμ ̣ι ̣α ̣[ν κοι ]ν ̣ω ̣ν ̣ίαν ε ̣̀χ ̣[ω, ";my brother on my father’s side, with whom I have no partnership,"; and the commercial association of Syll 300.54 (B.C. 170) (where see the editor’s note). Cf. the active relationship underlying the word in such passages as Acts 2:42, 2 Corinthians 13:13, Philippians 2:1, and the full discussion of the NT usage by Armitage Robinson in Hastings’ DB i. p. 460 ff. With 1 John 1:6 Sharp (p. 111) compares the use of the term in Epict. ii. 19. 27 περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν Δία κοινωνίας βουλευόμενον, ";aiming to have fellowship with Zeus.";

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