Richard Taverner

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Richard Taverner (c. 1505 – 14 July 1575) is best known for his Bible translation, The Most Sacred Bible whiche is the holy scripture, conteyning the old and new testament, translated into English, and newly recognized with great diligence after most faythful exemplars by Rychard Taverner, commonly known as Taverner's Bible.

Taverner was born at Brisley (about 20 miles northwest of Norwich) (Schaff-Herzog p. 278). In his youth at Christ Church, Oxford, Taverner got into trouble for reading William Tyndale's New Testament, which was being circulated and promoted there by Thomas Garret. In February 1528, Cardinal Wolsey attempted to apprehend Garret, who escaped temporarily with the help of his friend Anthony Dalaber. After being brought back to Oxford, Garret and Dalaber participated in a public act of penance along with Taverner and others who would play a significant part in the Reformation. He studied at Corpus Christi College and Cardinal College at Oxford University, later earning at an MA at Cambridge University.^[1] He was licensed to preach in 1552 and served as justice of the peace in 1558, and as high sheriff of Oxford in 1569.^[2]

Later, under Thomas Cromwell's direction, Taverner became actively engaged in producing works designed to encourage the Reformation in England, which included the publication of his translation of the Bible in 1539, and a commentary published in 1540 with Henry VIII's approval. Taverner's Bible was largely a revision of the Matthew Bible. Taverner brought strong Greek scholarship to the task, but his Hebrew was not as good as his Greek, so that the revisions of the New Testament are considered better than those of the Old.

Cromwell's fall (and subsequent execution) in 1540 put an end to Taverner's literary output and endangered his position. On 2 December 1541 he was sent to the Tower of London by Henry VIII. Soon after, he was released again. He submitted to the King and was restored to royal favour. Under Edward VI, when preachers were scarce, Taverner obtained a license as a lay preacher. Though an ardent supporter of the Reformation (Pragman 1980), Taverner had no intention of becoming a martyr. When Queen Mary came to the throne in 1553, he welcomed her with An Oration Gratulatory. After losing his position at court, he quietly disappeared from public life during her reign. Upon the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, he addressed a congratulatory epistle to her, refused a knighthood she offered him, and preached regularly at St. Mary's Church, Oxford.

In 1539, Taverner published Proverbs or Adages by Desiderius Erasmus Gathered out of the Chiliades and Englished, which was reprinted several times (White 1944). Richard Taverner died on 14 July 1575 and was buried in the chancel of the church at Wood Eaton near Oxford.

Family

The eldest of Richard's younger brothers, Roger Taverner (d. 1572), was a surveyor and writer, and Richard's second son Peter, who established himself at Hexton, Hertfordshire, fathered John Taverner (1584–1638), an Anglican clergyman.

Sources

1. Venn, J.; Venn, J. A., eds. (1922–1958). "Taverner, Richard". Alumni Cantabrigienses (10 vols) (online ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2. Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, "Richard Taverner". Vol. X, p. 278,279. 1911. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.

Paul, William. 2003. Taverner, Richard. English Language Bible Translators, p. 222, 223. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland and Company.
Pragman, James H. 1980. The Augsburg Confession in the English Reformation: Richard Taverner's Contribution. Sixteenth Century Journal, 11.3: 75-85.
White, Olive B. 1944. Richard Taverner's Interpretation of Erasmus in Proverbes or Adagies. Publications of the Modern Language Association, Vol. 59.4: 928-943.

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