Codex Regius (New Testament)

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Codex Regius designated by siglum L^e or 019 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century.^[] The manuscript is lacunose.

Description

The codex contains 257 thick parchment leaves (), with almost complete text of the four Gospels. The codex contains five lacunae (Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, Mark 10:16-30, 15:2-20, John 21:15-25).^[]

The text is written in two columns per pager, 25 lines per page, in large, not round uncial letters. It has breathings (Spiritus asper, Spiritus lenis), and accents often added wrongly.^[] It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter phi is enormously large, the letter alpha presents the last stage of the uncial script.<ref name = Scrivener/>

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια{{#if:|

|[[Category:Articles containing {{#switch:grc
 |ar       = Arabic
 |es       = Spanish
 |de       = German
 |fr       = French
 |ja       = Japanese
 |zh       = Chinese
 |bg       = Bulgarian
 |cs       = Czech
 |da       = Danish
 |nl       = Dutch
 |et       = Estonian
 |fi       = Finnish
 |el       = Greek
 |hu       = Hungarian
 |ga       = Irish
 |grc      = Ancient Greek
 |la|lat   = Latin
 |cy       = Welsh
 |en|eng   = explicitly cited English 
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:Articles containing Template:ISO 639 name grc language text
  |Template:ISO 639 name grc
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}} language text]]

}} (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. It contains also the tables of the κεφαλαια{{#if:|

|[[Category:Articles containing {{#switch:grc
 |ar       = Arabic
 |es       = Spanish
 |de       = German
 |fr       = French
 |ja       = Japanese
 |zh       = Chinese
 |bg       = Bulgarian
 |cs       = Czech
 |da       = Danish
 |nl       = Dutch
 |et       = Estonian
 |fi       = Finnish
 |el       = Greek
 |hu       = Hungarian
 |ga       = Irish
 |grc      = Ancient Greek
 |la|lat   = Latin
 |cy       = Welsh
 |en|eng   = explicitly cited English 
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:Articles containing Template:ISO 639 name grc language text
  |Template:ISO 639 name grc
  |non-English
 }}
}} language text]]

}} before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons at the margin. It contains lectionary markings at the margin.^[]

It is badly written by the scribe, who was more probably Egyptian than Greek, with a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek.

It has two endings to the Gospel of Mark (as in codices Ψ 099 0112 274^mg 579 Lectionary 1602),^[] while John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.

Omissions

Matthew 12:47 omitted (as in codices Codex Sinaiticus, B, 1009, ℓ 12, ff¹, k, syr^c, syr^s, cop^sa). Mark 7:16; 9:44.46; 11:26; Luke 17:36, and John 5:4 are omitted. It contains Luke 22:43-44 (the agony) omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.

{{#if:| }}Matthew 20:23 και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with), as in codices Sinaiticus, B, D, Z, Θ, 085, f¹, f¹³, it, syr^{s, c}, cop^sa.^[]

Luke 9:55b-56a — και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them) omitted as in codices Sinaiticus B C Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop^bo;^[]

Luke 11:4 phrase αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (but deliver us from evil) omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>⁷⁵, Sinaiticus, B, f¹, 700, vg, syr^s, cop^{sa, bo}, arm geo.^[]

thumb|widthpx|220px|John 12:13-14 (facsimile)

Additions

In Matthew 10:12 it reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω instead of αυτην. The reading is used by manuscripts: Sinaiticus*^,2, Bezae, Washingtonianus, Koridethi, f ¹ 1010 (1424), it vg^cl.^[]
In Matt. 27:49 codex contains added text: ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα{{#if:|

|[[Category:Articles containing {{#switch:grc
 |ar       = Arabic
 |es       = Spanish
 |de       = German
 |fr       = French
 |ja       = Japanese
 |zh       = Chinese
 |bg       = Bulgarian
 |cs       = Czech
 |da       = Danish
 |nl       = Dutch
 |et       = Estonian
 |fi       = Finnish
 |el       = Greek
 |hu       = Hungarian
 |ga       = Irish
 |grc      = Ancient Greek
 |la|lat   = Latin
 |cy       = Welsh
 |en|eng   = explicitly cited English 
 |#default = {{#ifexist:Category:Articles containing Template:ISO 639 name grc language text
  |Template:ISO 639 name grc
  |non-English
 }}
}} language text]]

}} (the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood). This reading was derived from John 19:34 and occurs in other manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type (א, B, C, Γ, 1010, 1293, pc, vg^mss).^[]

In John 20:31 it reads ζωην αιωνιον along with א C(*) D Ψ 0100 f¹³ it vg^mss syr^{p, h} cop^sa, cop^bo; majority reads ζωην;^[]

Some readings

In Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμων for Αμως (א, B, C), the reading of the codex agrees with W, f¹³ and the Byzantine text.

Text

The Greek text of this codex is representative of the Alexandrian text-type with a large number of Byzantine readings in the Gospel of Matthew (1:1–17:26). Aland placed it in Category II, which means it has a number of non-Alexandrian readings.^[] According to Wisse, who examined Luke 1; 10; 20, their text is a "core member" of the Alexandrian text.^[]

It is probably the fourth-best manuscript of the Gospels, trailing only P⁷⁵, Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Sinaiticus. It is much closer to Vaticanus than to Sinaiticus.

In some cases it supports Sinaiticus and Vaticanus against almost all of the rest of manuscripts. In Matt 23:38 word ερημος (desert) omitted like in B and ℓ 184. In Matt 19:29 instead εκατονπλασιονα (hundredfold) it has πολλαπλασιονα (manifold) like in codices B and 1010.

In Matthew 19:16 it reads διδασκαλε (teacher) along with manuscripts: א, B, D, f¹, 892^txt, 1010, 1365, ℓ 5, it^{a, d, e, ff1}, cop^bo, eth, geo, Origen, Hilary;

In Luke 22:1 it reads ηγγισεν for εγγιζεν long with Codex Bezae.^[]

In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (and opened the book) together with the manuscripts A, B, W, Ξ, 33, 892, 1195, 1241, ℓ 547, syr^{s, h, pal}, cop^{sa, bo}, against variant καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (and unrolled the book) supported by א, D^c, K, Δ, Θ, Π, Ψ, f¹, f¹³, 28, 565, 700, 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts.^[]^[]

In Luke 14:5 it reads ὄνος ἢ βοῦς for υἱὸς ἢ βοῦς; the reading of the codex is supported by א, K, L, X, Π, Ψ, f¹, f¹³, 33, 892, 1071,ℓ 547;^[]

It was in the 19th century remarked that there is strong resemblance to Codex Vaticanus, to the citations of Origen, and to the margin of the Harkleian Syriac.^[]

History

Probably it was written in Egypt.

The text of the codex was cited by Robert Estienne as η' in his Editio Regia. It was loosely collated by Wettstein. Griesbach set a very high value of the codex. It was edited in 1846 by Tischendorf (Monumenta sacra inedita), but with errors.^[]

The codex is located now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 62), in Paris.<ref name = Aland/>

References

External links

Codex Regius L (019): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+'''Codex Regius''' designated by [[siglum]] '''L<sup>e</sup>''' or '''019''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), ε 56 ([[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|von Soden]]), is a Greek [[uncial]] [[manuscript]] of the [[New Testament]], dated [[Palaeography|paleographically]] to the 8th century.<sup>[]</sup> The manuscript is lacunose.
+== Description ==
+The codex contains 257 thick parchment leaves ({{×|23.5|17}}), with almost complete text of the four [[Gospel]]s. The codex contains five [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunae]] ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matt]] 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 10:16-30, 15:2-20, [[Gospel of John|John]] 21:15-25).<sup>[]</sup>
+The text is written in two columns per pager, 25 lines per page, in large, not round uncial letters. It has breathings ([[Spiritus asper]], [[Spiritus lenis]]), and accents often added wrongly.<sup>[]</sup> It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter [[phi]] is enormously large, the letter [[alpha]] presents the last stage of the uncial script.<ref name = Scrivener/>
+The text is divided according to the {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (''titles'') at the top of the pages. It contains also the tables of the {{lang|grc|κεφαλαια}} before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the [[Eusebian Canons]] at the margin. It contains lectionary markings at the margin.<sup>[]</sup>
+It is badly written by the scribe, who was more probably Egyptian than Greek, with a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek.
+It has two [[Mark 16#Hypothesis About the Ending|endings to the Gospel of Mark]] (as in codices Ψ [[Uncial 099|099]] [[Uncial 0112|0112]] [[Minuscule 274|274<sup>mg</sup>]] [[Minuscule 579|579]] [[Lectionary 1602]]),<sup>[]</sup> while [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery|John 7:53-8:11]] is omitted.
+; Omissions
+:* Matthew 12:47 omitted (as in codices [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], 1009, [[Lectionary 12|'''ℓ''' ''12'']], [[Codex Corbeiensis I|ff<sup>1</sup>]], [[Codex Bobiensis|k]], [[Curetonian Gospels|syr<sup>c</sup>]], [[Syriac Sinaiticus|syr<sup>s</sup>]], cop<sup>sa</sup>). Mark 7:16; 9:44.46; 11:26; Luke 17:36, and John 5:4 are omitted. It contains Luke 22:43-44 (the agony) omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.
+:* {{bibleverse||Matthew|20:23}} {{Unicode|και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε}} (''and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with''), as in codices Sinaiticus, B, [[Codex Bezae|D]], [[Codex Dublinensis|Z]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 085|085]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, it, syr<sup>s, c</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>
+:* Luke 9:55b-56a — και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') omitted as in codices Sinaiticus B C Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;<sup>[]</sup>
+:* Luke 11:4 phrase {{Unicode|αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου}} (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Papyrus 75|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup>]], Sinaiticus, B, [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], vg, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>
+[[File:Codex Regius (John 12,13-14).JPG|thumb|widthpx|220px|John 12:13-14 (facsimile)]]
+; Additions
+:* In Matthew 10:12 it reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω instead of αυτην. The reading is used by manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus|Sinaiticus*<sup>,2</sup>]], [[Codex Bezae|Bezae]],  [[Codex Washingtonianus|Washingtonianus]], [[Codex Koridethi|Koridethi]], [[Family 1|''f'' <sup>1</sup>]] 1010 (1424), it vg<sup>cl</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>
+:* In [[Gospel of Matthew|Matt.]] 27:49 codex contains added text: {{lang|grc|ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα}} (''the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood''). This reading was derived from John 19:34 and occurs in other manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type (א, B, C, [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|Γ]], 1010, 1293, pc, vg<sup>mss</sup>).<sup>[]</sup>
+:* In John 20:31 it reads ζωην αιωνιον along with א C(*) D Ψ [[Uncial 0100|0100]] ''f''<sup>13</sup> it vg<sup>mss</sup> syr<sup>p, h</sup> cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>; majority reads ζωην;<sup>[]</sup>
+; Some readings
+In Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμων for Αμως (א, B, C), the reading of the codex agrees with [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], ''f''<sup>13</sup> and the Byzantine text.
+== Text ==
+The Greek text of this [[codex]] is representative of the [[Alexandrian text-type]] with a large number of [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine readings]] in the Gospel of Matthew (1:1–17:26). [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category II|Category II]], which means it has a number of non-Alexandrian readings.<sup>[]</sup> According to Wisse, who examined Luke 1; 10; 20, their text is a "core member" of the Alexandrian text.<sup>[]</sup>
+It is probably the fourth-best manuscript of the Gospels, trailing only [[Papyrus 75|P<sup>75</sup>]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]], and [[Codex Sinaiticus]]. It is much closer to Vaticanus than to Sinaiticus.
+In some cases it supports Sinaiticus and Vaticanus against almost all of the rest of manuscripts. In Matt 23:38 word ερημος (''desert'') omitted like in B and [[Lectionary 184|'''ℓ''' ''184'']]. In Matt 19:29 instead εκατονπλασιονα (''hundredfold'') it has πολλαπλασιονα (''manifold'') like in codices [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]] and 1010.
+In Matthew 19:16 it reads διδασκαλε (''teacher'') along with manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus|א]], [[Codex Vaticanus|B]], [[Codex Bezae|D]], [[Family 1|''f''<sup>1</sup>]], [[Minuscule 892|892<sup>txt</sup>]], 1010, 1365, [[Lectionary 5|'''ℓ''' ''5'']], it<sup>a, d, e, ff1</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>, eth, geo, Origen, Hilary;
+In Luke 22:1 it reads ηγγισεν for εγγιζεν long with [[Codex Bezae]].<sup>[]</sup>
+In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (''and opened the book'') together with the manuscripts [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]], B, [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Zacynthius|Ξ]], [[Minuscule 33|33]], [[Minuscule 892|892]], 1195, 1241, [[Lectionary 547|'''ℓ''' ''547'']], syr<sup>s, h, pal</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, against variant καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (''and unrolled the book'') supported by א, D<sup>c</sup>, [[Codex Cyprius|K]], [[Codex Sangallensis 48|Δ]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)|Π]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28|28]], [[Minuscule 565|565]], [[Minuscule 700|700]], 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts.<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>
+In Luke 14:5 it reads ὄνος ἢ βοῦς for υἱὸς ἢ βοῦς; the reading of the codex is supported by  א, K, L, X, Π, Ψ, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 33, 892,  1071,'''ℓ''' ''547'';<sup>[]</sup>
+It was in the 19th century remarked that there is strong resemblance to Codex Vaticanus, to the citations of [[Origen]], and to the margin of the Harkleian Syriac.<sup>[]</sup>
+== History ==
+Probably it was written in Egypt.
+The text of the codex was cited by [[Robert Estienne]] as η' in his [[Editio Regia]]. It was loosely collated by [[Johann Jakob Wettstein|Wettstein]]. [[Johann Jakob Griesbach|Griesbach]] set a very high value of the codex. It was edited in 1846 by [[Constantin von Tischendorf|Tischendorf]] (''Monumenta sacra inedita''), but with errors.<sup>[]</sup>
+The codex is located now at the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (Gr. 62), in [[Paris]].<ref name = Aland/>
+== See also ==
+* [[List of New Testament uncials]]
+* [[Textual criticism]]
+== References ==
+== Further reading ==
+* [[Constantin von Tischendorf]], ''Monumenta sacra inedita'' (Leipzig 1846), pp.&nbsp;15–24.
+* [[Henri Omont]], ''Fac-similés des plus anciens manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothèque nationale du IVe et XIIIe siecle'' (Paris 1892).
+== External links ==
+* [http://www.skypoint.com/~waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uLe Codex Regius L (019)]: at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Regius}}
+[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials]]
+[[Category:8th-century biblical manuscripts]]
+[[Category:Bibliothèque nationale de France collections]]

Codex Regius (New Testament)

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Revision as of 16:22, 21 May 2011

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