Revelation 22:19

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(Textus Receptus, Novum Testamentum, Theodore Beza, 5th major edition. Geneva. 1598)

(King James Version, Pure Cambridge Edition 1900)

(King James Version 2016 Edition, 2016) - buy the revised and updated printed 2023 Edition New Testament here

Contents

Interlinear

Commentary

Book of Life

Erasmus

Here are Erasmus's own words, from his Annotationes, page 675 (Full title: In Novum Testamentum annotationes, ab ipso autore iam quartum recognitae, & ex Graecis codicibus quos postea nactus est auctario neutiquam poenitendo locupletatae):

Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla verba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; [B]ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.

In English:

However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.

Some more of Erasmus's own words, from his Responsio ad annotationes Eduardi Lei (“Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations”), page 278:

Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.

In English:

There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna [gap] in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. ... And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.

Erasmus's own words, from his Apologia qua respondet duabis inuectiuis Eduardi Lei (“Defense which responds to Edward Lee’s two invectives”), pages 54-55:

In calce Apocalypsis in exemplari quod tum nobis (erat unicum, nam is liber apud Graecos rarus est inventu), deerat unus atque alter versus. Eos nos addidimus, secuti Latinos codices. Et erant eiusmodi ut ex his quae praecesserant possent reponi. Cυm igitur Basileam mitterem recognitum exemplar, scripsi amicis ut ex aeditione Aldina restituerunt eum locum. Nam mihi nondum emptum erat hoc opus. Id ita, ut iussi, factum est. Queso, quid hic debetur Leo? An ipse quod deerat restituit? Atqui nullum habebat exemplar nisi meum. Sed admonuit. Quasi vero non hoc testatus sim in prioribus annotationibus, quid illic egissem et quid desyderarem.

In English:

At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.

Herman C. Hoskier

Edward Hills

Thomas Holland

=Steven Avery

Steven Avery's research on this verse has shown that church writer references that support the reading "book of life" are:

Ambrose (c 390 AD)</br> Bachiarius (c 420)</br> Andreas of Cappadocia (c 500)</br> Primasius of Adrumentum (552 AD) - Commentary on Revelation</br> Speculum treatise (mss c. 8th century, many consider as Augustine 427 AD origin)</br> Haymo of Halberstadt (9th century) - Commentary on Revelation</br> Pseudo-Augustine (1160) </br>

Among the ancient Bible versions that also support "book of life" are the following:

Bohairic Coptic </br> Old Latin line</br> Latin Vulgate (some read "book" and others have "tree") auferet Deus partem ejus de libro vitæ, et de civitate sancta,</br> Syriac</br> Armenian</br> Ethiopic</br> Arabic</br> Tepl</br>

Latin Manuscripts Codex Fuldensis (~ A.D. 545) Codex Karolinus (9th century); Codex Ulmensis (9th century); Codex Uallicellanus (9th century); corrector of Codex Parisinus (9th century) Codex Oxoniensis (12th to 13th century) Codex Sarisburiensis (thirteenth century)

Critics

NET Bible Notes

NET bible notes on the subject:

tc The Textus Receptus, on which the KJV rests, reads “the book” of life (ἀπὸ βίβλου, apo biblou) instead of “the tree” of life. When the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus translated the NT he had access to no Greek mss for the last six verses of Revelation. So he translated the Latin Vulgate back into Greek at this point. As a result he created seventeen textual variants which were not in any Greek mss. The most notorious of these is this reading. It is thus decidedly inauthentic, while “the tree” of life, found in the best and virtually all Greek mss, is clearly authentic. The confusion was most likely due to an intra-Latin switch: The form of the word for “tree” in Latin in this passage is ligno; the word for “book” is libro. The two-letter difference accounts for an accidental alteration in some Latin mss; that “book of life” as well as “tree of life” is a common expression in the Apocalypse probably accounts for why this was not noticed by Erasmus or the KJV translators. (This textual problem is not discussed in NA27.)

Jan Krans

Dutch scholar Jan Krans (VU University, Amsterdam) has written a 19pp. refutation of the KJVO claims made by Thomas Holland in his book, Crowned with Glory, regarding the "tree of life"/"book of life" reading of Rev. 22:19.

Abstract:

"With Thomas Holland's lengthy discussion of a reading in Rev 22:19 as an example, this article shows how Holland’s way of doing New Testament textual criticism falls short on all academic standards. With respect to the main issue, Erasmus’ retranslation of the final verses of Revelation, Holland fails to properly find, address and evaluate both primary and secondary sources."

http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/

http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v16/Krans2011.pdf

Krans characterizes Holland's work as a "sloppy (lack of) scholarship" (p.6) and openly calls Holland's academic qualifications into question (p.1, n.1) and chooses to "refrain from using the title 'Dr.' which he [Holland] himself consistently uses."

But strangely Krans rejects evidence from early Latin fathers by saying:

"Are these Greek or Latin fathers and commentators? And if they are Latin, do they depend on the Vulgate for their text? And if this is conceivable, why count them as 'evidence' for the reading 'book of life'?" - Textualcriticism list, July 24, 2006.

But this is clearly stacking the evidence, as it is easily proven that early Latin writers were conversant also in Greek, and vice versa, and would have gladly used either Greek or Latin bibles. Also, any Latin quotes before 500 would most represent the Old Latin manuscripts rather than the Vulgate.

Greek

Textus Receptus

Desiderius Erasmus

Colinæus

Stephanus (Robert Estienne)

  • 1546 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 1st)
  • 1549 (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 2nd)
  • 1550 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 3rd - Editio Regia)
  • 1551 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ (Robert Estienne (Stephanus) 4th)

Theodore Beza

Revelation 22:19 in Beza's 1598 Greek New Testament
Revelation 22:19 in Beza's 1598 Greek New Testament

See Also Matthew 1:1 Beza 1598 (Beza)

  • 1604 (Beza Octavo 5th)

Elzevir

Scholz

Scrivener

  • 1894 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.

Other Greek

  • 1857 (Tregelles' Greek New Testament)
  • καί ἐάν τὶς ἀφαιρέω ἀπό ὁ λόγος ὁ βιβλίον ὁ προφητεία οὗτος ἀφαιρέω ὁ θεός ὁ μέρος αὐτός ἀπό ὁ ξύλον ὁ ζωή καί ἐκ ὁ πόλις ὁ ἅγιος ὁ γράφω ἐν ὁ βιβλίον οὗτος (Tischendorf 8th Ed.)
  • 1881 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ. (Westcott & Hort)
  • 1904 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.(Greek orthodox Church)
  • 1904 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.

Anglo Saxon Translations

  • 1000 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Manuscript 140, Corpus Christi College by Aelfric)
  • 1200 (Anglo-Saxon Gospels Hatton Manuscript 38, Bodleian Library by unknown author)

English Translations

  • 1395 And if ony man do awei of the wordis of the book of this prophesie, God schal take awei the part of hym fro the book of lijf, and fro the hooli citee, and fro these thingis that ben writun in this book. (Wyclif's Bible by John Wycliffe)
  • 1534 And yf eny man shall mynyshe of the wordes of ye boke of this prophesy god shall take a waye his parte out of the boke of lyfe and oute of ye holy citie and fro thoo thynge which are written in this boke. (Tyndale Bible by William Tyndale)
  • 1535 And yf eny man shal mynishe of the wordes of the boke of this prophesy, God shal take awaye his parte out of the boke of life, and out of the holy citie, and fro tho thinges which are wrytten in this boke. (Coverdale Bible)
  • 1540 And yf eny man shall mynisshe of the wordes of the boke of this prophesy, God shall take awaye hys parte out of þe boke of lyfe, and out of þe holy cytie, and from the thynges which are written in this boke. (Great Bible Second Edition - Miles Coverdale)
  • 1549 And yf any man shal mynyshe of the wordes of the boke of this prophesy, God shall take awaye hys part out of the boke of lyfe, & out of the holye citie and from those thinges which are wrytten in this boke. (Matthew's Bible - John Rogers)
  • 1568 And yf any man shall minishe of the wordes of the booke of this prophecie, God shal take away his part out of the booke of lyfe, and out of the holy citie, and from the thynges which are writte in this booke. (Bishop's Bible First Edition
  • 1587 And if any man shall diminish of the wordes of the booke of this prophecie, God shall take away his part out of the Booke of life, and out of the holie citie, and from those things which are written in this booke. (Geneva Bible) by William Whittingham
  • 1611 And if any man shall take away from the wordes of the booke of this prophesie, God shal take away his part out of the booke of life, and out of the holy citie, and from the things which are written in this booke. (King James Version)
  • 1729 and if any one shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall exclude him from any interest in the tree of life, and in the holy city, and in the things which are written in this book." (Mace New Testament)
  • 1745 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophesy, God shall take away his part out of the tree of life, and out of the holy city, and the things which are written in this book. (Mr. Whiston's Primitive New Testament)
  • 1769 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (King James Version - Benjamin Blayney)
  • 1770 and if any one take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things that are written in this book. (Worsley Version by John Worsley)
  • 1790 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part of the tree of life, and the holy city, which are written in this book. (Wesley Version by John Wesley)
  • 1795 and if any take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the book of life, and from the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (A Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by Thomas Haweis)
  • 1833 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (Webster Version - by Noah Webster)
  • 1835 and if any one take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city––the things which are written in this book. (Living Oracles by Alexander Campbell)
  • 1849 And if any man make to cease from the words of the book of this prophecy, Aloha will make to cease his portion of the tree of life, and of the holy city of which is written in this book. (Etheridge Translation by John Etheridge)
  • 1851 (Murdock Translation)
  • 1858 and if any one takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and the holy city, described in this book. (The New Testament Translated from the Original Greek by Leicester Sawyer)
  • 1865 and if any one may take away from the words of the scroll of the prophecy this, will take the God the portion of him from the wood of the life, and out of the city the holy, of those having been written in the scroll this. (The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson)
  • 1865 and if any one shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written of in this book. (The New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 1865 by American Bible Union)
  • 1869 and if any one shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written of in this book. (Noyes Translation by George Noyes)
  • 1873 and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book. (King James Version) by Frederick Scrivener)
  • 1885 and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book. (Revised Version also called English Revised Version - Charles Ellicott editor)
  • 1890 And if any one take from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book. (Darby Version 1890 by John Darby)
  • 1898 and if any one may take away from the words of the scroll of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the scroll of the life, and out of the holy city, and the things that have been written in this scroll;' (Young's Literal Translation by Robert Young)
  • 1901 and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book. (American Standard Version - Philip Schaff)
  • 1902 And, if anyone shall take away from the words of this prophetic scroll, God, will take away his part,––from the tree of life, and out of the holy city,––[from] the things written in this scroll. (The Emphasised Bible Rotherham Version)
  • 1902 and if any one may take from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take his part from the tree of life, and from the holy city, from the things which are written in this book. (Translation of the New Testament from the Original Greek by William Godbey)
  • 1904 and, if anyone shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, even from the things written in this book." (The New Testament: Revised and Translated by Adolphus Worrell)
  • 1904 and if any one takes away any of the words in the book containing this prophecy, God will take away his share in the Tree of Life, and in the Holy City—as described in this book.' (Twentieth Century New Testament by Ernest Malan and Mary Higgs)
  • 1911 (Syrus Scofield)
  • 1912 (Weymouth New Testament)
  • 1918 and if any one take away from the words of the book of this prophecy. God will take away his part from the tree of life, and from the holy city; which things are written in this book. (The New Testament Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript by Henry Anderson)
  • 1923 (Edgar Goodspeed)

Foreign Language Versions

Arabic

  • وان كان احد يحذف من اقوال كتاب هذه النبوّة يحذف الله نصيبه من سفر الحياة ومن المدينة المقدسة ومن المكتوب في هذا الكتاب (Arabic Smith & Van Dyke)

Aramaic

  • ܘܐܝܢܐ ܕܡܒܨܪ ܡܢ ܡܠܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܕܢܒܝܘܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܢܒܨܪ ܐܠܗܐ ܡܢܬܗ ܡܢ ܩܝܤܐ ܕܚܝܐ ܘܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܟܬܝܒܢ ܒܟܬܒܐ ܗܢܐ (Aramaic Peshitta)

Basque

  • Eta baldin nehorc ken badeça deus prophetia hunen liburuco hitzetaric, kenduren du Iaincoac haren partea vicitzeco liburutic, eta Ciuitate saindutic, eta liburu hunetan scribatuac diraden gaucetaric.

Bulgarian

  • 1940 и, ако някой отнеме от думите на тая пророческа книга, Бог ще му отнеме дела от дървото на живота и от светия град, които са описани в тая книга. (Bulgarian Bible)

Chinese

  • 1 这 书 上 的 预 言 ， 若 有 人 删 去 甚 麽 ， 神 必 从 这 书 上 所 写 的 生 命 树 和 圣 城 删 去 他 的 分 。 (Chinese Union Version (Simplified))
  • 1 這 書 上 的 預 言 ， 若 有 人 刪 去 甚 麼 ， 神 必 從 這 書 上 所 寫 的 生 命 樹 和 聖 城 刪 去 他 的 分 。 (Chinese Union Version (Traditional))

French

  • et que si quelqu'un ôte quelque chose des paroles du livre de cette prophétie, Dieu ôtera sa part de l'arbre de vie et de la sainte cité, qui sont écrits dans ce livre. (French Darby)
  • 1744 Et si quelqu'un retranche quelque chose des paroles du Livre de cette prophétie, Dieu lui enlèvera la part qu'il a dans le Livre de vie, dans la sainte Cité, et dans les choses qui sont écrites dans ce Livre. (Martin 1744)
  • 1744 Et si quelqu'un retranche des paroles du livre de cette prophétie, Dieu retranchera sa part du livre de vie, et de la sainte cité, et des choses qui sont écrites dans ce livre. (Ostervald 1744)

German

  • 1545 Und so jemand davontut von den Worten des Buchs dieser Weissagung, so wird Gott abtun sein Teil vom Buch des Lebens und von der heiligen Stadt und von dem, was in diesem Buch geschrieben stehet. (Luther 1545)
  • 1871 und wenn jemand von den Worten des Buches dieser Weissagung wegnimmt, so wird Gott sein Teil wegnehmen von dem Baume des Lebens und aus der heiligen Stadt, die (O. von den Dingen, die) in diesem Buche geschrieben ist. (Elberfelder 1871)
  • 1912 Und so jemand davontut von den Worten des Buchs dieser Weissagung, so wird Gott abtun sein Teil von Holz des Lebens und von der heiligen Stadt, davon in diesem Buch geschrieben ist. (Luther 1912)

Italian

  • 1649 E se alcuno toglie delle parole del libro di questa profezia, Iddio gli torrà la sua parte dell’albero della vita, e della santa città, e delle cose scritte in questo libro. (Giovanni Diodati Bible 1649)
  • 1927 e se alcuno toglie qualcosa dalle parole del libro di questa profezia, Iddio gli torrà la sua parte dell’albero della vita e della città santa, delle cose scritte in questo libro. (Riveduta Bible 1927)

Japanese

Latin

  • et si quis deminuerit de verbis libri prophetiae huius auferet Deus partem eius de ligno vitae et de civitate sancta et de his quae scripta sunt in libro isto Latin Vulgate
  • 1527 (Erasmus 1527)
  • 1527 (Erasmus Vulgate 1527)

Pidgin

  • 1996 (Pidgin King Jems)

Romainian

  • 2010 Şi dacă scoate cineva ceva din cuvintele cărţii acestei proorocii, îi va scoate Dumnezeu partea lui dela pomul vieţii şi din cetatea sfîntă, scrise în cartea aceasta.`` (Biblia Traducerea Fidela în limba româna)

Russian

  • 1876 и если кто отнимет что от слов книги пророчества сего, у того отнимет Бог участие в книге жизни и в святом граде и в том, что написано в книге сей. Russian Synodal Version

Phonetically:

Spanish

  • Y si alguno quitare de las palabras del libro de esta profecía, Dios quitará su parte del libro de la vida, y de la santa ciudad, y de las cosas que están escritas en este libro. (RVG Spanish)

Swedish

  • 1917 Och om någon tager bort något från de ord som stå i denna profetias bok, så skall Gud taga ifrån honom hans del i livets träd och i den heliga staden, om vilka är skrivet i denna bok.» (Swedish - Svenska 1917)

Tagalog

  • 1905 At kung ang sinoman ay magalis sa mga salita ng aklat ng hulang ito, ay aalisin ng Dios ang kaniyang bahagi sa punong kahoy ng buhay, at sa bayang banal, na nangakasulat sa aklat na ito. (Ang Dating Biblia 1905)

Tok Pisin

  • 1996 (Tok Pisin King Jems)

Vietnamese

  • 1934 Và kẻ nào bớt điều gì trong những lời ở sách tiên tri nầy, thì Ðức Chúa Trời sẽ cất lấy phần họ về cây sự sống và thành thánh, mà đã chép ra trong sách nầy. (VIET)


See Also

External Links

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