New Testament papyrus: Difference between revisions
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| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 3| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 3|3]]</sup>''' | ||
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| [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 7,10 | | [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 7,10 | ||
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| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 4| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 4|4]]</sup>''' | ||
| 175-250 | | 175-250 | ||
| [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 1-6 | | [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 1-6 | ||
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|- style="background:beige" | |- style="background:beige" | ||
| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 5| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 5|5]]</sup>''' | ||
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| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 6| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 6|6]]</sup>''' | ||
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| [[Gospel of John|John]] 10,11 | | [[Gospel of John|John]] 10,11 | ||
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| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 7| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 7|7]]</sup>''' | ||
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| [[Ukraine]] | | [[Ukraine]] | ||
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| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 8| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 8|8]]</sup>''' | ||
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| [[Germany]] | | [[Germany]] | ||
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| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 9| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 9|9]]</sup>''' | ||
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| [[United States|U.S.]] | | [[United States|U.S.]] | ||
|- style="background:beige" | |- style="background:beige" | ||
| '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 10| | | '''[[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[papyrus 10|10]]</sup>''' | ||
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Revision as of 09:43, 23 January 2011
A New Testament papyrus is a copy of a portion of the New Testament made on papyrus. To date, over one hundred and twenty such papyri are known. In general, they are considered the earliest and best witnesses to the original text of the New Testament.<ref>Nestle-Aland 1996</ref>
This elite status among New Testament manuscripts only began in the 20th century. The grouping was first introduced by Caspar René Gregory, who assigned papyri texts the Blackletter character <math>\mathfrak{P}</math> followed by a superscript number. Before 1900, only 9 papyri manuscripts were known, and only one had been cited in a critical apparatus (<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>11 by Constantin von Tischendorf). These 9 papyri were just single fragments, except for <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>15, which consisted of a single whole leaf.<ref>Aland 1996, pp. 83-84, 87</ref> The discoveries of the twentieth century brought about the earliest known New Testament manuscript fragments.<ref><math>\mathfrak{P}</math>52, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>90, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>98, and <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>104 all dating to the 2nd century</ref> Kenyon in 1912 knew 14 papyri,<ref>Kenyon, F. G., Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, London2, 1912, p. 129.</ref> Aland in his first edition of Kurzgefasste... in 1963 - enumerated 76 papyri, in 1989 - were known 96 papyri, and in 2008 - 124 papyri.
Discoveries were also made of more complete manuscripts, which allowed scholars to examine the textual character of these early manuscripts.<ref><math>\mathfrak{P}</math>66, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>72, and <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>75 of the Bodmer Papyri are notable in this regard. In fact, the preservation level of <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>66 surprised scholars because the first 26 leaves were basically fully intact, and even the stitching of the binding remained.</ref>
Not all of the manuscripts are simply New Testament texts: <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>59, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>60, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>63, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>80 are texts with commentaries, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>2, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>³, and <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>44 are lectionaries, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>50, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>55, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>78 are talismans, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>42; <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>10, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>12, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>42, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>43, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>62, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>99 belong to other miscellaneous texts, such as writing scraps, glossaries, or songs.<ref>Aland 1996, p. 85</ref>
Every papyrus is cited in Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece.
List of all registered New Testament papyri
- The P-numbers are the standard system of Gregory-Aland.
- Dates are estimated to the nearest 50 year increment.
- Content is given to the nearest chapter; verses are not listed. Thus, many of the papyri are small fragments, not whole chapters. For instance, 𝔓52 contains 8 verses out of the 40 verses in John chapter 18.
| Manuscripts in beige rows belong to the Oxyrhynchus Papyri |
| Manuscripts in light cyan rows belong to the Bodmer Papyri |
| Manuscripts in light pink rows belong to the Chester Beatty Papyri |
Distribution based on content
| NT Book | Total | Early | NT Book | Total | Early |
| Matthew | 23 | 11 | 1 Timothy | 0 | 0 |
| Mark | 3 | 1 | 2 Timothy | 0 | 0 |
| Luke | 10 | 6 | Titus | 2 | 1 |
| John | 30 | 19 | Philemon | 2 | 1 |
| Acts | 14 | 7 | Hebrews | 8 | 4 |
| Romans | 10 | 5 | James | 6 | 4 |
| 1 Corinthians | 8 | 3 | 1 Peter | 3 | 1 |
| 2 Corinthians | 4 | 2 | 2 Peter | 2 | 1 |
| Galatians | 2 | 1 | 1 John | 2 | 1 |
| Ephesians | 3 | 3 | 2 John | 1 | 0 |
| Philippians | 3 | 2 | 3 John | 1 | 0 |
| Colossians | 2 | 1 | Jude | 3 | 2 |
| 1 Thessalonians | 4 | 3 | Revelation | 7 | 4 |
| 2 Thessalonians | 2 | 2 | |||
Note: "Early" manuscripts are manuscripts from the fourth century or earlier. Roughly half of the papyri are "early". Some manuscripts contain content from more than one New Testament book, so the numbers above do not directly correspond to the total number of manuscripts.<ref>NOT Aland 1996, p. 85</ref>
See also
- Lists
- Categories of New Testament manuscripts
- List of artifacts significant to the Bible
- List of Egyptian papyri by date
- List of New Testament uncials
- List of New Testament minuscules
- List of New Testament lectionaries
- List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
- List of New Testament Church Fathers
- Other articles
Notes
References
- Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). . Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes (2nd ed. ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-4098-1.
- "Continuation of the Manuscript List" INTF, University of Münster. Retrieved April 9, 2008
- Nestle-Aland. Novum Testamentum Graece. 27th ed. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Druck: 1996, p. 57-63, 684-689
- Seid, Timothy. "A Table of Greek Manuscripts". Interpreting Ancient Manuscripts. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
- Waltz, Robert. "New Testament Manuscripts: Papyri". A Site Inspired By: The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism. Retrieved on June 22, 2007.
- Willker, Wieland. "Complete List of Greek NT Papyri" Last Update: 9 June 2006. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
External links
- A Table of Greek Manuscripts
- Peter M. Head Early Greek Bible Manuscript Project: NT Mss. on Papyrus
- New Testament Transcripts Prototype
- Wieland Willker, A Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels: Fragmentary papyri
- Images of manuscripts
- Institut für Altertumskunde Template:De icon
cs:Seznam papyrů Nového zákona de:Liste der Papyri des Neuen Testaments fr:Liste de papyri du Nouveau Testament pl:Lista kodeksów papirusowych Nowego Testamentu ru:Список папирусов Нового Завета