William Jowett

From Textus Receptus

Revision as of 02:11, 26 January 2020

William Jowett (1787 – 20 February 1855) was a missionary and author, in 1813 becoming the first Anglican clergyman to volunteer for the overseas service of the Church Missionary Society. A leader of the Evangelicals at Cambridge, he worked in Malta, Syria, and Palestine, and in later life was clerical secretary of the Society and a parish priest in Clapham, South London.

Life

The son of John Jowett of Newington, Surrey, William Jowett was also a nephew of the jurist Joseph Jowett.^[1] His father, John Jowett, was a skinner by trade and an early member of the Church Missionary Society.^[2]

Jowett was educated by another uncle, the Reverend Henry Jowett, and then at St John's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1806. He graduated BA (achieving the ranking of twelfth wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos and winning the Hulsean Prize for an essay on the Jews and idolatry) in 1810, then MA in 1813.^[3]

Jowett was a Fellow of St John's from 1811 to 1816. John Henry Overton, in The English Church in the Nineteenth Century, says that "The two Jowetts, Joseph Jowett (1752-1813) and his nephew William Jowett (1787-1855), were also leaders of the Evangelicals at Cambridge.^[4]

In 1813, Jowett became the first Anglican clergyman to step forward for the overseas service of the Church Missionary Society.<ref name="CMSatlasHme">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Between 1815 and 1820 he worked in the Mediterranean region.<ref name="OxfordDNB"/> The Christian Observer noted in May 1816 "The Rev. Wm. Jowett has established himself in Malta",<ref>The Christian Observer, Conducted by Members of the Established Church for the Year 1816, being the Fifteenth Volume (London: John Hatchard, Bookseller to Her Majesty, 1817), p. 330 at books.google.com</ref> while The Baptist Magazine reported in 1816 under the heading 'Church Missionary Society' that Template:Quote

Jowett was based in Malta for most of his first five years in the Mediterranean, but during that period he also lived for a time in Corfu and twice visited Egypt. He returned to England in 1820, with his family, to recover his health.<ref>Edwards, B. B., & Charles Williams, The Missionary Gazetteer; Comprising a Geographical and Statistical Account of the Various Stations of the American and Foreign Protestant Missionary Societies of All Denominations (London: W. Hyde & Co., 1832) p. 273 at books.google.com</ref>

Considering the peoples and religions of Africa while he was based in Malta, Jowett wrote "Even the geographer, whose task lies merely with the surface of the land and sea, confesses that all he has to show of Africa is but as the hem of a garment!"<ref>The History of the Church Missionary Society, vol. 1, Chapter V, Africa and the East Waiting at archive.org</ref>

In 1818, writing from Malta to the Rev. James Connor in Constantinople, Jowett said: "Religious tracts are too generally dull, because they deal more in abstract truth than in living pictures... It is well, in all our observations of life, to keep some very leading truths in view: they serve as beacons, by the help of which the philosophic mind shapes its course."<ref>Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East (Church Missionary House, 1819) pp. 261-262 at books.google.com (see Extract of a letter from the Rev. William Jowett to the Rev. James Connor, dated Malta, Nov. 30, 1818</ref>

Later, from 1823 to 1824, Jowett worked for the Society in Syria and Palestine.<ref name="OxfordDNB"/> Towards the end of 1823, he visited Jerusalem.<ref>Chapin, Walter, The Missionary Gazetteer, Comprising a View of the Inhabitants, and a Geographical Description of the Countries and Places, where Protestant Missionaries Have Labored (Woodstock, Vermont: David Watson, 1825) p. 173 at books.google.com</ref>

From 1832 to 1841, Jowett was clerical secretary of the CMS and was also lecturer at St Mary Aldermanbury and St Peter upon Cornhill, both in the City of London, and at Holy Trinity, Clapham.<ref name="OxfordDNB"/> Eugene Stock, writing The History of the Church Missionary Society at the end of the 19th century, described Jowett in his role as clerical secretary of the Society as "faithful and tender-spirited" and over-shadowed by the Society's Lay Secretary, Dandeson Coates.<ref>Vol 2 - The papers of William Watson, 1832-40: Annotations (see note 50) at newcastle.edu.au</ref>

Jowett retired from his position with the Church Missionary Society in July 1841 on the grounds of ill health, and the Society's Committee resolved as follows: Template:Quote

A Māori chief of the Ngāti Paoa of Waiheke Island, New Zealand, was baptized 'William Jowett' in honour of Jowett, and in Māori usage this name became 'Wiremu Howete'.<ref>Locke, Elsie, and Janet Paul, Mrs Hobson's album (Auckland, 1990) p. 160</ref>

In 1851, Jowett gained the benefice of St John's, Clapham Rise, and he died at Clapham in 1855.<ref name="OxfordDNB"/>

The first Amharic Bible

Jowett gives an account of the creation of the first Amharic Bible, in which he himself played a part.<ref>Jowett, William, Christian Researches in the Mediterranean (London: L. B. Seeley & J. Hatchard, 1822), pp. 198-213</ref> In about 1809, the French consul at Cairo, M. Asselin de Cherville, met an elderly Abyssinian named Abu Rumi, who had been both interpreter to the traveller James Bruce in North Africa and an instructor to the philologist Sir William Jones. Asselin wished to have some important book translated into Amharic, the vernacular language of Abyssinia, as a linguistic exercise, and employed Abu Rumi to translate the Bible.<ref>Jowett, op. cit., pp. 198-199 online at books.google.com</ref> Asselin remarked, however, "I blushed while I offered a salary to a man the most simple, the most virtuous, and the most disinterested, that I ever met with."<ref>Jowett, op. cit., p. 200 online at books.google.com</ref> In 1819, after he had finished the whole translation, Abu Rumi died of the plague at Cairo. In 1820, while on a visit to Cairo, Jowett saw this work in manuscript, entered into negotiations with Asselin, and on 10 April 1820 bought it for the British and Foreign Bible Society "on terms which appeared to... be equitable to all parties".<ref>Jowett, op. cit., pp. 202-203 online at books.google.com</ref> The manuscript consisted of 9,539 pages "...in the hand-writing of the Translator, Abu Rumi; which is a bold and fine specimen of the Amharic character".<ref name="Jowettp203">Jowett, op. cit., p. 203 online at books.google.com</ref> Jowett wrote in 1822: Template:Quote

This was the first ever complete translation of the Bible into Amharic, and the Bible Society produced an edition by Thomas Pell Platt and circulated thousands of copies in Abyssinia, where it caused a sensation. The Amharic Bible of Abu Rumi was later revised for the Bible Society by Johann Ludwig Krapf, a German missionary.<ref>Church Missionary Intelligencer, February and March, 1882 (London: Gilbert and Rivington, 1882): The Missionary Career of Dr Krapf online at anglicanhistory.org</ref> The Abu Rumi Bible was the principle translation of the Bible in Amharic until the Emperor Haile Selassie ordered a new translation which appeared in 1960-61.<ref>Ullendorff, Edward, Ethiopia and the Bible (Oxford: The British Academy, 1968), p. 66</ref>

Wife and children

In 1815, Jowett had married Martha, a daughter of John Whiting of Little Palgrave, Norfolk, and they had seven children together, but his wife died long before him, in 1829.<ref name="OxfordDNB"/> She had worked as a missionary alongside her husband, and according to Emma Raymond Pitman's Heroines of the Mission Field (1880), "Miss Martha Whiting in her youth received a superior education, and evinced not only a zeal for the acquisition of knowledge, but an aptitude for acquiring languages".<ref>Pitman, Emma Raymond, Heroines of the Mission Field: Biographical Sketches of Female Missionaries who Have Laboured in Various Lands Among the Heathen (Cassell, Petter, Galpin, 1880), p. 322</ref> A number of her letters survive.<ref>Matthews, Noel, et al., A Guide to Manuscripts and Documents in the British Isles Relating to the Middle East and North Africa (Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 74</ref> A memorial inscription to Martha Jowett at St Mary's, Lewisham, reads "In memory of Martha, the beloved wife of the Rev. William Jowett M.A., She was eleven years resident as a missionary in Malta, born Oct. 22, 1789, died June 24, 1829. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?"<ref>Kirby, Herbert Charles, & Leland Lewis Duncan, The Monumental Inscriptions in the Church and Churchyard of S. Mary, Lewisham (Lewisham Antiquarian Society, 1889) p. 27</ref>

Publications

In 1822 Jowett published a work on the Mediterranean, Christian Researches, and in 1825 other work on Syria and Palestine.<ref name="OxfordDNB"/> Among his many other works, a memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale ran into two editions.<ref name="Memoir">Jowett, William, Memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale, M. A. (2nd edition, 1835) Title page at books.google.com</ref>

• Christian researches in the Mediterranean, from MDCCCXV to MDCCCXX in the furtherance of the objects of the Church Missionary Society, with an appendix containing the Journal of the Rev. James Connor, chiefly in Syria and Palestine (London: L. B. Seeley and J. Hatchard, for the Church Missionary Society, 1822)<ref>Jowett, William, Christian researches in the Mediterranean, from MDCCCXV to MDCCCXX (1822) Title page at books.google.com</ref>
• Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land in MDCCCXXIII and MDCCCXXIV, in Furtherance of the Objects of the Church Missionary Society: with an Appendix Containing the Journal of Mr. Joseph Greaves on a Visit to the Regency of Tunis (London: L. B. Seeley and J. Hatchard, 1825)<ref>Jowett, William, Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land in MDCCCXXIII and MDCCCXXIV (2nd edition, 1826), Title page at books.google.com</ref>
• A Memoir of the Rev. W. A. B. Johnson, Missionary of the Church Missionary Society in Regent's Town, Sierra Leone, A.D. 1816-1823, Compiled from his Journals, etc., by R. B. Seeley, with some prefatory remarks by the Rev. William Jowett, M. A. (London: 1832, 430pp)
• Memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale, M. A., to which are added his Remains; being Sermons, Allegories & Various Compositions in Prose and Verse (London: Seeley & Burnside, 2nd edition, 1835)<ref name="Memoir"/>
• The Christian visitor; or, Select portions of the Old Testament, Genesis to Job; with expositions and prayers, designed to assist the friends of the sick and afflicted (London: R. B. Seeley & W. Burnside, 1836)<ref>Jowett, William, The Christian visitor... (1836) Title page at books.google.com</ref>
• Helps to Pastoral Visitation: illustrating the Spiritual Intercourse of a Minister with his Flock (London: Seeley, Burnside & Seeley, 1844, 342pp)
• Scripture Characters: First Series: Adam to Abraham B.C. 4004—1822 (London: Seeley, Burnside & Seeley, 1847)<ref>Jowett, William, Scripture Characters: First Series: Adam to Abraham B.C. 4004—1822 (1847) Title page at books.google.com</ref>
• Family Prayers for Five Weeks (London: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday, 1855)<ref>Jowett, William, Family Prayers for Five Weeks (1855) Title page at books.google.com</ref>

Seventy-eight letters written by Jowett from Malta and England between 1816 and 1836 are held in the British and Foreign Bible Society's Archives.<ref>BFBS Archives Indexes at janus.lib.cam.ac.uk</ref>

J. H. Overton notes "Henry Blunt, Josiah Pratt, William Jowett, Basil Woodd, in fact, almost all the leaders of the Evangelical party, were writers of devotional works which have shared the inevitable fate of the vast majority of such works, and, having served their purpose in their day, passed into oblivion."^[4]

References

• 1. Goodwin, G., revised by H. C. G. Matthew, 'Jowett, William (1787–1855), missionary', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
• 2. Stock, Eugene, The History of the Church Missionary Society, its Environment, its Men and its Work, vol. 1, Chapter VII, The New Society and its Early Struggles, p. 70, online at archive.org
• 3. "Jowett, William (JWT806W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
• 4. Overton, John Henry The English church in the nineteenth century (1800-1833) (1893), Chapter III, The Evangelicals, p. 65
• 5.
• 6.
• 7.
• 8.
• 9.
• 10.
• 11
• 12.
• 13.
• 14.
• 15.
• 16.
• 17.
• 18.
• 19.*
• 20.
• 21.
• 22.
• 23.
• 24.
• 25.
• 26.
• 27.
• 28.
• 29.
• 30.
• 31.

External links

• Jowett's Christian researches in the Mediterranean, from MDCCCXV to MDCCCXX (1822) - full text online at google.com
• Jowett's Christian researches in Syria and the Holy Land in MDCCCXXIII and MDCCCXXIV (2nd edition, 1826) - full text online at google.com
• Jowett's Memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale M.A. (2nd edition, 1835) - full text online at google.com
• Jowett's The Christian visitor; or, Select portions of the Old Testament, Genesis to Job (1836) - full text online at google.com
• Jowett's Scripture Characters: First Series: Adam to Abraham B.C. 4004—1822 (1847) - full text online at google.com
• Jowett's Family Prayers for Five Weeks (1855) - full text online at google.com