Homoioteleuton

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-	'''Homeoteleuton''', also spelled as '''homoeoteleuton''' and '''homoioteleuton''', (from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''ὁμοιοτέλευτον'',<sup>[1]</sup>	+	#REDIRECT [[Homeoteleuton]]
-	''homoioteleuton'', "like ending") is the repetition of endings in words. Homeoteleuton is also known as '''near rhyme'''.<sup>[2]</sup>	+
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-	==History==	+
-	Homeoteleuton (homoioteleuton) was first identified by [[Aristotle]] in his ''[[Rhetoric (Aristotle)|Rhetoric]]'', where he identifies it as two lines of verse which end with words having the same ending. He uses the example of	+
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-	:ᾦηθησαν αὐτὸν παίδιον τετοκέναι	+
-	:ἀλλ' αὐτοῦ αἴτιον γεγονέναι (1410a20)	+
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-	:''ōiēthēsan auton paidion tetokenai,''	+
-	:''all' autou aition gegonenai'' (1410a20)	+
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-	:they thought that he was the father of a child,	+
-	:but that he was the cause of it (1410a20)<sup>[3]</sup>	+
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-	In [[Latin]] rhetoric and poetry homeoteleuton was a frequently used device. It was used to associate the two words which had the similar endings and bring them to the reader's attention.	+
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-	:We are all bound up together in one great bundle of humanity,	+
-	:and society cannot trample on the weak''est'' and feebl''est''	+
-	:of its members without receiving the curse in its own soul.	+
-	:(Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, speech, 1866)	+
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-	:Hungry people cannot be good at learn''ing''	+
-	:or produc''ing'' anyth''ing'' except	+
-	:perhaps violence.	+
-	:(Pearl Bailey, Pearl's Kitchen)	+
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-	:He arrived at ideas the slow way, never skat''ing''	+
-	:over the clear, hard ice of logic, nor soar''ing''	+
-	:on the slipstreams of imagination, but slogg''ing'',	+
-	:plodd''ing'' along on the heavy ground of existence.	+
-	:(Ursula K. LeGuin, The Lathe of Heaven)	+
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-	==Types of homeoteleuton==	+
-	Today, homeoteleuton denotes more than Aristotle's original definition.	+
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-	===Near rhyme===	+
-	As rhyme, homeoteleuton is not very effective. It is the repetition of word endings. Because endings are usually unstressed and rhyme arises from stressed [[syllable]]s, they do not rhyme well at all. In the following passage	+
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-	::The waters rose rapidly,	+
-	::and I dove under quickly.	+
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-	both ''rapidly'' and ''quickly'' end with the [[adverb|adverbial]] ending ''-ly''. Although they end with the same sound, they don't rhyme because the stressed syllable on each word (RA-pid-ly and QUICK-ly) has a different sound.<sup>[4]</sup>	+
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-	However, use of this device still ties words together in a sort of rhyme or echo relationship, even in prose passages:	+
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-	<poem>It is important to use all knowledge ethical''ly'',	+
-	humane''ly'', and loving''ly''.	+
-	(Carol Pearson, The Hero Within)</poem>	+
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-	"Well, sir, here's to plain speak''ing'' and clear understand''ing''."	+
-	(Caspar Gutman to Sam Spade, Chapter XI (The Fat Man) in Dashiell Hammett, ''The Maltese Falcon'' (1930)	+
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-	"The cheap''er'' the crook, the gaudi''er'' the patt''er''."	+
-	(Sam Spade to Wilmer, Chapter XII (Merry-Go-Round) in Dashiell Hammett, ''The Maltese Falcon'' (1930)	+
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-	===Scribal error===	+
-	In the field of [[palaeography]] and [[textual criticism]], homeoteleuton has also come to mean a form of copyist error present in ancient texts. A scribe would be writing out a new copy of a frequently reproduced book, such as the [[Bible]]. As the scribe was reading the original text, his eyes would skip from one word to the same word on a later line, leaving out a line or two in the transcription. When transcripts were made of the scribe's flawed copy (and not the original) errors are passed on into posterity.	+
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-	One example of this falsely claimed to be found in the Bible, more specifically in [[1 Samuel 11]]. The [[Israel|Israelite]] city of [[Jabesh-Gilead]] was under siege by the [[Ammon]]ites:	+
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-	::Then Nahash the Ammonite came up and camped against Jabesh-gilead: and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us, and we will serve thee. But Nahash the Ammonite answered them, On this ''condition'' I will make a ''covenant'' with you, that I thrust out all your right eyes, and lay it ''for'' a reproach upon all Israel. [[1 Samuel 11:1]]-[[1 Samuel 11:2|2]]	+
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-	Textual critics claim that prior passages do not explain Nahash's desire to blind the Israelites, and scholars have been unable to explain this punishment in the context of the Bible. A find from the [[Dead Sea scrolls]], the scroll 4QSam<sup>a</sup>, gives the missing beginning the I Samuel 11.<sup>[5]</sup> Some very recent English translations (such as the [[TNIV]]) add the reading in a footnote.	+
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-	==References==	+
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-	== Further reading ==	+
-	* ''Holy Bible: Concordance.'' World Publishing Company: Cleveland.	+
-	* Cuddon, J.A., ed. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory.'' 3rd ed. Penguin Books: New York, 1991.	+
-	* Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920). Greek Grammar. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. p. 678. ISBN 0-674-36250-0.	+
-	* Paul D. Wegner, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=SIMsY6b2n2gC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''A student's guide to textual criticism of the Bible: its history, methods, and results''], InterVarsity Press, 2006, p. 49.	+
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-	[[Category:Palaeography]]	+
-	[[Category:Rhetorical techniques]]	+

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Current revision

1. REDIRECT Homeoteleuton