E. W. Bullinger
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[[Image:E W Bullinger.jpg|300px|thumb|right|E. W. Bullinger]] | [[Image:E W Bullinger.jpg|300px|thumb|right|E. W. Bullinger]] | ||
| - | '''Ethelbert William Bullinger''' [[Associate of King's College|AKC]] ([[December 15]], [[1837 AD|1837]] – [[June 6]], [[1913 AD|1913]]) was an [[Anglican]] clergyman, Biblical scholar, and [[ultradispensationalism|ultradispensationalist]] theologian. | + | '''Ethelbert William Bullinger''' [[Associate of King's College|AKC]] ([[December 15]], [[1837 AD|1837]] – [[June 6]], [[1913 AD|1913]]) was an [[Anglican]] clergyman, Biblical scholar, and [[ultradispensationalism|ultradispensationalist]] theologian. |
==Life and work== | ==Life and work== | ||
| - | He was born in [[Canterbury]], [[Kent]], [[England]], the youngest of five children of William and Mary (Bent) Bullinger < | + | He was born in [[Canterbury]], [[Kent]], [[England]], the youngest of five children of William and Mary (Bent) Bullinger <sup>[1]</sup>. His family traced their ancestry back to [[Heinrich Bullinger]], the Swiss Reformer<sup>[2]</sup>. |
| - | His formal theological training was at [[King's College London]] from 1860-1861, earning an Associate's degree< | + | His formal theological training was at [[King's College London]] from 1860-1861, earning an Associate's degree<sup>[3]</sup>. After graduation, on October 15, 1861, he married Emma Dobson, thirteen years his senior<sup>[4]</sup>. |
| - | Bullinger's career in the Church of England spanned 1861 until 1888. He began as associate [[curate]] in the [[parish]] of St. Mary Magdalene, [[Bermondsey]] in 1861< | + | Bullinger's career in the Church of England spanned [[1861 AD|1861]] until [[1888|1888]]. He began as associate [[curate]] in the [[parish]] of St. Mary Magdalene, [[Bermondsey]] in [[1861 AD|1861]] <sup>[5]</sup>, and was ordained as a priest in the [[Church of England]] in [[1862 AD|1862]] <sup>[6]</sup>. He served as parish curate in [[Tittleshall]] from [[1863 AD|1863]]-[[1866 AD|1866]]; [[Notting Hill]] from [[1866 AD|1866]]-[[1869 AD|1869]]; [[Leytonstone]], [[1869 AD|1869]]-[[1870 AD|1870]]; then [[Walthamstow]] until he became [[vicar]] of the newly established parish of St. Stephen's in [[1874 AD|1874]]. He resigned his vicarage in [[1888 AD|1888]].<sup>[7]</sup> |
| - | In the spring of 1867, Bullinger became clerical secretary of the [[Trinitarian Bible Society]], a position he would hold till his death in 1913< | + | In the spring of [[1867 AD|1867]], Bullinger became clerical secretary of the [[Trinitarian Bible Society]], a position he would hold till his death in [[1913 AD|1913]]<sup>[8]</sup>. |
In the great Anglican debate of the [[Victorian era]], he was a [[Low Church]]man rather than [[High Church| High Church sacerdotalist]]. | In the great Anglican debate of the [[Victorian era]], he was a [[Low Church]]man rather than [[High Church| High Church sacerdotalist]]. | ||
His three major works were | His three major works were | ||
| - | *''A Critical Lexicon and Concordance to the English and Greek New Testament'' (1877) ISBN 0-8254-2096-2; | + | *''A Critical Lexicon and Concordance to the English and Greek New Testament'' ([[1877 AD|1877]]) ISBN 0-8254-2096-2; |
| - | *''Figures of Speech Used in the Bible'' (1898) ISBN 0-8010-0559-0 | + | *''Figures of Speech Used in the Bible'' ([[1898 AD|1898]]) ISBN 0-8010-0559-0 |
| - | *primary editor of ''The Companion Bible'' (published in 6 parts, 1909-1922 ISBN 0-8254-2177-2. It was completed after his death by his associates. | + | *primary editor of ''The Companion Bible'' (published in 6 parts, [[1909 AD|1909]]-[[1922 AD|1922]] ISBN 0-8254-2177-2. It was completed after his death by his associates. |
| - | These works and many others remain in print (2007). | + | These works and many others remain in print ([[2007 AD|2007]]). |
| - | In 1881, he received a Doctor of Divinity degree from [[Archibald Campbell Tait]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] who cited Bullinger's "eminent service in the Church in the department of Biblical criticism." < | + | In [[1881 AD|1881]], he received a Doctor of Divinity degree from [[Archibald Campbell Tait]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] who cited Bullinger's "eminent service in the Church in the department of Biblical criticism." <sup>[9]</sup> |
Bullinger's friends included well-known [[Zionist]] [[Herzl|Dr. Theodore Herzl]]. This was a personal friendship, but accorded with Bullinger's belief in a Biblical distinction between the Church and the Jewish People. | Bullinger's friends included well-known [[Zionist]] [[Herzl|Dr. Theodore Herzl]]. This was a personal friendship, but accorded with Bullinger's belief in a Biblical distinction between the Church and the Jewish People. | ||
===Trinitarian Bible Society=== | ===Trinitarian Bible Society=== | ||
| - | In 1867, at age 29, Bullinger accepted the office of clerical secretary of the [[Trinitarian Bible Society]] (TBS), an office which he exercised, with rare lapses due to illness in his later years, until his death. | + | In [[1869 AD|1867]], at age 29, Bullinger accepted the office of clerical secretary of the [[Trinitarian Bible Society]] (TBS), an office which he exercised, with rare lapses due to illness in his later years, until his death. Accomplishments of TBS during his secretariat include: |
* Completion and publication of a Hebrew version of the New Testament under a TBS contract with [[Christian David Ginsburg]] after the demise of Isaac Salkinson. | * Completion and publication of a Hebrew version of the New Testament under a TBS contract with [[Christian David Ginsburg]] after the demise of Isaac Salkinson. | ||
* Publication of Ginsburg's first edition of the [[Tanakh]] (''Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible''). | * Publication of Ginsburg's first edition of the [[Tanakh]] (''Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible''). | ||
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Bullinger was also a practiced musician. As part of his support for the Breton Mission, he collected and harmonized several previously untranscribed Breton hymns on his visits to Tremel, Brittany. | Bullinger was also a practiced musician. As part of his support for the Breton Mission, he collected and harmonized several previously untranscribed Breton hymns on his visits to Tremel, Brittany. | ||
| - | Bullinger's TBS workload in his later years was reduced by the assistance of [[Henry Charles Bowker]] and [[Charles_Henry_Welch|Charles Welch]]. Their assistance enabled him to focus on ''The Companion Bible'' in his final years. Bullinger and Ginsburg parted ways, and another edition of Tanakh was published by the [[British and Foreign Bible Society]]. | + | Bullinger's [[TBS]] workload in his later years was reduced by the assistance of [[Henry Charles Bowker]] and [[Charles_Henry_Welch|Charles Welch]]. Their assistance enabled him to focus on ''The Companion Bible'' in his final years. Bullinger and Ginsburg parted ways, and another edition of Tanakh was published by the [[British and Foreign Bible Society]]. |
==Theology== | ==Theology== | ||
| - | Bullinger is the originator of [[Ultradispensationalism]], at times referred to as Bullingerism | + | Bullinger is the originator of [[Ultradispensationalism]], at times referred to as Bullingerism<sup>[10]</sup>. Ultradispensationalism differs from [[dispensationalism]] with regard to the beginning of the church. Mainstream dispensationalists hold that the church began in Acts 2, while ultradispensationalists believe the church began at some point after [[Acts 2]] (i.e., [[Acts 9]]-[[Acts 13|13]] or after [[Acts 28]]). Bullinger's views included [[Soul Sleep|soul sleep]], or the cessation of the soul between death and resurrection<sup>[11]</sup>. While Bullinger did not express any views concerning the final state of the lost, many of his followers did hold to [[annihilationism]]. Bullinger was editor of a monthly journal ''Things to Come'' for 19 years, and contributed many articles. |
| - | Bullinger described dispensations as divine "administrations" or "arrangements" wherein God deals at distinct time periods and with distinct groups of people "on distinct principles, and the doctrine relating to each must be kept distinct." He emphasizes that "Nothing but confusion can arise from reading into one dispensation that which relates to another." {Companion Bible, < | + | Bullinger described dispensations as divine "administrations" or "arrangements" wherein God deals at distinct time periods and with distinct groups of people "on distinct principles, and the doctrine relating to each must be kept distinct." He emphasizes that "Nothing but confusion can arise from reading into one dispensation that which relates to another." {Companion Bible, <sup>[12]</sup>} He listed seven dispensations in the Bible: |
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Revision as of 07:00, 29 November 2009
Ethelbert William Bullinger AKC (December 15, 1837 – June 6, 1913) was an Anglican clergyman, Biblical scholar, and ultradispensationalist theologian.
Contents |
Life and work
He was born in Canterbury, Kent, England, the youngest of five children of William and Mary (Bent) Bullinger [1]. His family traced their ancestry back to Heinrich Bullinger, the Swiss Reformer[2].
His formal theological training was at King's College London from 1860-1861, earning an Associate's degree[3]. After graduation, on October 15, 1861, he married Emma Dobson, thirteen years his senior[4].
Bullinger's career in the Church of England spanned 1861 until 1888. He began as associate curate in the parish of St. Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey in 1861 [5], and was ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1862 [6]. He served as parish curate in Tittleshall from 1863-1866; Notting Hill from 1866-1869; Leytonstone, 1869-1870; then Walthamstow until he became vicar of the newly established parish of St. Stephen's in 1874. He resigned his vicarage in 1888.[7]
In the spring of 1867, Bullinger became clerical secretary of the Trinitarian Bible Society, a position he would hold till his death in 1913[8].
In the great Anglican debate of the Victorian era, he was a Low Churchman rather than High Church sacerdotalist.
His three major works were
- A Critical Lexicon and Concordance to the English and Greek New Testament (1877) ISBN 0-8254-2096-2;
- Figures of Speech Used in the Bible (1898) ISBN 0-8010-0559-0
- primary editor of The Companion Bible (published in 6 parts, 1909-1922 ISBN 0-8254-2177-2. It was completed after his death by his associates.
These works and many others remain in print (2007).
In 1881, he received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury who cited Bullinger's "eminent service in the Church in the department of Biblical criticism." [9]
Bullinger's friends included well-known Zionist Dr. Theodore Herzl. This was a personal friendship, but accorded with Bullinger's belief in a Biblical distinction between the Church and the Jewish People.
Trinitarian Bible Society
In 1867, at age 29, Bullinger accepted the office of clerical secretary of the Trinitarian Bible Society (TBS), an office which he exercised, with rare lapses due to illness in his later years, until his death. Accomplishments of TBS during his secretariat include:
- Completion and publication of a Hebrew version of the New Testament under a TBS contract with Christian David Ginsburg after the demise of Isaac Salkinson.
- Publication of Ginsburg's first edition of the Tanakh (Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible).
- Formation of the Brittany Evangelical Mission Society under Pasteur LeCoat and translation of the Bible into the Breton language.
- First-ever Protestant Portuguese Reference Bible.
- Distribution of Spanish language Bibles in Spain after the Spanish Revolution of 1868.
Bullinger was also a practiced musician. As part of his support for the Breton Mission, he collected and harmonized several previously untranscribed Breton hymns on his visits to Tremel, Brittany.
Bullinger's TBS workload in his later years was reduced by the assistance of Henry Charles Bowker and Charles Welch. Their assistance enabled him to focus on The Companion Bible in his final years. Bullinger and Ginsburg parted ways, and another edition of Tanakh was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society.
Theology
Bullinger is the originator of Ultradispensationalism, at times referred to as Bullingerism[10]. Ultradispensationalism differs from dispensationalism with regard to the beginning of the church. Mainstream dispensationalists hold that the church began in Acts 2, while ultradispensationalists believe the church began at some point after Acts 2 (i.e., Acts 9-13 or after Acts 28). Bullinger's views included soul sleep, or the cessation of the soul between death and resurrection[11]. While Bullinger did not express any views concerning the final state of the lost, many of his followers did hold to annihilationism. Bullinger was editor of a monthly journal Things to Come for 19 years, and contributed many articles.
Bullinger described dispensations as divine "administrations" or "arrangements" wherein God deals at distinct time periods and with distinct groups of people "on distinct principles, and the doctrine relating to each must be kept distinct." He emphasizes that "Nothing but confusion can arise from reading into one dispensation that which relates to another." {Companion Bible, [12]} He listed seven dispensations in the Bible:
| Dispensational Scheme of Bullinger | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edenic state of Innocence | Period "without law" | Period under the Law | Period of Grace | Epoch of Judgment | Millennial Age | The Eternal State of Glory |
| Genesis 1-3 ended with the expulsion from Eden | Genesis 4 to Exodus 19 ended with the flood and judgment on Babel | Exodus 20 to Acts 28 ended at the rejection by Israel of the grace of God at the end of Acts | Church History end at the Day of the Lord | Tribulation end at the destruction of the Antichrist | Rev 20:4-6 end with the destruction of Satan | Rev 20-22 no end |
See also
- Harry A. Ironside — a dispensationalist who was a critic of ultra-dispensationalism.
Footnotes
- 1. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, p.27
- 2. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, p.28-29
- 3. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, p.35
- 4. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, p.39
- 5. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, p.39
- 6. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, p.40, states July 6, 1862.
- 7. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, pp.42-47, 55, 65
- 8. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, pp.71-73
- 9. E. W. Bullinger: A Biography, Carey, Juanita, 2000, pp.62
- 10. Elwell, Walter A. (1984). Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House. ISBN 0801034132. p. 1120
- 11. Bullinger, E. W. (1902). The Rich Man and Lazarus or "The Intermediate State". London: Eyrie & Spottiswood.
- 12. Bullinger, E. W. (1922). Companion Bible. Appendix 181.
References
1. Carey, Juanita S. (1988). E.W. Bullinger: A Biography. Kregel Publications. ISBN 0-8254-2372-4.
External links
- EW Bullinger Books Website
- The Companion Bible In PDF Format... Free Downloads
- Appendixes to The Companion Bible (All 198 appendices to the Bible)
- Google has a limited preview of The Companion Bible
- The Companion Bible (Condensed) on line
- E.W. Bullinger: Did Jephthah really sacrifice his daughter?
- Number in Scripture
- The Christian's Greatest Need
- Number in Scripture: Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance (4th Edition, Revised)
- The Rich Man and Lazarus - the Intermediate State
- Great Cloud of Witnesses
- The Two Natures in the Child of God
- The Witness of the Stars
For more information on Bullinger's dispensationalism go here : E.W. Bullinger's "How to Enjoy the Bible - Rightly Dividing the Word as to its Times and Dispensations" and here : E.W. Bullinger's "How to Enjoy the Bible".
