Nick: /* Ottoman period */

2023-04-30T09:58:00Z

Ottoman period

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:58, 30 April 2023
Line 28:		Line 28:
	===Ottoman period===		===Ottoman period===
	Akeldama has been the property of the [[Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] since the 16th century.		Akeldama has been the property of the [[Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] since the 16th century.

	[[Image:Aceldama PA180088.JPG\|thumb\|200px\|St. Onuphrius Monastery: close-up of the entrance. Above the doorway is a stone carving of St. Onuphrius bowing to an angel. Noticeable are his long beard, the fact that he is naked except for leaves around his loins and his legs.]]

	In 1892 the Greek Orthodox Church [[St. Onuphrius Monastery\|built a monastery]] at the site, named after Saint [[Onuphrius]]. Many burial caves have been identified in and around the monastery.		In 1892 the Greek Orthodox Church [[St. Onuphrius Monastery\|built a monastery]] at the site, named after Saint [[Onuphrius]]. Many burial caves have been identified in and around the monastery.

Nick: /* New Testament connection */

2023-04-30T09:42:48Z

New Testament connection

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 30 April 2023
Line 10:		Line 10:
	The [[Gospel of Matthew]] describes how Judas returned the money to the Temple authorities before hanging himself. Deeming it as blood money, and therefore illegal to put into their treasury, they used it instead to buy a field as a burial ground for foreigners: thus the place gained the name "the Field of Blood" ([[Matthew 27:7]], and possibly with allusions to [[Zechariah 11:12]]–[[Zechariah 11:13\|13]] and [[Jeremiah 18:2]]–[[Jeremiah 18:3\|3]] and [[Jeremiah 32\|Jeremiah 32:6–15]]).		The [[Gospel of Matthew]] describes how Judas returned the money to the Temple authorities before hanging himself. Deeming it as blood money, and therefore illegal to put into their treasury, they used it instead to buy a field as a burial ground for foreigners: thus the place gained the name "the Field of Blood" ([[Matthew 27:7]], and possibly with allusions to [[Zechariah 11:12]]–[[Zechariah 11:13\|13]] and [[Jeremiah 18:2]]–[[Jeremiah 18:3\|3]] and [[Jeremiah 32\|Jeremiah 32:6–15]]).

	According to the [[Acts of the Apostles]] ([[Acts 1:18]]–[[Acts 1:19\|19]]) Judas "acquired a field with the reward of his unjust deed, and falling headfirst he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out. This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so that in their own language they called that field Hakeldama, that is, 'Field of Blood.{{'~~-}}"~~		According to the [[Acts of the Apostles]] ([[Acts 1:18]]–[[Acts 1:19\|19]]) Judas "acquired a field with the reward of his unjust deed, and falling headfirst he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out. This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so that in their own language they called that field Hakeldama, that is, 'Field of Blood.'

	The implication in Matthew is that the location name refers to the blood of Jesus, whereas in Acts the name refers to the blood of Judas.		The implication in Matthew is that the location name refers to the blood of Jesus, whereas in Acts the name refers to the blood of Judas.

Nick: New page: '''Akeldama''' (Aramaic: חקל דמא or 𐡇𐡒𐡋 𐡃𐡌𐡀 ''Ḥaqel D'ma'', "field of blood"; Hebrew: חקל דמא; Arabic: حقل الدم, ''Ḥaqel Ad-dam'') is the [[Aramaic...

2023-04-30T09:42:22Z

New page: '''Akeldama''' (Aramaic: חקל דמא or 𐡇𐡒𐡋 𐡃𐡌𐡀 ''Ḥaqel D'ma'', "field of blood"; Hebrew: חקל דמא; Arabic: حقل الدم, ''Ḥaqel Ad-dam'') is the [[Aramaic...

New page

'''Akeldama''' (Aramaic: חקל דמא or 𐡇𐡒𐡋 𐡃𐡌𐡀 ''Ḥaqel D'ma'', "field of blood"; Hebrew: חקל דמא; Arabic: حقل الدم, ''Ḥaqel Ad-dam'') is the [[Aramaic]] name for a place in [[Jerusalem]] associated with [[Judas Iscariot]], one of the original [[twelve apostles]] of [[Jesus]].

==Variant transliterations==
Most English-language versions of the Bible transliterate the term as ''Akeldama'' (e.g. [[American Standard Version]] (ASV), [[English Standard Version]] (ESV), [[Good News Translation]] (GNT), [[Modern English Version]] (MEV), and [[New International Version]] (NIV)) or as ''Akel Dama'' ([[New King James Version]] (NKJV) and 1599 [[Geneva Bible]]). ''Aceldama'' is used by the [[King James Version]] (KJV), [[Darby Bible]] and [[Wycliffe Bible]]. ''Hakeldama'' is used by the [[Common English Bible]] (CEB), [[New Revised Standard Version]] (NRSV) and [[Orthodox Jewish Bible]] (OJB), whilst the [[Complete Jewish Bible]] (CJB) uses ''Hakel-D'ma''. The [[Jerusalem Bible]] has ''Hakeldama'' but uses the English translation ''Bloody Acre'' in place of ''Field of Blood'', which is otherwise consistently used as the English translation. In [[Koine Greek|Greek]], it is called Ἁκελδαμάχ (''Hakeldamach'').<sup>[1]</sup>

==New Testament connection==

Scripture connects the place with Judas Iscariot, who betrayed [[Jesus]] for 30 pieces of silver. There are two accounts of his death.

The [[Gospel of Matthew]] describes how Judas returned the money to the Temple authorities before hanging himself. Deeming it as blood money, and therefore illegal to put into their treasury, they used it instead to buy a field as a burial ground for foreigners: thus the place gained the name "the Field of Blood" ([[Matthew 27:7]], and possibly with allusions to [[Zechariah 11:12]]–[[Zechariah 11:13|13]] and [[Jeremiah 18:2]]–[[Jeremiah 18:3|3]] and [[Jeremiah 32|Jeremiah 32:6–15]]).

According to the [[Acts of the Apostles]] ([[Acts 1:18]]–[[Acts 1:19|19]]) Judas "acquired a field with the reward of his unjust deed, and falling headfirst he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out. This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so that in their own language they called that field Hakeldama, that is, 'Field of Blood.{{'-}}"

The implication in Matthew is that the location name refers to the blood of Jesus, whereas in Acts the name refers to the blood of Judas.

===Identification===
In his ''Onomasticon'' (ed. Klostermann, p. 102, 16), [[Eusebius]] says the "field of Haceldama" lies nearer to "[[Tophet|Thafeth]] of the [[Gehenna|Valley of Ennom]]". But under the word "Haceldama" (p. 38, 20) he says that this field was pointed out as being "north of [[Mount Zion|Mount Sion]]". [[St. Jerome]] changed this to "south of Mount Sion" (p. 39, 27).

==History==

It continued to be used as a burial place for non-Jews up to the first quarter of the 19th century.

===Crusader period===
During the era of the [[Crusades]], it was used to bury the fifty or more patients who died each day in the hospital run by the [[Knights Hospitaller]] in Jerusalem.

In the 12th century, the [[crusade]]rs erected beyond the field, on the south side of the valley of Hinnom, a large building now in a ruined condition, measuring seventy-eight feet in length from east to west, fifty-eight feet in width and thirty in height on the north. It is roofed and covers towards the southern end several natural grottoes, which were once used as sepulchres of the Jewish type, and a ditch is hollowed out at the northern end which is sixty-eight feet long, twenty-one feet wide and thirty feet deep. It is estimated that the bones and rubbish accumulated there form a bed from ten to fifteen feet thick.

===Ottoman period===
Akeldama has been the property of the [[Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] since the 16th century.

[[Image:Aceldama PA180088.JPG|thumb|200px|St. Onuphrius Monastery: close-up of the entrance. Above the doorway is a stone carving of St. Onuphrius bowing to an angel. Noticeable are his long beard, the fact that he is naked except for leaves around his loins and his legs.]]

In 1892 the Greek Orthodox Church [[St. Onuphrius Monastery|built a monastery]] at the site, named after Saint [[Onuphrius]]. Many burial caves have been identified in and around the monastery.

==The Akeldama tombs==
One of Jerusalem’s main cemeteries during the [[Second Temple period]] is a burial complex carved into dense limestone bedrock of a steep slope descending into the meeting point of the Hinnom and Kidron Valleys, 90 meters east of the monastery wall. They were first systematically studied in 1901. In 1989 a construction project was halted when bulldozers revealed the presence of burial caves cut into the rocks; construction was halted, and the [[Israel Antiquities Authority]] allowed archaeologists to investigate.

The ''Tomb of the Shroud'' in Akeldama is "one of very few examples of a preserved shrouded human burial" dating to the first-century, with the bone samples yielding evidence of the pathogens ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'' and ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]'', the latter being "the earliest case of leprosy with a confirmed date in which ''M. leprae'' DNA was detected".

== See also ==
* [[Language of Jesus]]
* [[St. Onuphrius Monastery]]

==References==

* 1. [[Acts 1:19]]

==External links==
*
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07103b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Haceldama]
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=726&letter=A&search=akeldama Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) entry on Aceldama]
* Avi Mashiah and Tamar Nativ, [http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?subject_id=10&site_id=3&id=133 Akeldama: The Conservation of a Crusader Burial Structure], [http://www.antiquities.org.il/home_eng.asp Israel Antiquities Authority Site] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20140626044723/http://iaa-conservation.org.il/index_eng.asp Conservation Department]

{{Donate}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:New Testament places]]
[[Category:Cemeteries in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Tombs of apostles]]
[[Category:Judas Iscariot]]

Akeldama - Revision history

Nick: /* Ottoman period */

Nick: /* New Testament connection */

Nick: New page: '''Akeldama''' (Aramaic: חקל דמא or 𐡇𐡒𐡋 𐡃𐡌𐡀 ''Ḥaqel D'ma'', "field of blood"; Hebrew: חקל דמא; Arabic: حقل الدم, ''Ḥaqel Ad-dam'') is the [[Aramaic...