Desiderius Erasmus - Revision history

Nick: /* Basel */

Nick — Sun, 19 Jan 2025 10:01:30 GMT

Basel

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:01, 19 January 2025
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	===Basel===		===Basel===
-	Erasmus Basel lived for 12 years where he printed many of his books. This was where he produced his Greek edition and translation of the New Testament in 1516. Later he would return to Basel, and on July 12, 1536, and would die there. He was buried in the old cathedral where tombstone still remains.	+	Erasmus Basel lived for 12 years where he printed many of his books. This was where he produced his Greek edition and translation of the New Testament in 1516. In Basel, [[Johannes Oecolampadius]] became an editorial assistant and Hebrew consultant to Erasmus' first edition of the Greek New Testament, and wrote that edition's epilogue in praise of his master. Later Erasmus would return to Basel, and on July 12, 1536, and would die there. He was buried in the old cathedral where tombstone still remains.

	===Louvain===		===Louvain===

Nick at 09:58, 21 December 2023

Nick — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 09:58:27 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:58, 21 December 2023
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	[[Image:Holbein-erasmus.jpg \|200px\|thumb\|right\|Desiderius Erasmus. This famous portrait of Erasmus by Hans Holbein him with his hands resting on ‘Herculean Labours’.]]		[[Image:Holbein-erasmus.jpg \|200px\|thumb\|right\|Desiderius Erasmus. This famous portrait of Erasmus by Hans Holbein him with his hands resting on ‘Herculean Labours’.]]
		+
		+	''See also [[Textus Receptus]]
		+
	Gerrit Gerritzoon, later known as Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; known as '''Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam''' or simply '''Erasmus''') (October 28<sup>[1]</sup>, [[1466 AD\|1466]], Rotterdam – July 12, [[1536 AD\|1536]] Basel) was a was a [[Seventeen Provinces\|Dutch]] [[Renaissance humanist]], [[Roman Catholic Church\|Catholic]] [[Catholic priest\|priest]], [[social critic]], [[teacher]], and [[theologian]].		Gerrit Gerritzoon, later known as Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; known as '''Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam''' or simply '''Erasmus''') (October 28<sup>[1]</sup>, [[1466 AD\|1466]], Rotterdam – July 12, [[1536 AD\|1536]] Basel) was a was a [[Seventeen Provinces\|Dutch]] [[Renaissance humanist]], [[Roman Catholic Church\|Catholic]] [[Catholic priest\|priest]], [[social critic]], [[teacher]], and [[theologian]].

Nick: /* The Travels of Erasmus */

Nick — Wed, 15 Nov 2023 10:04:08 GMT

The Travels of Erasmus

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 15 November 2023
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	https://www.bartleby.com/213/0105.html]''		https://www.bartleby.com/213/0105.html]''

-	==The Travels of Erasmus==	+	==The Travels and Chronology of Erasmus==
	===Rotterdam===		===Rotterdam===
	Desiderius Erasmus was born in Rotterdam at his maternal grandmother’s home, October 28, 1466.		Desiderius Erasmus was born in Rotterdam at his maternal grandmother’s home, October 28, 1466.
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	===England===		===England===
-	Erasmus lived in England on three separate occasions, and first sailed there in [[1505 AD\|1505]]. His longest stint was at Cambridge between [[1509 AD\|1509]]–[[1514 AD\|1514]]. During his time there he lectured at Cambridge and worked on his scholarly projects, including the Greek text of the New Testament. He became part of English high society, ~~and became good friends with Thomas More~~ and met with King Henry VIII. He also wrote Praise of Folly in [[1509 AD\|1509]], which was printed in [[1511 AD\|1511]].	+
		+	In 1498 Erasmus had a pupil named William Blount, Lord Mountjoy, who introduced him to the Cambridge circle of English humanists. Erasmus lived in England on three separate occasions, and first sailed there in [[1505 AD\|1505]] where he associated with Thomas More, John Colet, and Hugh Latimer, all of whom became life long associates. He was especially impressed by Colet’s “new learning” approach to the study of the epistles of St. Paul. Upon his departure from England, Erasmus took on the task of learning Greek to move study of the Scripture beyond scholastic arguments over subtleties in the interpretation of the St. Jerome’s (Vulgate) Bible in Latin. His longest stint was at Cambridge between [[1509 AD\|1509]]–[[1514 AD\|1514]]. During his time there he lectured at Cambridge and worked on his scholarly projects, including the Greek text of the New Testament. He became part of English high society, and met with King Henry VIII. He also wrote Praise of Folly in [[1509 AD\|1509]], which was printed in [[1511 AD\|1511]]. [https://clarklibrary.ucla.edu/collections/tudor/chrzanowski/title-list/1516b/]

	===Italy===		===Italy===

Nick at 09:04, 5 October 2023

Nick — Thu, 05 Oct 2023 09:04:41 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:04, 5 October 2023
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	===Venice===		===Venice===
-	One month after writing to Aldus, in December of 1507, Erasmus arrived in Venice in January 1508 in time to see the accomplishment of the printing of his Euripidean plays. Erasmus rose to become one of the greatest Greek linguists of the entire reformation era. He spent much of his time with Venetian printer [[Aldus Manutius]] and Aldus' Greek Academy, which had within it a core of Byzantine scholars. He spent ~~part of the time~~ as a proofreader at the publishing house. The first publication of his Adages in Paris in 1500, followed by the Enchiridion militis christiani in 1504, caused Erasmus's to become a well known scholar. When the Aldine press published Adages in 1508, this caused Erasmus reputation as a Greek scholar to be established throughout Europe as Aldus had aimed to print all of the Greek classics of the Ancient world. Erasmus stayed in Aldus' house for seven months (January to September 1508).	+	One month after writing to Aldus, in December of 1507, Erasmus arrived in Venice in January 1508 in time to see the accomplishment of the printing of his Euripidean plays. Erasmus rose to become one of the greatest Greek linguists of the entire reformation era. He spent much of his time with Venetian printer [[Aldus Manutius]] and Aldus' Greek Academy, which had within it a core of Byzantine scholars. He spent his first ten months in Venice working as a proofreader at the publishing house working on such works as Plutarch's Moralia. The first publication of his Adages in Paris in 1500, followed by the Enchiridion militis christiani in 1504, caused Erasmus's to become a well known scholar. When the Aldine press published Adages in 1508, this caused Erasmus reputation as a Greek scholar to be established throughout Europe as Aldus had aimed to print all of the Greek classics of the Ancient world. His research using Manutius's resources and Greek scholars enabled him to expand his collection of proverbs from 819 entries to 3,260 entries. The Aldine press published this newly expanded collection of proverbs, Adagiorum Chiliades, in 1508. Erasmus stayed in Aldus' house for seven months (January to September 1508). He shared a room with with Girolamo Aleandro who compiled a Lexicon Graeco-Latinum (1512) and an introductory Greek grammar, the Elementale introductorium in nominum et verborum declinationes Graecas (1509), and edited Greek texts by Isocrates, Plutarch, and Lucian (1509–1510).

	===Basel===		===Basel===

Nick at 08:50, 15 October 2022

Nick — Sat, 15 Oct 2022 08:50:49 GMT

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-	[[Image:Holbein-erasmus.jpg \|200px\|thumb\|right\|Desiderius Erasmus]]	+	[[Image:Holbein-erasmus.jpg \|200px\|thumb\|right\|Desiderius Erasmus. This famous portrait of Erasmus by Hans Holbein him with his hands resting on ‘Herculean Labours’.]]
	Gerrit Gerritzoon, later known as Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; known as '''Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam''' or simply '''Erasmus''') (October 28<sup>[1]</sup>, [[1466 AD\|1466]], Rotterdam – July 12, [[1536 AD\|1536]] Basel) was a was a [[Seventeen Provinces\|Dutch]] [[Renaissance humanist]], [[Roman Catholic Church\|Catholic]] [[Catholic priest\|priest]], [[social critic]], [[teacher]], and [[theologian]].		Gerrit Gerritzoon, later known as Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (/ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəriəs ɪˈræzməs/; known as '''Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam''' or simply '''Erasmus''') (October 28<sup>[1]</sup>, [[1466 AD\|1466]], Rotterdam – July 12, [[1536 AD\|1536]] Basel) was a was a [[Seventeen Provinces\|Dutch]] [[Renaissance humanist]], [[Roman Catholic Church\|Catholic]] [[Catholic priest\|priest]], [[social critic]], [[teacher]], and [[theologian]].

Nick: /* Education */

Nick — Wed, 31 Aug 2022 13:05:09 GMT

Education

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 31 August 2022
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	Erasmus said:		Erasmus said:
	:“I can see what utter madness it is even to put a finger on that part of theology which is specially concerned with the mysteries of the faith unless one is furnished with the equipment of Greek as well, since the translators of Scripture, in their scrupulous manner of constructing the text, offer such literal versions of Greek idioms that no one ignorant of that language could grasp even the primary, or, as our own theologians call it, literal meaning” (Ep. 149). ''<sup>[https://www.academia.edu/24333007/The_Impact_and_Influence_of_Erasmus_s_Greek_New_Testament Yamauchi, “Erasmus’ Contributions to New Testament Scholarship,” 8.]''</sup>		:“I can see what utter madness it is even to put a finger on that part of theology which is specially concerned with the mysteries of the faith unless one is furnished with the equipment of Greek as well, since the translators of Scripture, in their scrupulous manner of constructing the text, offer such literal versions of Greek idioms that no one ignorant of that language could grasp even the primary, or, as our own theologians call it, literal meaning” (Ep. 149). ''<sup>[https://www.academia.edu/24333007/The_Impact_and_Influence_of_Erasmus_s_Greek_New_Testament Yamauchi, “Erasmus’ Contributions to New Testament Scholarship,” 8.]''</sup>
		+
		+	Erasmus studied Greek at Oxford, under William Grocyn (c. 1446-1519) and Thomas Linacre (c. 1460-1524), the tutors of Thomas More. Grocyn taught Greek at Oxford. Linacre was the first Englishman to study Greek in Italy. William Grocyn was early distinguished by his knowledge of Greek and taught that language at Oxford before 1488. ''[The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
		+	https://www.bartleby.com/213/0105.html]''

	==The Travels of Erasmus==		==The Travels of Erasmus==

Nick: /* See Also */

Nick — Fri, 29 Oct 2021 10:15:10 GMT

Nick: /* Education */

Nick — Fri, 29 Oct 2021 09:45:59 GMT

Education

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:45, 29 October 2021
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	Bizarrely, Jan Krans said Erasmus was not a polyglot:		Bizarrely, Jan Krans said Erasmus was not a polyglot:
-	: It may be mentioned in passing that Holland exaggerates somewhat by saying that Erasmus was fluent in “several other languages”; Erasmus’ works are in Latin (except for some letters (partly) in Greek), his mother tongue was Dutch, he learned Greek during his scholarly career and stated that Hebrew was too difficult for him.38 There are no traces of any real fluency in other languages. Occasional references in his works to a few words in German, French and English cannot be considered as such.	+	:It may be mentioned in passing that Holland exaggerates somewhat by saying that Erasmus was fluent in “several other languages”; Erasmus’ works are in Latin (except for some letters (partly) in Greek), his mother tongue was Dutch, he learned Greek during his scholarly career and stated that Hebrew was too difficult for him.38 There are no traces of any real fluency in other languages. Occasional references in his works to a few words in German, French and English cannot be considered as such.
		+
		+	Erasmus said:
		+	:“I can see what utter madness it is even to put a finger on that part of theology which is specially concerned with the mysteries of the faith unless one is furnished with the equipment of Greek as well, since the translators of Scripture, in their scrupulous manner of constructing the text, offer such literal versions of Greek idioms that no one ignorant of that language could grasp even the primary, or, as our own theologians call it, literal meaning” (Ep. 149). ''<sup>[https://www.academia.edu/24333007/The_Impact_and_Influence_of_Erasmus_s_Greek_New_Testament Yamauchi, “Erasmus’ Contributions to New Testament Scholarship,” 8.]''</sup>

	==The Travels of Erasmus==		==The Travels of Erasmus==

Nick: /* Education */

Nick — Thu, 28 Oct 2021 10:59:16 GMT

Education

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 28 October 2021
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	A. Tilley, Dawn of the French Renaissance (Cambridge, Eng. 1918) 292, affirms that on Erasmus' arrival in Italy he was a "passable Greek scholar," and that he went there "chiefly for the sake of Greek".		A. Tilley, Dawn of the French Renaissance (Cambridge, Eng. 1918) 292, affirms that on Erasmus' arrival in Italy he was a "passable Greek scholar," and that he went there "chiefly for the sake of Greek".
		+
		+	Bizarrely, Jan Krans said Erasmus was not a polyglot:
		+	: It may be mentioned in passing that Holland exaggerates somewhat by saying that Erasmus was fluent in “several other languages”; Erasmus’ works are in Latin (except for some letters (partly) in Greek), his mother tongue was Dutch, he learned Greek during his scholarly career and stated that Hebrew was too difficult for him.38 There are no traces of any real fluency in other languages. Occasional references in his works to a few words in German, French and English cannot be considered as such.
		+
	==The Travels of Erasmus==		==The Travels of Erasmus==
	===Rotterdam===		===Rotterdam===

Nick at 09:24, 6 October 2021

Nick — Wed, 06 Oct 2021 09:24:37 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:24, 6 October 2021
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	===England===		===England===
-	Erasmus ~~lives~~ in England on three separate occasions. His longest stint was at Cambridge between ~~1509–1514~~. He became part of English high society, and became good friends with Thomas More and met with King Henry VIII. He also wrote Praise of Folly in 1509, which was printed in 1511.	+	Erasmus lived in England on three separate occasions, and first sailed there in [[1505 AD\|1505]]. His longest stint was at Cambridge between [[1509 AD\|1509]]–[[1514 AD\|1514]]. During his time there he lectured at Cambridge and worked on his scholarly projects, including the Greek text of the New Testament. He became part of English high society, and became good friends with Thomas More and met with King Henry VIII. He also wrote Praise of Folly in [[1509 AD\|1509]], which was printed in [[1511 AD\|1511]].

	===Italy===		===Italy===
-	Erasmus visited Italy in 1506 and spent three years there. He went to Italy primarily to perfect his knowledge of Greek ("ltaliam adivimus Graecitatis potissimum causa.") Erasmus intended to obtain a doctorate from the University of Bologna, but had not acquired other necessary scholarly titles to gain admission. Thus he proceeded to the University of Turin, and then to Bologna University. He abode with Paolo Bombasio, who was the professor of Greek there, for thirteen months. This introduced Erasmus to the upper echelon of Greek scholarship of that era.	+	Erasmus visited Italy in 1506 and spent three years there. He went to Italy primarily to perfect his knowledge of Greek ("ltaliam adivimus Graecitatis potissimum causa."). He arrived in the town of Bologna in time to witness the triumphal entry (1506) of the warrior pope Julius II at the head of a conquering army, a scene that figures later in Erasmus’s anonymously published satiric dialogue, Julius exclusus e coelis (written 1513–14).[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erasmus-Dutch-humanist] Erasmus intended to obtain a doctorate from the University of Bologna, but had not acquired other necessary scholarly titles to gain admission. Thus he proceeded to the University of Turin, and then to Bologna University. He abode with Paolo Bombasio, who was the professor of Greek there, for thirteen months. This introduced Erasmus to the upper echelon of Greek scholarship of that era.

	On the 28th of October 1507 Erasmus wrote to [[Aldus Manutius]] the Venetian printer. At this time, the Aldus press had become the most prominent printers in Europe and had already produced many Greek works. Erasmus requested that Aldus print his Latin translation of two plays of Euripides, the ''Hecuba'' and ''Iphigenia in Aulis''. Although both already printed at Paris, Erasmus knew the superior printing of Aldus with his invention of the famous Aldino type, or italic, would be more favorable. It was in this letter that Erasmus also mentioned the publication of the Greek text of the New Testament, a project Aldus had also said he himself desired to accomplish. In 1508, Aldus published Erasmus’s Thousands of Proverbs, Adagiorum chiliades. Erasmus also visited Rome.		On the 28th of October 1507 Erasmus wrote to [[Aldus Manutius]] the Venetian printer. At this time, the Aldus press had become the most prominent printers in Europe and had already produced many Greek works. Erasmus requested that Aldus print his Latin translation of two plays of Euripides, the ''Hecuba'' and ''Iphigenia in Aulis''. Although both already printed at Paris, Erasmus knew the superior printing of Aldus with his invention of the famous Aldino type, or italic, would be more favorable. It was in this letter that Erasmus also mentioned the publication of the Greek text of the New Testament, a project Aldus had also said he himself desired to accomplish. In 1508, Aldus published Erasmus’s Thousands of Proverbs, Adagiorum chiliades. Erasmus also visited Rome.

	===Venice===		===Venice===
-	One month after writing to Aldus, in December of 1507, Erasmus arrived in Venice in in January 1508 time to see the accomplishment of the printing of his Euripidean plays. Erasmus rose to become one of the greatest Greek linguists of the entire reformation era. He spent much of his time with Venetian printer [[Aldus Manutius]] and Aldus' Greek Academy, which had within it a core of Byzantine scholars. The first publication of his Adages in Paris in 1500, followed by the Enchiridion militis christiani in 1504, caused Erasmus's to become a well known scholar. When the Aldine press published Adages in 1508, this caused Erasmus reputation as a Greek scholar to be established throughout Europe as Aldus had aimed to print all of the Greek classics of the Ancient world. Erasmus stayed in Aldus' house for seven months (January to September 1508).	+	One month after writing to Aldus, in December of 1507, Erasmus arrived in Venice in January 1508 in time to see the accomplishment of the printing of his Euripidean plays. Erasmus rose to become one of the greatest Greek linguists of the entire reformation era. He spent much of his time with Venetian printer [[Aldus Manutius]] and Aldus' Greek Academy, which had within it a core of Byzantine scholars. He spent part of the time as a proofreader at the publishing house. The first publication of his Adages in Paris in 1500, followed by the Enchiridion militis christiani in 1504, caused Erasmus's to become a well known scholar. When the Aldine press published Adages in 1508, this caused Erasmus reputation as a Greek scholar to be established throughout Europe as Aldus had aimed to print all of the Greek classics of the Ancient world. Erasmus stayed in Aldus' house for seven months (January to September 1508).

	===Basel===		===Basel===
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	Concerning Erasmus' access to Vaticanus Jones says:		Concerning Erasmus' access to Vaticanus Jones says:
-	:“Erasmus was in regular correspondence with Professor Paulus Bombasius, the Papal librarian, who sent him any variant readings which he desired. In fact, in 1533, a correspondent of Erasmus (a Catholic priest named Juan Sepulveda) sent Erasmus 365 selected readings from Vaticanus B as proof of its superiority to the Textus Receptus. He offered to make the entire document available to Erasmus for use in his latest edition of the TR. However, Erasmus rejected the readings of the Vatican manuscript because he considered from the massive evidence of his day that the Textus Receptus data was correct. Thus Erasmus knew about Vaticanus nearly one hundred years before the King James Bible ever saw the light of day!” (Floyd Nolen Jones [http://av1611.com/kjbp/articles/jones-whynew.html#_ftnref12])	+	:“Erasmus was in regular correspondence with Professor Paulus Bombasius, the Papal librarian, who sent him any variant readings which he desired. In fact, in 1533, a correspondent of Erasmus (a Catholic priest named Juan Sepulveda) sent Erasmus 365 selected readings from Vaticanus B as proof of its superiority to the [[Textus Receptus]]. He offered to make the entire document available to Erasmus for use in his latest edition of the TR. However, Erasmus rejected the readings of the Vatican manuscript because he considered from the massive evidence of his day that the [[Textus Receptus]] data was correct. Thus Erasmus knew about Vaticanus nearly one hundred years before the King James Bible ever saw the light of day!” ([[Floyd Nolen Jones]] [http://av1611.com/kjbp/articles/jones-whynew.html#_ftnref12])

	Kenneth W. Clark, the scholar who has examined more Greek manuscripts than most, admits that Erasmus did not create a new text, but faithfully collated what was already there in the Manuscript tradition:		Kenneth W. Clark, the scholar who has examined more Greek manuscripts than most, admits that Erasmus did not create a new text, but faithfully collated what was already there in the Manuscript tradition:
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	In [[1527 AD\|1527]] [[Juan de Vergara\|Juan Vergara]] refers to the matter in a letter to Erasmus, recalling that "Cardinal Cisneros, the founder of the Complutensian university, . . . had the most wonderful esteem for you and was keen on enjoying your company" (Ep. 1814:459-61).		In [[1527 AD\|1527]] [[Juan de Vergara\|Juan Vergara]] refers to the matter in a letter to Erasmus, recalling that "Cardinal Cisneros, the founder of the Complutensian university, . . . had the most wonderful esteem for you and was keen on enjoying your company" (Ep. 1814:459-61).
		+
		+	==Spain's polyglot Bible and Erasmus's Greek New Testament==
		+	In 1502, in Spain, Cardinal [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros]] had put together a team of Spanish translators to create a compilation of the Bible in four languages: Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic and Latin. Translators for Greek were commissioned from Greece itself and worked closely with Latinists. Cardinal Cisneros's team completed and printed the full New Testament, including the Greek translation, in 1514. To do so they developed specific types to print Greek. Cisneros informed Erasmus of the works going on in Spain and may have sent a printed version of the New Testament to him. However, the Spanish team wanted the entire Bible to be released as one single work and withdrew from publication.
		+
		+	The information and the delay allowed Erasmus to request a "Publication Privilege" of four years for the Greek New Testament to ensure that his work would be published first. He obtained it in 1516 from both [[Pope Leo X]], to whom he would dedicate his work, and [[Emperor Maximilian I]]. Erasmus's Greek New Testament was published first, in 1516, forcing the Spanish team of Cisneros to wait until 1520 to publish their [[Complutensian Polyglot Bible]].
		+
		+	It is hard to say if Erasmus's actions had an effect on delaying the publication of the Complutensian Polyglot, causing the Spanish team to take more time, or if it made no difference in their perfectionism. The Spanish copy was approved for publication by the Pope in 1520; however, it was not released until 1522 due to the team's insistence on reviewing and editing. Only fifteen errors have been found in the entire six volumes and four languages of Cisneros's bible, an extraordinarily low number for the time. The fear of their publishing first, though, affected Erasmus's work, rushing him to printing and causing him to forgo editing. The result was a large number of translation mistakes, transcription errors, and typos, that required further editions to be printed (see "[[Erasmus#Publication and editions\|publication]]").

	====Desire for the average person to have the scriptures====		====Desire for the average person to have the scriptures====

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:15, 29 October 2021
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	* [[Badius]]		* [[Badius]]
	* [[List of Erasmus's correspondents]]		* [[List of Erasmus's correspondents]]
		+	* [[Codex Corsendoucensis]]

	==Works==		==Works==