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Nick: /* References */

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References

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	== References ==		== References ==
-	~~{{Reflist}}~~
-	~~{{Refbegin}}~~
	* ''Golden Bible "Biblia Pauperum"'' 15th century – [[British Library]], London, [http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7880&CollID=19&NStart=5 Kings MS 5]		* ''Golden Bible "Biblia Pauperum"'' 15th century – [[British Library]], London, [http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7880&CollID=19&NStart=5 Kings MS 5]
-	~~{{Refend}}~~

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Nick: Protected "Biblia pauperum" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

Nick — Sun, 12 Jul 2009 07:45:31 GMT

Protected "Biblia pauperum" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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Nick: New page: typological correspondences between the Old and New Testaments: Eve and th...

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New page: typological correspondences between the Old and New Testaments: Eve and th...

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[[Image:BibliaPauperum.jpg|thumb|290px|Three episodes from a block-book Biblia Pauperum illustrating [[typology|typological]] correspondences between the Old and New Testaments: Eve and the serpent, the [[Annunciation]], [[Gideon]]'s miracle]]
The '''''Biblia pauperum''''' ("Paupers' Bible") was a tradition of picture [[Bible]]s beginning in the later [[Middle Ages]]. They sought to portray the historical books of the Bible visually. Unlike a simple "illustrated Bible", where the pictures are subordinated to the text, these Bibles placed the illustration in the centre, with only a brief text or sometimes no text at all. Words spoken by the figures in the [[miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniatures]] could be written on scrolls coming out of their mouths. To this extent one might see parallels with modern [[cartoon strip]]s.

The tradition is a further simplification of the [[Bible moralisée]] tradition, which was similar but with more text. Like these, the Bibliae Pauperum were usually in the local vernacular language, rather than Latin.

Originally they took the form of colourful hand-painted [[illuminated manuscript]]s on [[vellum]], like the [[Velislai biblia picta]], though in the fifteenth century printed examples with [[woodcut]]s took over. The Biblia pauperum was among the commonest works put out in [[woodblock printing|block-book]] form, mainly in the Netherlands and Germany, where both text and images were done entirely in a single woodcut for each page. The first of many editions printed using [[movable type]] was printed in German, in [[Bamberg]] in about 1462; There were about eighteen [[incunabulum]] editions.<ref>[http://138.253.81.72/~cheshire/cgi-bin/istc/istcsearch.cgi ISTC British Library]</ref> ''Bibliae pauperum'' were not intended to be bought by the poor — some manuscripts were opulent and very expensive, although the block-book versions were far cheaper, and probably affordable by parish priests. The simpler versions were however probably used by clergy as a teaching aid for those who could not read, which included most of the population. The name Biblia Pauperum was applied by German scholars in the 1930s.

A 15th century illuminated manuscript example known as the "Golden Bible" is in the [[British Library]]. It contains fifty pages and on each the central pictures of an event from the [[Gospels]] is accompanied by two slightly smaller picture of [[Old Testament]] events which prefigure the central one, according to belief of medieval theologians in [[typology]].
For example, the scene of [[Longinus (hagiography)|Longinus]] spearing Jesus as he hangs on the Cross is accompanied by God bringing forth Eve from the side of Adam, and Moses striking the rock so that water flowed forth.<ref name = "fak">[http://www.faksimile.ch/werke/werk.php?l=e&show=2&nr=8&pic=2# Faksimile].</ref>

The ''Biblia'' was rivalled by the ''[[Speculum Humanae Salvationis]]'' (''Mirror of Human Salvation''), another very popular compilation of typological pairings, with rather more text than the ''Biblia''. The iconographical programmes of these books are shared with many other forms of medieval art, including stained glass windows and carvings of biblical subjects. Since books are more portable than these, they may well have been important in transmitting new developments in depicting the subjects. Most subjects, such as the Announcement to the Shepherds, can be seen in a very similar form at different dates, in different media and different countries.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* ''Golden Bible "Biblia Pauperum"'' 15th century – [[British Library]], London, [http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=7880&CollID=19&NStart=5 Kings MS 5]
{{Refend}}

== See also ==
*[[Poor Man's Bible]]

==External links==
* [http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/treasures/bible.html Page from a printed example from Glasgow]
*[http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/CzechRepublic/treasures_en.xml The Velislai biblia picta is the fifth item]

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Late Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Printmaking]]
[[Category:Types of illuminated manuscript]]

Biblia pauperum - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* External links */

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Nick: New page: typological correspondences between the Old and New Testaments: Eve and th...