Textuality - Revision history

Nick: /* References */

2017-09-24T13:17:40Z

References

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 24 September 2017
Line 47:		Line 47:
	* 8. Derrida, Jacques, De la Grammatologie, translated as Of Grammatology by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,1976 corrected edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8018-5830-5		* 8. Derrida, Jacques, De la Grammatologie, translated as Of Grammatology by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,1976 corrected edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8018-5830-5
	* 9. Hayles, Katherine (2002). Writing Machines. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-58215-5.		* 9. Hayles, Katherine (2002). Writing Machines. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-58215-5.
		+
		+	{{Donate}}

	[[Category:Terms in literary theory]]		[[Category:Terms in literary theory]]
	[[Category:Structuralism]]		[[Category:Structuralism]]

Nick at 13:15, 24 September 2017

2017-09-24T13:15:55Z

Nick: /* References */

2017-09-24T13:13:10Z

References

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:13, 24 September 2017
Line 38:		Line 38:

	== References ==		== References ==
		+	* 1. Barry, Peter, Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, 3rd ed., Manchester University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-7190-6268-3
		+	* 2. Webster, Roger, Studying Literary Theory: An Introduction, 2nd ed. St.Martin's Press, 1996. ISBN 0-340-58499-8
		+	* 3. Raud, Rein (2016). Meaning in Action: Outline of an Integral Theory of Culture. Cambridge: Polity. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-5095-1125-9.
		+	* 4. Raud, Rein (2016). Meaning in Action: Outline of an Integral Theory of Culture. Poility. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-5095-1125-9.
		+	* 5. Raud, Rein (2016). Meaning in Action: Outline of an Integral Theory of Culture. Cambridge: Polity. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-5095-1125-9.
		+	* 6. Raud, Rein (2016). Meaning in Action: Outline of an Integral Theory of Culture. Cambridge: Polity. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-5095-1125-9.
		+	* 7. Greene, Roland, ed.-in-chief, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, Princeton University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-691-13334-8
		+	* 8. Derrida, Jacques, De la Grammatologie, translated as Of Grammatology by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,1976 corrected edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8018-5830-5
		+	* 9. Hayles, Katherine (2002). Writing Machines. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-58215-5.

	[[Category:Terms in literary theory]]		[[Category:Terms in literary theory]]
	[[Category:Structuralism]]		[[Category:Structuralism]]

Nick: New page: In linguistics and literary theory, '''textuality''' comprises all of the attributes that distinguish the communicative content under analysis as an object of study. It is associa...

2017-09-24T13:09:53Z

New page: In linguistics and literary theory, '''textuality''' comprises all of the attributes that distinguish the communicative content under analysis as an object of study. It is associa...

New page

In [[linguistics]] and [[literary theory]], '''textuality''' comprises all of the attributes that distinguish the communicative content under analysis as an object of study. It is associated with [[structuralism]] and [[post-structuralism]].

==Explanation of Textuality==
Textuality is not just about the written word; it also comprises the placement of the words and the reader’s interpretation. There is not a set formula to describe a text’s textuality; it is not a simple procedure. This summary is true even though the interpretation that a reader develops from that text may decide the identity and the definitive meanings of that text. Textuality, as a [[literary theory]], is that which constitutes a text in a particular way. The text is an indecidable (there is an inexistence of an effective or "strict" method of writing or structure).

==Aspects of textuality==
Being textual includes innumerable elements and aspects. Each and every form of text and text in that form of literature embraces and consists of its own individual and personal characteristics; these may include its personality, the individuality of that personality, the popularity, and so on. The textualities of the text defines the characteristics. However, the characteristics are also closely associated with the structure of the text ([[Structural linguistics|structuralism]]). Peter Barry's discussion of textuality notes that "its essence is the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation – they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of".[] To form an opinion, criticise, or completely interpret a text you would first have to read the complete literary work as a whole, this enables the reader to make supported judgements on the personality and individuality of the text. The text is always hiding something. Although the reading may define and the interpretation may decide, the text does not define or decide. The text rests as operationally and fundamentally indecidable. Roger Webster frequently uses metaphors of ‘weaving’, ‘tissue’, ‘texture’, ‘strands’, and ‘filiation’ when talking about the structure of texts[] He also agrees that "instead, the text is a surface over which the reader can range in any number of ways that the text permits"

Textuality is a practice. Through a text’s textuality, it makes itself mean, makes itself be, and makes itself come about in a particular way. Through its textuality, the text relinquishes its status as identity and affirms its condition as pure difference. In indifference, the text "dedefines" itself, etches itself in a texture or network of meaning, which is not limited to the text itself. Barry[] describes this as a "structuralist approach to literature, there is a constant movement away from the interpretation of the individual literary work and a parallel drive towards understanding the larger, [[abstract structure]]s which contain them".

A different view of textuality has been put forward by [[Rein Raud]], according to whom textualities are "ordered sets of texts of different status that are related to each other and come with pre-arranged modes of interpretation"[]. A textuality consists of base-texts, "those that define a textual community and form a part of the necessary cultural competence of its members"[], result-texts, "bids that have just been accepted and entered circulation, as well as those that have done so some time ago but are still being considered recent arrivals by their recipients"[], mediated by an operational memory, "a shared (and internally contradictory) mental space of the cultural community and its various subgroups where texts are produced and processed"[], which contains different kinds of knowledge, standards and codes shared to different extent by the carriers of the culture. According to Raud, this model is complementary to a model of cultural practices, in which the production, distribution and transmission of meaning is regarded in the context of individual participation and activity, while a textuality is necessarily shared and perceived by its carriers to be an objective, albeit constructed, reality.

==The concept of "text"==
The word "text" arose within structuralism as a replacement for the older idea in [[literary criticism]] of the "work," which is always complete and deliberately authored.[] A text must necessarily be thought of as incomplete, indeed as missing something crucial that provides the mechanics of understanding. The text is always partially hidden; one word for the hidden part in literary theory is the "[[subtext]]."[]

The concept of the text in ''structuralism'' requires a relatively simple relationship between language and writing. [[Jacques Derrida]], a leading post-structuralist, questions this relationship, aiming his critique primarily at [[Ferdinand de Saussure]], who, he claims, does not recognize in the relationship between speech and writing "more than a ''narrow'' and ''derivative'' function."[] For Derrida, this approach requires putting too much emphasis on speech:
:"Saussure confronts the system of the spoken language with the system of phonetic (and even alphabetic) writing as though with the telos (purpose) of writing."

==Summation==
Barry says that "one of structuralisms characteristic views is the notion that language doesn’t just reflect or record the world: rather, it shapes it, so that how we see is what we see".[] This is closely linked to "[[post-structuralism]]" which is in fact, closely linked also to textuality. And Barry believes that the "post-structuralist maintains that the consequences of this belief are that we enter a universe of radical uncertainty…".[] Derrida further states:
:"This [[teleology]] leads to the interpretation of all eruptions of the nonphonetic within writing as transitory crises and accidents of passage, and it is right to consider this teleology to be a Western [[ethnocentrism]], a premathematical [[primitivism]], and a [[Formalism (literature)|preformalist]] [[intuitionism]]."[]

In short, textuality is an individual and uncertain skill that will always be read and interpreted in texts in different ways, by different people, and at different times. It is a literary tool that can never be defined like an exact science and that will always be influenced by the writer's life, such as, their upbringing, education, culture, age, religion, gender, and multiple other persuading factors.

==Textuality in the Media==
'''Textuality''' can be seen, heard, read, and interacted with.[]

Each of the three forms of ''[[Media (communication)|Medium]]'': [[printing|print]], [[electronic publishing|electronic]], and [[Speech|oral]], have a different form of '''Textuality''' that reflect the way the sensory modalities are stimulated.

*An example of '''Textuality''' in the [[Speech|oral]] medium is the sound itself.
*An example of '''Textuality''' in the [[electronic publishing|electronic]] medium is the interactivity of a website, or visual of a specific television show.
*An example of '''Textuality''' in the [[printing|print]] medium is the physicality of a book.

== See also ==
* [[Text (literary theory)|Text]]
* [[Intertextuality]]
* [[Hypertextuality]]

== References ==

[[Category:Terms in literary theory]]
[[Category:Structuralism]]

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:15, 24 September 2017
Line 5:		Line 5:

	==Aspects of textuality==		==Aspects of textuality==
-	Being textual includes innumerable elements and aspects. Each and every form of text and text in that form of literature embraces and consists of its own individual and personal characteristics; these may include its personality, the individuality of that personality, the popularity, and so on. The textualities of the text defines the characteristics. However, the characteristics are also closely associated with the structure of the text ([[Structural linguistics\|structuralism]]). Peter Barry's discussion of textuality notes that "its essence is the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation – they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of".<sup>[]</sup> To form an opinion, criticise, or completely interpret a text you would first have to read the complete literary work as a whole, this enables the reader to make supported judgements on the personality and individuality of the text. The text is always hiding something. Although the reading may define and the interpretation may decide, the text does not define or decide. The text rests as operationally and fundamentally indecidable. Roger Webster frequently uses metaphors of ‘weaving’, ‘tissue’, ‘texture’, ‘strands’, and ‘filiation’ when talking about the structure of texts<sup>[]</sup> He also agrees that "instead, the text is a surface over which the reader can range in any number of ways that the text permits"	+	Being textual includes innumerable elements and aspects. Each and every form of text and text in that form of literature embraces and consists of its own individual and personal characteristics; these may include its personality, the individuality of that personality, the popularity, and so on. The textualities of the text defines the characteristics. However, the characteristics are also closely associated with the structure of the text ([[Structural linguistics\|structuralism]]). Peter Barry's discussion of textuality notes that "its essence is the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation – they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of".<sup>[1]</sup> To form an opinion, criticise, or completely interpret a text you would first have to read the complete literary work as a whole, this enables the reader to make supported judgements on the personality and individuality of the text. The text is always hiding something. Although the reading may define and the interpretation may decide, the text does not define or decide. The text rests as operationally and fundamentally indecidable. Roger Webster frequently uses metaphors of ‘weaving’, ‘tissue’, ‘texture’, ‘strands’, and ‘filiation’ when talking about the structure of texts<sup>[2]</sup> He also agrees that "instead, the text is a surface over which the reader can range in any number of ways that the text permits"

-	Textuality is a practice. Through a text’s textuality, it makes itself mean, makes itself be, and makes itself come about in a particular way. Through its textuality, the text relinquishes its status as identity and affirms its condition as pure difference. In indifference, the text "dedefines" itself, etches itself in a texture or network of meaning, which is not limited to the text itself. Barry<sup>[]</sup> describes this as a "structuralist approach to literature, there is a constant movement away from the interpretation of the individual literary work and a parallel drive towards understanding the larger, [[abstract structure]]s which contain them".	+	Textuality is a practice. Through a text’s textuality, it makes itself mean, makes itself be, and makes itself come about in a particular way. Through its textuality, the text relinquishes its status as identity and affirms its condition as pure difference. In indifference, the text "dedefines" itself, etches itself in a texture or network of meaning, which is not limited to the text itself. Barry<sup>[1]</sup> describes this as a "structuralist approach to literature, there is a constant movement away from the interpretation of the individual literary work and a parallel drive towards understanding the larger, [[abstract structure]]s which contain them".

-	A different view of textuality has been put forward by [[Rein Raud]], according to whom textualities are "ordered sets of texts of different status that are related to each other and come with pre-arranged modes of interpretation"<sup>[]</sup>. A textuality consists of base-texts, "those that define a textual community and form a part of the necessary cultural competence of its members"<sup>[]</sup>, result-texts, "bids that have just been accepted and entered circulation, as well as those that have done so some time ago but are still being considered recent arrivals by their recipients"<sup>[]</sup>, mediated by an operational memory, "a shared (and internally contradictory) mental space of the cultural community and its various subgroups where texts are produced and processed"<sup>[]</sup>, which contains different kinds of knowledge, standards and codes shared to different extent by the carriers of the culture. According to Raud, this model is complementary to a model of cultural practices, in which the production, distribution and transmission of meaning is regarded in the context of individual participation and activity, while a textuality is necessarily shared and perceived by its carriers to be an objective, albeit constructed, reality.	+	A different view of textuality has been put forward by [[Rein Raud]], according to whom textualities are "ordered sets of texts of different status that are related to each other and come with pre-arranged modes of interpretation"<sup>[3]</sup>. A textuality consists of base-texts, "those that define a textual community and form a part of the necessary cultural competence of its members"<sup>[4]</sup>, result-texts, "bids that have just been accepted and entered circulation, as well as those that have done so some time ago but are still being considered recent arrivals by their recipients"<sup>[5]</sup>, mediated by an operational memory, "a shared (and internally contradictory) mental space of the cultural community and its various subgroups where texts are produced and processed"<sup>[6]</sup>, which contains different kinds of knowledge, standards and codes shared to different extent by the carriers of the culture. According to Raud, this model is complementary to a model of cultural practices, in which the production, distribution and transmission of meaning is regarded in the context of individual participation and activity, while a textuality is necessarily shared and perceived by its carriers to be an objective, albeit constructed, reality.

	==The concept of "text"==		==The concept of "text"==
-	The word "text" arose within structuralism as a replacement for the older idea in [[literary criticism]] of the "work," which is always complete and deliberately authored.<sup>[]</sup> A text must necessarily be thought of as incomplete, indeed as missing something crucial that provides the mechanics of understanding. The text is always partially hidden; one word for the hidden part in literary theory is the "[[subtext]]."<sup>[]</sup>	+	The word "text" arose within structuralism as a replacement for the older idea in [[literary criticism]] of the "work," which is always complete and deliberately authored.<sup>[7]</sup> A text must necessarily be thought of as incomplete, indeed as missing something crucial that provides the mechanics of understanding. The text is always partially hidden; one word for the hidden part in literary theory is the "[[subtext]]."<sup>[7]</sup>

-	The concept of the text in ''structuralism'' requires a relatively simple relationship between language and writing. [[Jacques Derrida]], a leading post-structuralist, questions this relationship, aiming his critique primarily at [[Ferdinand de Saussure]], who, he claims, does not recognize in the relationship between speech and writing "more than a ''narrow'' and ''derivative'' function."<sup>[]</sup> For Derrida, this approach requires putting too much emphasis on speech:	+	The concept of the text in ''structuralism'' requires a relatively simple relationship between language and writing. [[Jacques Derrida]], a leading post-structuralist, questions this relationship, aiming his critique primarily at [[Ferdinand de Saussure]], who, he claims, does not recognize in the relationship between speech and writing "more than a ''narrow'' and ''derivative'' function."<sup>[8]</sup> For Derrida, this approach requires putting too much emphasis on speech:
	:"Saussure confronts the system of the spoken language with the system of phonetic (and even alphabetic) writing as though with the telos (purpose) of writing."		:"Saussure confronts the system of the spoken language with the system of phonetic (and even alphabetic) writing as though with the telos (purpose) of writing."

	==Summation==		==Summation==
-	Barry says that "one of structuralisms characteristic views is the notion that language doesn’t just reflect or record the world: rather, it shapes it, so that how we see is what we see".<sup>[]</sup> This is closely linked to "[[post-structuralism]]" which is in fact, closely linked also to textuality. And Barry believes that the "post-structuralist maintains that the consequences of this belief are that we enter a universe of radical uncertainty…".<sup>[]</sup> Derrida further states:	+	Barry says that "one of structuralisms characteristic views is the notion that language doesn’t just reflect or record the world: rather, it shapes it, so that how we see is what we see".<sup>[1]</sup> This is closely linked to "[[post-structuralism]]" which is in fact, closely linked also to textuality. And Barry believes that the "post-structuralist maintains that the consequences of this belief are that we enter a universe of radical uncertainty…".<sup>[1]</sup> Derrida further states:
-	:"This [[teleology]] leads to the interpretation of all eruptions of the nonphonetic within writing as transitory crises and accidents of passage, and it is right to consider this teleology to be a Western [[ethnocentrism]], a premathematical [[primitivism]], and a [[Formalism (literature)\|preformalist]] [[intuitionism]]."<sup>[]</sup>	+	:"This [[teleology]] leads to the interpretation of all eruptions of the nonphonetic within writing as transitory crises and accidents of passage, and it is right to consider this teleology to be a Western [[ethnocentrism]], a premathematical [[primitivism]], and a [[Formalism (literature)\|preformalist]] [[intuitionism]]."<sup>[8]</sup>

	In short, textuality is an individual and uncertain skill that will always be read and interpreted in texts in different ways, by different people, and at different times. It is a literary tool that can never be defined like an exact science and that will always be influenced by the writer's life, such as, their upbringing, education, culture, age, religion, gender, and multiple other persuading factors.		In short, textuality is an individual and uncertain skill that will always be read and interpreted in texts in different ways, by different people, and at different times. It is a literary tool that can never be defined like an exact science and that will always be influenced by the writer's life, such as, their upbringing, education, culture, age, religion, gender, and multiple other persuading factors.

	==Textuality in the Media==		==Textuality in the Media==
-	'''Textuality''' can be seen, heard, read, and interacted with.<sup>[]</sup>	+	'''Textuality''' can be seen, heard, read, and interacted with.<sup>[9]</sup>

	Each of the three forms of ''[[Media (communication)\|Medium]]'': [[printing\|print]], [[electronic publishing\|electronic]], and [[Speech\|oral]], have a different form of '''Textuality''' that reflect the way the sensory modalities are stimulated.		Each of the three forms of ''[[Media (communication)\|Medium]]'': [[printing\|print]], [[electronic publishing\|electronic]], and [[Speech\|oral]], have a different form of '''Textuality''' that reflect the way the sensory modalities are stimulated.