Papyrus - Revision history

KJV: /* Manufacture and use */ removed redlinked .svg file - filetype not permitted

2021-02-13T18:10:22Z

Manufacture and use: removed redlinked .svg file - filetype not permitted

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 13 February 2021
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	== Manufacture and use ==		== Manufacture and use ==
-	~~[[Image:Papyrus sheet.svg\|thumb\|right\|Different ways of cutting papyrus stem and making of papyrus sheet]]~~
	[[Image:kew.gardens.papyrus.plant.arp.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Papyrus plant ''Cyperus papyrus'' at Kew Gardens, London]]		[[Image:kew.gardens.papyrus.plant.arp.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Papyrus plant ''Cyperus papyrus'' at Kew Gardens, London]]

Beza 1598 at 08:08, 5 March 2016

2016-03-05T08:08:14Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 5 March 2016
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	[[Category:Nile River Delta]]		[[Category:Nile River Delta]]
	[[Category:Manuscripts by type]]		[[Category:Manuscripts by type]]
		+
		+	{{Donate}}

Nick: /* Etymology */

2011-01-23T13:37:08Z

Etymology

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:37, 23 January 2011
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	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
-	[[~~File~~:Papyrus plant.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Papyrus plant growing in a garden, Australia]]	+	[[Image:Papyrus plant.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Papyrus plant growing in a garden, Australia]]
	The [[English language\|English]] word ''papyrus'' derives, via [[Latin]], from [[Greek language\|Greek]] πάπυρος ''papyros''. Greek has a second word for ''papyrus'', βύβλος ''byblos'' (said to derive from the name of the [[Phoenicia]]n city of [[Byblos]]). The Greek writer [[Theophrastus]], who flourished during the [[4th century BCE]], uses ''papuros'' when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and ''bublos'' for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος ''biblos'', which finds its way into English in such words as ''bibliography'', ''bibliophile'', and ''bible'', refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. ''Papyrus'' is also the etymon of ''paper'', a similar substance.		The [[English language\|English]] word ''papyrus'' derives, via [[Latin]], from [[Greek language\|Greek]] πάπυρος ''papyros''. Greek has a second word for ''papyrus'', βύβλος ''byblos'' (said to derive from the name of the [[Phoenicia]]n city of [[Byblos]]). The Greek writer [[Theophrastus]], who flourished during the [[4th century BCE]], uses ''papuros'' when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and ''bublos'' for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος ''biblos'', which finds its way into English in such words as ''bibliography'', ''bibliophile'', and ''bible'', refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. ''Papyrus'' is also the etymon of ''paper'', a similar substance.

Nick at 13:36, 23 January 2011

2011-01-23T13:36:47Z

Nick: /* History */

2011-01-23T13:36:12Z

History

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 23 January 2011
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	== History ==		== History ==
	[[Image:Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A section of the Egyptian ''[[Book of the Dead]]'' written on papyrus]]		[[Image:Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A section of the Egyptian ''[[Book of the Dead]]'' written on papyrus]]
-	Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the third millennium BCE.<sup[]</sup> In the first centuries BCE and CE, papyrus [[scroll (parchment)\|scroll]]s gained a rival as a writing surface in the form of [[parchment]], which was prepared from animal skins.<sup[]</sup> Sheets of parchment were folded to form quires from which [[Codex\|book-form codices]] were fashioned. Early Christian writers soon adopted the codex form, and in the Græco-Roman world it became common to cut sheets from papyrus rolls to form codices.	+	Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the third millennium BCE.<sup>[]</sup> In the first centuries BCE and CE, papyrus [[scroll (parchment)\|scroll]]s gained a rival as a writing surface in the form of [[parchment]], which was prepared from animal skins.<sup>[]</sup> Sheets of parchment were folded to form quires from which [[Codex\|book-form codices]] were fashioned. Early Christian writers soon adopted the codex form, and in the Græco-Roman world it became common to cut sheets from papyrus rolls to form codices.

	Codices were an improvement on the papyrus scroll as the papyrus was not pliable enough to fold without cracking and a long roll, or scroll, was required to create large volume texts. Papyrus had the advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce, but it was fragile and susceptible to both moisture and excessive dryness. Unless the papyrus was of good quality, the writing surface was irregular, and the range of media that could be used was also limited.		Codices were an improvement on the papyrus scroll as the papyrus was not pliable enough to fold without cracking and a long roll, or scroll, was required to create large volume texts. Papyrus had the advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce, but it was fragile and susceptible to both moisture and excessive dryness. Unless the papyrus was of good quality, the writing surface was irregular, and the range of media that could be used was also limited.

-	Papyrus was replaced in Europe by the cheaper locally-produced products [[parchment]] and [[vellum]], of significantly higher durability in moist climates, though [[Henri Pirenne]]'s connection of its disappearance with the Muslim overrunning of Egypt is contended.<sup[]</sup> Its last appearance in the [[Merovingian]] chancery is with a document of 692, though it was known in [[Gaul]] until the middle of the following century. The latest certain dates for the use of papyrus are 1057 for a papal decree (typically conservative, all papal "bulls" were on papyrus until 1022), under [[Pope Victor II]],<sup[]</sup> and 1087 for an Arabic document. Its use in Egypt continued until it was replaced by more inexpensive paper introduced by [[Arabs]]. Papyrus was documented as in use as late as the 12th century in the [[Byzantine Empire]], but there are no surviving examples. Although its uses had transferred to parchment, papyrus therefore just overlapped with the use of [[paper]] in Europe, which began in the 11th century.~~{{Citation needed\|date=April 2010}}~~	+	Papyrus was replaced in Europe by the cheaper locally-produced products [[parchment]] and [[vellum]], of significantly higher durability in moist climates, though [[Henri Pirenne]]'s connection of its disappearance with the Muslim overrunning of Egypt is contended.<sup>[]</sup> Its last appearance in the [[Merovingian]] chancery is with a document of 692, though it was known in [[Gaul]] until the middle of the following century. The latest certain dates for the use of papyrus are 1057 for a papal decree (typically conservative, all papal "bulls" were on papyrus until 1022), under [[Pope Victor II]],<sup[]</sup> and 1087 for an Arabic document. Its use in Egypt continued until it was replaced by more inexpensive paper introduced by [[Arabs]]. Papyrus was documented as in use as late as the 12th century in the [[Byzantine Empire]], but there are no surviving examples. Although its uses had transferred to parchment, papyrus therefore just overlapped with the use of [[paper]] in Europe, which began in the 11th century.

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==

Nick: /* History */

2011-01-23T13:35:01Z

History

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 23 January 2011
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	== History ==		== History ==
-	[[~~File~~:Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A section of the Egyptian ''[[Book of the Dead]]'' written on papyrus]]	+	[[Image:Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A section of the Egyptian ''[[Book of the Dead]]'' written on papyrus]]
	Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the third millennium BCE.<sup[]</sup> In the first centuries BCE and CE, papyrus [[scroll (parchment)\|scroll]]s gained a rival as a writing surface in the form of [[parchment]], which was prepared from animal skins.<sup[]</sup> Sheets of parchment were folded to form quires from which [[Codex\|book-form codices]] were fashioned. Early Christian writers soon adopted the codex form, and in the Græco-Roman world it became common to cut sheets from papyrus rolls to form codices.		Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the third millennium BCE.<sup[]</sup> In the first centuries BCE and CE, papyrus [[scroll (parchment)\|scroll]]s gained a rival as a writing surface in the form of [[parchment]], which was prepared from animal skins.<sup[]</sup> Sheets of parchment were folded to form quires from which [[Codex\|book-form codices]] were fashioned. Early Christian writers soon adopted the codex form, and in the Græco-Roman world it became common to cut sheets from papyrus rolls to form codices.

Nick at 13:33, 23 January 2011

2011-01-23T13:33:15Z

Show changes

Nick at 23:23, 21 March 2009

2009-03-21T23:23:37Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 23:23, 21 March 2009
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-	The English word papyrus derives, via Latin, from [[Greek]] πάπυρος papyros. Greek has a second word for papyrus, βύβλος byblos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The Greek writer Theophrastus, who flourished during the 4th century BC, uses papuros when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and byblos for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος biblos, which finds its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and [[bible]], refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. Papyrus is also the etymon of paper, a similar substance.	+	The English word papyrus derives, via [[Latin]], from [[Greek]] πάπυρος papyros. Greek has a second word for papyrus, βύβλος byblos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The Greek writer Theophrastus, who flourished during the 4th century BC, uses papuros when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and byblos for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος biblos, which finds its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and [[bible]], refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. Papyrus is also the etymon of paper, a similar substance.

	It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa [p3y pr-ˁ3] (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the 92 year old Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production. However no actual ancient text using this term is known. In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj [w3ḏ], tjufy [ṯwfy], and djet [ḏt]. The [[Greek]] word papyros has no known relationship to any Egyptian word or phrase.		It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa [p3y pr-ˁ3] (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the 92 year old Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production. However no actual ancient text using this term is known. In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj [w3ḏ], tjufy [ṯwfy], and djet [ḏt]. The [[Greek]] word papyros has no known relationship to any Egyptian word or phrase.

	The English word paper is also derived from papyrus.		The English word paper is also derived from papyrus.

Nick at 03:43, 23 February 2009

2009-02-23T03:43:55Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:43, 23 February 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	The English word papyrus derives, via Latin, from [[Greek]] πάπυρος papyros. Greek has a second word for papyrus, βύβλος byblos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The Greek writer Theophrastus, who flourished during the 4th century BC, uses papuros when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and ~~bublos~~ for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος biblos, which finds its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and [[bible]], refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. Papyrus is also the etymon of paper, a similar substance.	+	The English word papyrus derives, via Latin, from [[Greek]] πάπυρος papyros. Greek has a second word for papyrus, βύβλος byblos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The Greek writer Theophrastus, who flourished during the 4th century BC, uses papuros when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and byblos for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος biblos, which finds its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and [[bible]], refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. Papyrus is also the etymon of paper, a similar substance.

	It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa [p3y pr-ˁ3] (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the 92 year old Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production. However no actual ancient text using this term is known. In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj [w3ḏ], tjufy [ṯwfy], and djet [ḏt]. The [[Greek]] word papyros has no known relationship to any Egyptian word or phrase.		It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa [p3y pr-ˁ3] (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the 92 year old Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production. However no actual ancient text using this term is known. In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj [w3ḏ], tjufy [ṯwfy], and djet [ḏt]. The [[Greek]] word papyros has no known relationship to any Egyptian word or phrase.
		+
		+	The English word paper is also derived from papyrus.

Nick at 23:28, 28 December 2008

2008-12-28T23:28:20Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 23:28, 28 December 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	The English word papyrus derives, via Latin, from Greek πάπυρος papyros. Greek has a second word for papyrus, βύβλος byblos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The Greek writer Theophrastus, who flourished during the 4th century BC, uses papuros when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and bublos for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος biblos, which finds its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and bible, refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. Papyrus is also the etymon of paper, a similar substance.	+	The English word papyrus derives, via Latin, from [[Greek]] πάπυρος papyros. Greek has a second word for papyrus, βύβλος byblos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The Greek writer Theophrastus, who flourished during the 4th century BC, uses papuros when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and bublos for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface. The more specific term βίβλος biblos, which finds its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and [[bible]], refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. Papyrus is also the etymon of paper, a similar substance.

-	It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa [p3y pr-ˁ3] (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the 92 year old Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production. However no actual ancient text using this term is known. In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj [w3ḏ], tjufy [ṯwfy], and djet [ḏt]. The Greek word papyros has no known relationship to any Egyptian word or phrase.	+	It is often claimed that Egyptians referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa [p3y pr-ˁ3] (lit., "that which is of Pharaoh"), apparently denoting that the 92 year old Egyptian crown owned a monopoly on papyrus production. However no actual ancient text using this term is known. In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj [w3ḏ], tjufy [ṯwfy], and djet [ḏt]. The [[Greek]] word papyros has no known relationship to any Egyptian word or phrase.