Ibid. - Revision history

Nick at 04:10, 6 November 2017

2017-11-06T04:10:42Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:10, 6 November 2017
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	[[Image:Examples of Ibid.jpg\|thumbnail\|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]		[[Image:Examples of Ibid.jpg\|thumbnail\|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]
-	~~{{Italic title}}~~	+	''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem\|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text\|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].<sup>[1]</sup> To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.
-	'''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem\|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text\|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].<sup>[1]</sup> To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.	+

	''Ibid.'' may also be used in the Harvard (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material.<sup>[2]</sup><sup>[3]</sup> The previous reference should be immediately visible, e.g. within the same paragraph or page. Many academic publishers now prefer that "ibid." should not be given in italics, as it is a commonly found term.<sup>[4]</sup>		''Ibid.'' may also be used in the Harvard (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material.<sup>[2]</sup><sup>[3]</sup> The previous reference should be immediately visible, e.g. within the same paragraph or page. Many academic publishers now prefer that "ibid." should not be given in italics, as it is a commonly found term.<sup>[4]</sup>

Nick at 04:10, 6 November 2017

2017-11-06T04:10:21Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:10, 6 November 2017
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-	[[Image:Examples of Ibid~~, from "Justice" by Michael J- Sandel 2013-04-08 20-17~~.jpg\|thumbnail\|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]	+	[[Image:Examples of Ibid.jpg\|thumbnail\|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]
	{{Italic title}}		{{Italic title}}
	'''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem\|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text\|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].<sup>[1]</sup> To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.		'''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem\|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text\|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].<sup>[1]</sup> To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.

Nick at 04:02, 6 November 2017

2017-11-06T04:02:22Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:02, 6 November 2017
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-	[[~~File~~:Examples of Ibid, from "Justice" by Michael J- Sandel 2013-04-08 20-17.jpg\|thumbnail\|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]	+	[[Image:Examples of Ibid, from "Justice" by Michael J- Sandel 2013-04-08 20-17.jpg\|thumbnail\|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]
	{{Italic title}}		{{Italic title}}
	'''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem\|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text\|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].<sup>[1]</sup> To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.		'''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem\|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text\|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].<sup>[1]</sup> To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.

Nick: New page: An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel.]] {{Italic ti...

2017-11-06T04:01:56Z

New page: An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel.]] {{Italic ti...

New page

[[File:Examples of Ibid, from "Justice" by Michael J- Sandel 2013-04-08 20-17.jpg|thumbnail|An example of ''Ibid.'' citations in use, from "Justice" by [[Michael J. Sandel]].]]
{{Italic title}}
'''''Ibid.''''' ([[Latin]], short for ''[[wikt:ibidem|ibidem]]'', meaning "in the same place") is the term used to provide an [[endnote]], [[footnote]], or [[bibliography]] [[citation]] or [[reference]] for a [[Source text|source]] that was cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar in meaning to ''[[idem]]'' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same), abbreviated ''Id.'', which is commonly used in [[legal citation]].[1] To find the ''ibid.'' source, one must look at the reference preceding it.

''Ibid.'' may also be used in the Harvard (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material.[2][3] The previous reference should be immediately visible, e.g. within the same paragraph or page. Many academic publishers now prefer that "ibid." should not be given in italics, as it is a commonly found term.[4]

Notice that ''ibid.'' is an [[abbreviation]] where the last two letters of the word are not present; thus, it commonly takes a period (full stop) in both American and British usage.

==Example==
<blockquote>
:[1] E. Vijh, ''Latin for Dummies'' (New York: Academic, 1997), 23.
:[2] Ibid.
:[3] Ibid., 29.
:[4] A. Alhazred, ''The Necronomicon'' (Petrus de Dacia, 1994).
:[5] Ibid. 1, 34.
</blockquote>
Reference 2 is the same as reference 1: E. Vijh, ''Latin for Dummies'' on page 23, whereas reference 3 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a reference to the original citation in the form Ibid. <citation #>'', as in reference 5.

==Cultural references==

* Ibid. is used in the 1960s play ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]'' by [[Edward Albee]]. Albee uses an unabbreviated ibid{{huh|date=April 2017}} in his stage directions to tell an actor to use the same tone as the previous line.
* In the 1989 book ''Pyramids'' by [[Terry Pratchett]], one of the Ephebian philosophers is called "Ibid".
* In the 1997 movie ''[[Good Will Hunting]]'', the main character, Will Hunting, when arguing for himself in court against the dismissive rebuttals of the prosecuting attorney, cites obscure case law, then follows up by stating "Ibid, your Honor."

==See also==
* [[Ditto mark]]
* [[Em dash]]
* ''[[Loc. cit.]]''
* ''[[Op. cit.]]''
* [[Supra (grammar)|''Supra'' (grammar)]]
* [[List of Latin abbreviations]]

== References ==
* 1. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/idem thefreedictionary.com
* 2. Chicago Manual of Style Online, (13.64).
* 3. New Hart's Rules, Oxford University Press, 2005, p.396
* 4. E.g., "Style sheet: Cambridge University Press" (DOC). 2013.

==External links==

* [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=ibid&r=67 ''Ibid.''] on [[Reference.com|Dictionary.com]]
* [http://www.nongnu.org/bibulus/bibcit.html Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles]

[[Category:Bibliography]]
[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

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