William Tyndale - Revision history

Beza 1598 at 09:21, 5 March 2016

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	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale Wikipedia article on William Tyndale]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale Wikipedia article on William Tyndale]
	* [http://www.williamtyndale.com/ Friends of William Tyndale]		* [http://www.williamtyndale.com/ Friends of William Tyndale]

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Printed works

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	\|-		\|-
	\| 1528		\| 1528
	\| ''[[The Obedience of a Christen Man]]''~~<ref>{{Citation \|last=Tyndale \|first=William \|author-link=William Tyndale \|url=http://www.godrules.net/library/tyndale/19tyndale7.htm \|title=The Obedience of a Christian Man}}.</ref>~~ (''and how Christen rulers ought to govern...'')		\| ''[[The Obedience of a Christen Man]]'' (''and how Christen rulers ought to govern...'')
	\| [[Antwerp]]		\| [[Antwerp]]
	\| [[Merten de Keyser]]		\| [[Merten de Keyser]]
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	\| 1848*		\| 1848*
	\| ''Doctrinal Treatises and Introductions to Different Portions of the Holy Scriptures'', edited by [[Henry Walter (antiquary)\|Henry Walter]]~~<ref name="DNB">{{cite DNB\|wstitle=Walter, Henry\|volume=59}}</ref>~~		\| ''Doctrinal Treatises and Introductions to Different Portions of the Holy Scriptures'', edited by [[Henry Walter (antiquary)\|Henry Walter]]
	\|		\|
	\| [[Tindal, Frith, Barnes]]		\| [[Tindal, Frith, Barnes]]
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	\| 1850*		\| 1850*
	\| ''An Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue, The Supper of the Lord after the True Meaning of John VI. and I Cor. XI., and William Tracy's Testament Expounded'', edited by Henry Walter~~<ref name="DNB"/>~~		\| ''An Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue, The Supper of the Lord after the True Meaning of John VI. and I Cor. XI., and William Tracy's Testament Expounded'', edited by Henry Walter
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

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Quotes

Show changes

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Quotes

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Footnotes

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	* 1 [[Christopher De Hamel]], The Book. [[A History of The Bible]]		* 1 [[Christopher De Hamel]], The Book. [[A History of The Bible]]
	* 2 [[John Nichol (biographer)\|John Nichol]], Literary Anecdotes, Vol IX: Tindal genealogy; [[Burke's Landed Gentry]], 19th c editions, 'Tyndale of Haling'		* 2 [[John Nichol (biographer)\|John Nichol]], Literary Anecdotes, Vol IX: Tindal genealogy; [[Burke's Landed Gentry]], 19th c editions, 'Tyndale of Haling'
	* 3 [http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sben0056/Tyndale.London.htm Lecture by Dom Henry Wansbrough OSB MA (Oxon) STL LSS~~]</ref><ref>[[s:The Book of Martyrs/Chapter XII\|Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Chap XII]~~]		* 3 [http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sben0056/Tyndale.London.htm Lecture by Dom Henry Wansbrough OSB MA (Oxon) STL LSS]
	* 4 Tyndale, preface to ''Five bokes of Moses'' (1530).		* 4 Tyndale, preface to ''Five bokes of Moses'' (1530).
	* 5 Joannes Cochlaeus, ''Commenataria de Actis et Scriptis Martini Lutheri'' (St Victor, near Mainz: Franciscus Berthem, 1549), p. 134.		* 5 Joannes Cochlaeus, ''Commenataria de Actis et Scriptis Martini Lutheri'' (St Victor, near Mainz: Franciscus Berthem, 1549), p. 134.

Nick: /* See Also */

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Nick at 08:12, 25 October 2015

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	Tyndale translated the entire [[New Testament]] and many other [[Old Testament]] books including [[Book of Joshua\|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges\|Judges]], first and second Samuel, first and second Kings and first and second Chronicles. Unfortunately these unpublished works haven’t survived to today in their original forms. When Tyndale was martyred these works came to be in the possession of one his associates [[John Rodgers]]. These translations would be influential in the creation of the [[Matthew Bible]] which was published in 1537.		Tyndale translated the entire [[New Testament]] and many other [[Old Testament]] books including [[Book of Joshua\|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges\|Judges]], first and second Samuel, first and second Kings and first and second Chronicles. Unfortunately these unpublished works haven’t survived to today in their original forms. When Tyndale was martyred these works came to be in the possession of one his associates [[John Rodgers]]. These translations would be influential in the creation of the [[Matthew Bible]] which was published in 1537.

	Much of Tyndale's work eventually found its way into the [[King James Version]] (or "Authorised Version") of the Bible, published in [[1611 AD\|1611]], which, as the work of 57 independent scholars revising the existing English versions, drew significantly on Tyndale's translations.		Much of Tyndale's work eventually found its way into the [[King James Version]] (or "Authorised Version") of the [[Bible]], published in [[1611 AD\|1611]], which, as the work of 57 independent scholars revising the existing English versions, drew significantly on Tyndale's translations.

	==Biography==		==Biography==

Nick at 08:19, 2 November 2011

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	[[Image:Tyndale.jpg\|right\|William Tyndale]]		[[Image:Tyndale.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|right\|William Tyndale]]
	William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tindall or Tyndall; pronounced /ˈtɪndəl/) (c. [[1494 AD\|1494]] – [[1536 AD\|1536]]) was a 16th-century Protestant reformer and scholar who translated the [[New Testament ]] and sections of the [[Old Testament]] into the [[Early Modern English]] of his day. While a number of partial and complete Old English translations had been made from the seventh century onward, and [[Middle English]] translations particularly during the 14th century, Tyndale's is often claimed to be the first English translation to draw directly from [[Hebrew]] and [[Greek]] texts, and the first to take advantage of the new medium of print, which allowed for its wide distribution. Some claim <sup>[1]</sup> that [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] translated from the Hebrew and Greek also, but that all copies of his version were destroyed, and surviving ones are Catholic corruptions, because they contain many tables and charts relating to Catholic practice [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] openly opposed. Tyndale was arrested, jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde outside Brussels for over a year, tried for heresy and burnt at the stake.		William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tindall or Tyndall; pronounced /ˈtɪndəl/) (c. [[1494 AD\|1494]] – [[1536 AD\|1536]]) was a 16th-century Protestant reformer and scholar who translated the [[New Testament ]] and sections of the [[Old Testament]] into the [[Early Modern English]] of his day. While a number of partial and complete Old English translations had been made from the seventh century onward, and [[Middle English]] translations particularly during the 14th century, Tyndale's is often claimed to be the first English translation to draw directly from [[Hebrew]] and [[Greek]] texts, and the first to take advantage of the new medium of print, which allowed for its wide distribution. Some claim <sup>[1]</sup> that [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] translated from the Hebrew and Greek also, but that all copies of his version were destroyed, and surviving ones are Catholic corruptions, because they contain many tables and charts relating to Catholic practice [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] openly opposed. Tyndale was arrested, jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde outside Brussels for over a year, tried for heresy and burnt at the stake.

Nick at 12:42, 26 April 2011

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Nick: /* See Also */

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	==See Also==		==See Also==

			* [[Tyndale Bible]]
	* [[Tyndale's Letter from Prison]]		* [[Tyndale's Letter from Prison]]
	* [[Passover]]		* [[Passover]]

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	Tyndale's final words, spoken "at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice", were reported as "Lord! Open the King of England's eyes."<sup>[9]</sup>		Tyndale's final words, spoken "at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice", were reported as "Lord! Open the King of England's eyes."<sup>[9]</sup>

			==Quotes==

			:"Which thing only moved me to translate the New Testament. Because I had perceived by experience how that it was impossible to establish the lay people in any truth, except the scripture were plainly laid before their eyes in their mother tongue, that they might see the process, order, and meaning of the text." (Pentateuch of 1530)


	==See Also==		==See Also==

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	[[Image:Tyndale.jpg\|right\|William Tyndale]]		[[Image:Tyndale.jpg\|right\|William Tyndale]]
	William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tindall or Tyndall; pronounced /ˈtɪndəl/) (c. [[1494 AD\|1494]] – [[1536 AD\|1536]]) was a 16th-century Protestant reformer and scholar who translated the [[New Testament ]] and sections of the [[Old Testament]] into the [[Early Modern English]] of his day. While a number of partial and complete Old English translations had been made from the seventh century onward, and [[Middle English]] translations particularly during the 14th century, Tyndale's is often claimed to be the first English translation to draw directly from [[Hebrew]] and [[Greek]] texts, and the first to take advantage of the new medium of print, which allowed for its wide distribution. Some claim [1] that [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] translated from the Hebrew and Greek also, but that all copies of his version were destroyed, and surviving ones are Catholic corruptions, because they contain many tables and charts relating to Catholic practice [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] openly opposed. Tyndale was arrested, jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde outside Brussels for over a year, tried for heresy and burnt at the stake.		William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tindall or Tyndall; pronounced /ˈtɪndəl/) (c. [[1494 AD\|1494]] – [[1536 AD\|1536]]) was a 16th-century Protestant reformer and scholar who translated the [[New Testament ]] and sections of the [[Old Testament]] into the [[Early Modern English]] of his day. While a number of partial and complete Old English translations had been made from the seventh century onward, and [[Middle English]] translations particularly during the 14th century, Tyndale's is often claimed to be the first English translation to draw directly from [[Hebrew]] and [[Greek]] texts, and the first to take advantage of the new medium of print, which allowed for its wide distribution. Some claim <sup>[1]</sup> that [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] translated from the Hebrew and Greek also, but that all copies of his version were destroyed, and surviving ones are Catholic corruptions, because they contain many tables and charts relating to Catholic practice [[John Wycliffe\|Wycliffe]] openly opposed. Tyndale was arrested, jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde outside Brussels for over a year, tried for heresy and burnt at the stake.

	Tyndale translated the entire [[New Testament]] and many other [[Old Testament]] books including [[Book of Joshua\|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges\|Judges]], first and second Samuel, first and second Kings and first and second Chronicles. Unfortunately these unpublished works haven’t survived to today in their original forms. When Tyndale was martyred these works came to be in the possession of one his associates [[John Rodgers]]. These translations would be influential in the creation of the [[Matthew Bible]] which was published in 1537.		Tyndale translated the entire [[New Testament]] and many other [[Old Testament]] books including [[Book of Joshua\|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges\|Judges]], first and second Samuel, first and second Kings and first and second Chronicles. Unfortunately these unpublished works haven’t survived to today in their original forms. When Tyndale was martyred these works came to be in the possession of one his associates [[John Rodgers]]. These translations would be influential in the creation of the [[Matthew Bible]] which was published in 1537.
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	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Tyndale was born around 1490, possibly in one of the villages near Dursley, Gloucestershire. Within his immediate family, the Tyndales were also known at that period as Hychyns (Hitchins), and it was as William Hychyns that Tyndale was educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford. Tyndale's family had migrated to Gloucestershire within living memory of his birth, quite probably as a result of the Wars of the Roses, and it is known that the family derived from Northumberland but had more recently resided in East Anglia. Tyndale's uncle, Edward, was receiver to the lands of Lord Berkeley and it is this fact that provides evidence of the family's origin. Edward Tyndale is recorded in two genealogies [2] as having been the brother of Sir William Tyndale, KB, of Deane, Northumberland, and Hockwald, Norfolk, who was knighted at the marriage of Arthur, Prince of Wales to Katherine of Aragon. Tyndale's family was therefore derived from Baron Adam de Tyndale, a tenant-in-chief of [[Henry I of England\|Henry I]] (and whose family history is related in [[Tyndall]]).		Tyndale was born around 1490, possibly in one of the villages near Dursley, Gloucestershire. Within his immediate family, the Tyndales were also known at that period as Hychyns (Hitchins), and it was as William Hychyns that Tyndale was educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford. Tyndale's family had migrated to Gloucestershire within living memory of his birth, quite probably as a result of the Wars of the Roses, and it is known that the family derived from Northumberland but had more recently resided in East Anglia. Tyndale's uncle, Edward, was receiver to the lands of Lord Berkeley and it is this fact that provides evidence of the family's origin. Edward Tyndale is recorded in two genealogies <sup>[2]</sup> as having been the brother of Sir William Tyndale, KB, of Deane, Northumberland, and Hockwald, Norfolk, who was knighted at the marriage of Arthur, Prince of Wales to Katherine of Aragon. Tyndale's family was therefore derived from Baron Adam de Tyndale, a tenant-in-chief of [[Henry I of England\|Henry I]] (and whose family history is related in [[Tyndall]]).

	Tyndale was admitted to the Degree of [[Bachelor of Arts]] at [[Oxford University]] in 1512, the same year he became a [[subdeacon]]. He was made [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)\|Master of Arts]] in July 1515, three months after he had been ordained into the priesthood. The MA degree allowed him to start studying [[theology]], but the official course did not include the study of [[scripture]]. This horrified Tyndale, and he organised private groups for teaching and discussing the [[scriptures]].		Tyndale was admitted to the Degree of [[Bachelor of Arts]] at [[Oxford University]] in 1512, the same year he became a [[subdeacon]]. He was made [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)\|Master of Arts]] in July 1515, three months after he had been ordained into the priesthood. The MA degree allowed him to start studying [[theology]], but the official course did not include the study of [[scripture]]. This horrified Tyndale, and he organised private groups for teaching and discussing the [[scriptures]].
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	He was a gifted [[linguist]] (fluent in [[French language\|French]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Biblical Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], [[German language\|German]], [[Italian language\|Italian]], [[Latin]], and [[Spanish language\|Spanish]] in addition to his native [[English language\|English]]) and subsequently went to [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] (possibly studying under [[Desiderius Erasmus\|Erasmus]], whose 1503 ''Enchiridion Militis Christiani'' — "Handbook of the Christian Knight" — he translated into English). It is also believed that he met [[Thomas Bilney]] and [[John Frith]] at Cambridge.		He was a gifted [[linguist]] (fluent in [[French language\|French]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Biblical Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], [[German language\|German]], [[Italian language\|Italian]], [[Latin]], and [[Spanish language\|Spanish]] in addition to his native [[English language\|English]]) and subsequently went to [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] (possibly studying under [[Desiderius Erasmus\|Erasmus]], whose 1503 ''Enchiridion Militis Christiani'' — "Handbook of the Christian Knight" — he translated into English). It is also believed that he met [[Thomas Bilney]] and [[John Frith]] at Cambridge.

	Tyndale became chaplain in the house of Sir John Walsh at Little Sodbury in about 1521, and tutor to his children. His opinions involved him in controversy with his fellow clergymen, and around 1522, he was summoned before the Chancellor of the [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester\|Diocese of Worcester]] on a charge of [[heresy]]~~{{Fact\|date=August 2007}}~~.		Tyndale became chaplain in the house of Sir John Walsh at Little Sodbury in about 1521, and tutor to his children. His opinions involved him in controversy with his fellow clergymen, and around 1522, he was summoned before the Chancellor of the [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester\|Diocese of Worcester]] on a charge of [[heresy]].

	Soon afterwards, he determined to translate the [[Bible]] into English and was convinced that the way to God was through His word and that scripture should be available even to common people. [[John Foxe\|Foxe]] describes an argument with a "learned" but "blasphemous" clergyman, who had asserted to Tyndale that, "We had better be without God's laws than the Pope's." In a swelling of emotion, Tyndale made his response: "I defy the Pope, and all his laws; and if God spares my life, I will cause the boy that drives the plow in [[England]] to know more of the Scriptures than the Pope himself!" [3]		Soon afterwards, he determined to translate the [[Bible]] into English and was convinced that the way to God was through His word and that scripture should be available even to common people. [[John Foxe\|Foxe]] describes an argument with a "learned" but "blasphemous" clergyman, who had asserted to Tyndale that, "We had better be without God's laws than the Pope's." In a swelling of emotion, Tyndale made his response: "I defy the Pope, and all his laws; and if God spares my life, I will cause the boy that drives the plow in [[England]] to know more of the Scriptures than the Pope himself!" <sup>[3]</sup>

	Tyndale left for London in 1523 to seek permission to translate the [[Bible]] into [[English]] and to request other help from the [[Church]]. In particular, he hoped for support from Bishop [[Cuthbert Tunstall]], a well-known classicist whom [[Erasmus]] had praised after working with him on a [[Greek New Testament]]. However, the bishop did not regard Tyndale's scholarly credentials highly, was suspicious of his [[theology]] and, like many highly-placed churchmen, was uncomfortable with the idea of the Bible in the vernacular. The Church at this time did not deem that a new English translation of Scripture would be helpful. Tunstall told Tyndale he had no room for him in his household. [4] Tyndale preached and studied "at his book" in [[London]] for some time, relying on the help of a cloth merchant, Humphrey Monmouth. He then left [[England]] under a [[pseudonym]] and landed at [[Hamburg]] in 1524 with the work he had done so far on his translation of the [[New Testament]]. He completed his translation in 1525, with assistance from [[Franciscan\|Observant friar]] [[William Roy]].		Tyndale left for London in 1523 to seek permission to translate the [[Bible]] into [[English]] and to request other help from the [[Church]]. In particular, he hoped for support from Bishop [[Cuthbert Tunstall]], a well-known classicist whom [[Erasmus]] had praised after working with him on a [[Greek New Testament]]. However, the bishop did not regard Tyndale's scholarly credentials highly, was suspicious of his [[theology]] and, like many highly-placed churchmen, was uncomfortable with the idea of the Bible in the vernacular. The Church at this time did not deem that a new English translation of Scripture would be helpful. Tunstall told Tyndale he had no room for him in his household.<sup>[4]</sup> Tyndale preached and studied "at his book" in [[London]] for some time, relying on the help of a cloth merchant, Humphrey Monmouth. He then left [[England]] under a [[pseudonym]] and landed at [[Hamburg]] in 1524 with the work he had done so far on his translation of the [[New Testament]]. He completed his translation in 1525, with assistance from [[Franciscan\|Observant friar]] [[William Roy]].

	In 1525, publication of his work by [[Peter Quentell]] in [[Cologne]] was interrupted by [[anti-Lutheran]] influence, and it was not until 1526 that a full edition of the [[New Testament]] was produced by the printer [[Peter Schoeffer]] in [[Worms, Germany\|Worms]], an imperial free city then in the process of adopting [[Lutheranism]]. [5] More copies were soon being printed in [[Antwerp]]. The book was smuggled into [[England]] and [[Scotland]], and was condemned in October 1526 by Tunstall, who issued warnings to booksellers and had copies burned in public.		In 1525, publication of his work by [[Peter Quentell]] in [[Cologne]] was interrupted by [[anti-Lutheran]] influence, and it was not until 1526 that a full edition of the [[New Testament]] was produced by the printer [[Peter Schoeffer]] in [[Worms, Germany\|Worms]], an imperial free city then in the process of adopting [[Lutheranism]].<sup>[5]</sup> More copies were soon being printed in [[Antwerp]]. The book was smuggled into [[England]] and [[Scotland]], and was condemned in October 1526 by Tunstall, who issued warnings to booksellers and had copies burned in public.

	Following the publication of [[Tyndale's New Testament]], [[Thomas Cardinal Wolsey\|Cardinal Wolsey]] condemned Tyndale as a heretic and demanded his arrest.		Following the publication of [[Tyndale's New Testament]], [[Thomas Cardinal Wolsey\|Cardinal Wolsey]] condemned Tyndale as a heretic and demanded his arrest.
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	Tyndale went into hiding, possibly for a time in Hamburg, and carried on working. He revised his [[New Testament]] and began translating the [[Old Testament]] and writing various treatises. In 1530, he wrote ''The Practyse of Prelates'', opposing [[Henry VIII of England\|Henry VIII]]'s divorce on the grounds that it was unscriptural and was a plot by Cardinal Wolsey to get Henry entangled in the papal courts. This resulted in the king's wrath being directed at him: he asked the emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Charles V]] to have Tyndale apprehended and returned to England.		Tyndale went into hiding, possibly for a time in Hamburg, and carried on working. He revised his [[New Testament]] and began translating the [[Old Testament]] and writing various treatises. In 1530, he wrote ''The Practyse of Prelates'', opposing [[Henry VIII of England\|Henry VIII]]'s divorce on the grounds that it was unscriptural and was a plot by Cardinal Wolsey to get Henry entangled in the papal courts. This resulted in the king's wrath being directed at him: he asked the emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Charles V]] to have Tyndale apprehended and returned to England.

	Eventually, Tyndale was betrayed to the [[authorities]]. He was seized in [[Antwerp]] in 1535, betrayed by [[Henry Phillips]], and held in the castle of [[Vilvoorde]] near [[Brussels]]. [6]		Eventually, Tyndale was betrayed to the [[authorities]]. He was seized in [[Antwerp]] in 1535, betrayed by [[Henry Phillips]], and held in the castle of [[Vilvoorde]] near [[Brussels]].<sup>[6]</sup>

	He was tried on a charge of [[heresy]] in 1536 and condemned to death, despite [[Thomas Cromwell]]'s intercession on his behalf. He "was strangled to death while tied at the stake, and then his dead body was burned". [7] Foxe gives 6 October as the date of commemoration (left-hand date column), but gives no date of death (right-hand date column). The traditional date of commemoration is 6 October, but records of Tyndale's imprisonment suggest the date might have been some weeks earlier. [8]		He was tried on a charge of [[heresy]] in 1536 and condemned to death, despite [[Thomas Cromwell]]'s intercession on his behalf. He "was strangled to death while tied at the stake, and then his dead body was burned".<sup>[7]</sup> Foxe gives 6 October as the date of commemoration (left-hand date column), but gives no date of death (right-hand date column). The traditional date of commemoration is 6 October, but records of Tyndale's imprisonment suggest the date might have been some weeks earlier.<sup>[8]</sup>

	Tyndale's final words, spoken "at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice", were reported as "Lord! Open the King of England's eyes." [9]		Tyndale's final words, spoken "at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice", were reported as "Lord! Open the King of England's eyes."<sup>[9]</sup>

	==See Also==		==See Also==