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Nick: Protected "William Laud" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2012-03-19T11:15:32Z

Protected "William Laud" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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	~~sy5nBj~~ <a ~~href~~="http://~~hmkxiucmykyu~~.com/~~">hmkxiucmykyu<~~/a>		'''William Laud''' (7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1633 to 1645. One of the [[High Church]] [[Caroline divines]], he opposed radical forms of [[Puritan]]ism. This, and his support for [[Charles I of England\|King Charles I]], resulted in his beheading in the midst of the [[English Civil War]].

			==Clergyman==

			William Laud was born in a house on [[Broad Street, Reading\|Broad Street]] in [[Reading, Berkshire\|Reading]], of comparatively lowly origins; his father, also named William, was a [[cloth merchant]] (a fact about which Laud was to remain sensitive throughout his career). He was baptised at [[St Laurence's Church, Reading\|St Laurence's Church]] in Reading.<sup>[]</sup> He was educated at [[Reading School]] and, through a White Scholarship, [[St John's College, Oxford]].

			Laud was ordained on 5 April 1601; he soon gained a reputation for [[Arminian]] and [[High Church]] tendencies and antipathy to [[Puritan]]ism and for intellectual and organisational brilliance. At that time the [[Calvinism\|Calvinist]] party was strong in the Church of England and Laud's affirmation of [[apostolic succession]] was unpopular in many quarters. In 1605, somewhat against his will, he obliged his patron, [[Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy\|Lord Devonshire]], by conducting his marriage to a divorcée, [[Penelope Rich, Lady Rich\|Penelope, Lady Rich]]. In 1609 he became rector of [[West Tilbury]] in Essex.

			Laud continued to rise through the ranks of the clergy, becoming the President of St John's College in 1611; a [[Prebendary]] of Lincoln in 1614 and [[Archdeacon]] of Huntingdon in 1615. He was consecrated [[Bishop of St David's]] in 1621 and was translated as the [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]] in 1626 and the [[Bishop of London]] in 1628. Thanks to patrons, who included the King and the [[George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham\|Duke of Buckingham]], he reached the highest position in the [[Church of England]], the [[Province of Canterbury\|Archbishop of Canterbury]], and with it the episcopal primacy of All England in 1633. As [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] he was prominent in government, taking the King's line and that of [[Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford\|Lord Wentworth]] in all important matters. It is believed that he wrote the controversial [[Declaration of Sports]] issued by King Charles in 1633.

			In 1630, Laud was elected as [[Chancellor of the University of Oxford]] and became much more closely involved in the running of the university than many of his predecessors had been. Laud was instrumental in establishing [[University of Oxford\|Oxford]]'s [[Laudian Professor of Arabic\|Chair of Arabic]] and took an interest in acquiring Arabic manuscripts for the [[Bodleian Library]]. He also acquired, at some expense, two Arabic script printing sets from the Netherlands, first publishing in Oxford in 1639.<sup>[]</sup> His most significant contribution was the creation of a new set of statutes for the university, a task completed in 1636.<sup>[]</sup> Laud served as the fifth Chancellor of the [[University of Dublin]] between 1633 and 1645.

			[[Image:Wenceslas Hollar - Trial of Laud (State 2).jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\| Etching by [[Wenceslaus Hollar]], Laud being tried for treason, with several people present labelled.]]

			==High Church policy==
			The [[pun]] "give great praise to the Lord, and little Laud to the devil" is a warning to King Charles attributed to the official [[Jester\|court jester]] [[Archibald Armstrong]]. Laud was known to be touchy about his diminutive stature.

			Whereas Lord Wentworth saw the political dangers of Puritanism, Laud saw the threat to the [[episcopacy]]. But the Puritans themselves felt threatened: the [[Counter-Reformation]] was succeeding abroad and the [[Thirty Years' War]] was not progressing to the advantage of the Protestants. In this climate, Laud's high church policy was seen as a sinister development. A year after Laud's appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury, the ship ''Griffin'' left for America, carrying religious dissidents such as [[Anne Hutchinson]], the Reverend [[John Lothropp]] and the Reverend Zechariah Symmes.

			Laud's policy was influenced by his desire to impose uniformity on the Church of England, which was driven by a belief that this was the duty of his office but, to those of differing views, it came as persecution. Perhaps this had the [[unintended consequence]] of garnering support for the most implacable opponents of the Anglican compromise. In 1637, [[William Prynne]], [[John Bastwick]] and [[Henry Burton (Puritan)\|Henry Burton]] were convicted of [[seditious libel]] and had their ears cropped and their cheeks branded. Prynne reinterpreted the "SL" ("Seditious Libeller") branded on his forehead as "[[Stigmata]] Laudis".

			==Trial and execution==
			The [[Long Parliament]] of 1640 accused Laud of [[treason]] and, in the [[Grand Remonstrance]] of 1641, called for his imprisonment.<sup>[]</sup> Laud was imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]], where he remained throughout the early stages of the [[English Civil War]]. In the spring of 1644 he was brought to trial which, however, ended without a verdict. The parliament took up the issue and eventually passed a [[bill of attainder]] under which he was beheaded on 10 January 1645 on [[Tower Hill, London\|Tower Hill]], notwithstanding being granted a royal pardon.

			Laud is remembered in both the [[Church of England]] and the [[Episcopal Church (United States)\|Episcopal Church in the United States]] with a [[Commemoration (observance)\|Commemoration]] on 10 January. He is buried<!--head and all?--> at [[St. John's College, Oxford]].

			== See also ==

			* [[Lectionary 20]]

			==Bibliography==
			* [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]], ''Archbishop Laud, 1573-1645'' ISBN 1-84212-202-9

			==References==


			==External links==

			* [http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/wmlaud/index.html Royal Berkshire History: William Laud]



			{{DEFAULTSORT:Laud, William}}
			[[Category:1573 births]]
			[[Category:1645 deaths]]
			[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]]
			[[Category:Bishops of Bath and Wells]]
			[[Category:Bishops of London]]
			[[Category:Bishops of St David's]]
			[[Category:17th-century Anglican archbishops]]
			[[Category:Anglican theologians]]
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			[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Oxford]]
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			[[Category:People associated with Trinity College, Dublin]]
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			[[Category:People from Reading, Berkshire]]
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			[[Category:People executed by decapitation]]
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			[[Category:Executed priests]]
			[[Category:Executed English people]]
			[[Category:Bodleian Library]]
			[[Category:Anglican saints]]
			[[Category:Prisoners in the Tower of London]]

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