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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 27 April 2019
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	*[http://www.laurenscharff.com/courseinfo/SL03/email_study.htm All-caps is harder to read]		*[http://www.laurenscharff.com/courseinfo/SL03/email_study.htm All-caps is harder to read]
	*''[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20374 Capitals], a Primer of Information About Capitalization With Some Practical Typographic Hints as to The Use Of Capitals'' by Frederick W. Hamilton, 1918, from [[Project Gutenberg]]		*''[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20374 Capitals], a Primer of Information About Capitalization With Some Practical Typographic Hints as to The Use Of Capitals'' by Frederick W. Hamilton, 1918, from [[Project Gutenberg]]

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	[[Category:Alphabetic writing systems]]		[[Category:Alphabetic writing systems]]
	[[Category:Orthography]]		[[Category:Orthography]]
	[[Category:Typography]]		[[Category:Typography]]

Nick: Protected "Uppercase" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2011-11-02T07:10:25Z

Protected "Uppercase" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 07:10, 2 November 2011
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External links

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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	~~{{Wiktionary\|capital letter}}~~
	*[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8230899/alphabet-writing-uppercase Printing capitals worksheet]		*[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8230899/alphabet-writing-uppercase Printing capitals worksheet]
	*[http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/index.html Codex Vaticanus B/03] Detailed description of '''[[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]]''' with many images.		*[http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/index.html Codex Vaticanus B/03] Detailed description of '''[[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]]''' with many images.

Nick: New page: Williamsburg eighteenth century press letters '''Capital letters''' or '''majuscules''' (məˈdʒʌskjuːlz, ˈmædʒəskjuːlz) are the l...

2011-03-03T11:25:07Z

New page: thumb|300px|Williamsburg eighteenth century press letters '''Capital letters''' or '''majuscules''' (məˈdʒʌskjuːlz, ˈmædʒəskjuːlz) are the l...

New page

[[Image:UPPER CASE - lower case.jpg|thumb|300px|Williamsburg eighteenth century press letters]]
'''Capital letters''' or '''majuscules''' (məˈdʒʌskjuːlz, ˈmædʒəskjuːlz) are the larger of two type faces in a script. In the [[Roman alphabet]] they are ''A'', ''B'', ''C'', ''D'', etc. They are also called ''capitals'' (''caps'') or ''upper case'' (''uppercase''). The latter name comes from the antique age of setting type for printing presses, when printers kept the type for these letters in the upper drawers of a desk or in the upper [[type case]], while keeping the type for the more frequently-used [[lower case|smaller]] letters in the lower type case.

Capital and minuscule letters are differentiated in the [[Roman alphabet|Roman]], [[Greek alphabet|Greek]], [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]], [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]], and [[Coptic alphabet]]s. Many other [[writing system]]s (such as those used in the [[Georgian alphabet|Georgian language]], [[Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic]], [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]], [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]], and [[Devanāgarī|Devanagari]]) make no distinction between capital and lowercase letters – a system called [[unicase]]. Indeed, even European languages, except for [[Ancient Greek]] did not make this distinction before about the year 1300. Both "majuscule" and "[[Lower case|minuscule]]" letters existed, but the [[printing press]] had not been invented, yet, and a given handwritten document could use either one size/style or the other. However, before about 1700 [[literacy]] was very low in Europe and the [[Americas]], hence even handwriting was not used or understood by more than about one percent of people. Therefore, there was not any motivation to use both upper case and lower case letters in the same document as all documents were only used by a small number of scholars.

==History==
Historically, the majuscule glyphs preceded the minuscules, which evolved from the majuscules for use in [[cursive]] writing. In Western European writing they can be divided into four eras:
*Greek majuscule (9th – 3rd century B.C.) in contrast to the Greek [[uncial script]] (3rd century B.C. – 12 century A.D.) and the later Greek minuscule
*[[Roman square capitals|Roman majuscule]] (7th century B.C. – 4th century A.D.) in contrast to the Roman uncial (4th – 8th century B.C.), [[Roman Half Uncial]], and minuscule
*[[Carolingian]] majuscule (4th – 8th century A.D.) in contrast to the [[Carolingian minuscule]] (around 780 – 12th century)
*[[Gothic alphabet|Gothic]] majuscule (13th and 14th century), in contrast to the early Gothic (end of 11th to 13th century), Gothic (14th century), and late Gothic (16th century) minuscules.

==Usage==
In alphabets with a case distinction, capitals are used for [[capitalization]], [[acronym]]s, and [[Emphasis (typography)|emphasis]] (in some languages).

Capital letters were sometimes used for typographical emphasis in text made on a typewriter. However, long spans of Latin-alphabet text in all upper-case are harder to read because of the absence of the [[Ascender (typography)|ascender]]s and [[descender]]s found in lower-case letters, which can aid recognition. With the advent of modern computer editing technology and the [[Internet]], emphasis is usually indicated by use of a single word [[Capitals (typeface)|Capital]], [[Italic type|italic]], or [[bold typeface|bold]] font, similar to what has long been common practice in print. In typesetting, when an [[acronym]] or initialism requires a string of upper-case letters, it is frequently set in [[small capitals]], to avoid overemphasizing the word in mostly lower-case running text. In [[Internet|electronic communications]], it is often considered very poor "[[netiquette]]" to type in [[all caps|all capitals]], because it can be harder to read and because it is seen as tantamount to [[shouting]]. Indeed, this is the oft-used name for the practice. [[Larry Trask]] states that "it is possible to write an entire word or phrase in capital letters in order to emphasize it", but adds that "on the whole, though, it is preferable to express emphasis, not with capital letters, but with italics."<sup>[1]</sup>

[[Capitalization]] is the [[writing]] of a [[word]] with its first [[grapheme|letter]] in uppercase and the remaining letters in lowercase. Capitalization rules vary by [[language]] and are often quite complex, but in most modern languages that have capitalization, the first word of every [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] is capitalized, as are all [[proper noun]]s. Some languages, such as [[German language|German]], capitalize the first letter of all nouns; this was previously common in [[English language|English]] as well. (See the article on [[capitalization]] for a detailed list of norms).

In some traditional forms of poetry, capitalization has been conventionally used as a marker to indicate the beginning of a [[Line (poetry)|line of verse]] independent of any other grammatical feature.

==Other meanings==
For [[Paleography|paleographers]], a majuscule script is any script in which the letters have very few or very short ascenders and descenders, or none at all (for example, the majuscule scripts used in the [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]], or the [[Book of Kells]]).

==See also==
*[[All caps]]
*[[CamelCase]]
*[[Letter case]]
*[[Lower case]] (Minuscule)
*[[Roman square capitals]]
*[[Shift key]]
*[[Small caps]]
*[[Unicase]]

== References ==

* [http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/department/docs/punctuation/node27.html#SECTION00081000000000000000 Sussex.ac.uk]

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|capital letter}}
*[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8230899/alphabet-writing-uppercase Printing capitals worksheet]
*[http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/index.html Codex Vaticanus B/03] Detailed description of '''[[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]]''' with many images.
*[http://www.laurenscharff.com/courseinfo/SL03/email_study.htm All-caps is harder to read]
*''[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20374 Capitals], a Primer of Information About Capitalization With Some Practical Typographic Hints as to The Use Of Capitals'' by Frederick W. Hamilton, 1918, from [[Project Gutenberg]]

[[Category:Alphabetic writing systems]]
[[Category:Orthography]]
[[Category:Typography]]

Uppercase - Revision history

KJV: Template:Donate

Nick: Protected "Uppercase" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

Nick: /* External links */

Nick: New page: Williamsburg eighteenth century press letters '''Capital letters''' or '''majuscules''' (məˈdʒʌskjuːlz, ˈmædʒəskjuːlz) are the l...