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Nick: Protected "Synaxarion" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2010-04-10T14:21:56Z

Protected "Synaxarion" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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	'''Synaxarion''', '''Synexarion''', pl. '''Synaxaria''' (~~{{lang-el\|~~'''Συναξάριον'''}}, from ''συναγειν'', ''synagein'', to bring together; cf. [[etymology]] of "[[synaxis]]" and "[[synagogue]]")—Latin: '''Synaxarium''', '''Synexarium'''—the name given in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church\|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Oriental Orthodox Churches\|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] to a compilation of [[hagiography\|hagiographies]] corresponding roughly to the [[martyrology]] of the [[Roman Church]].		'''Synaxarion''', '''Synexarion''', pl. '''Synaxaria''' ('''Συναξάριον''', from ''συναγειν'', ''synagein'', to bring together; cf. [[etymology]] of "[[synaxis]]" and "[[synagogue]]")—Latin: '''Synaxarium''', '''Synexarium'''—the name given in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church\|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Oriental Orthodox Churches\|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] to a compilation of [[hagiography\|hagiographies]] corresponding roughly to the [[martyrology]] of the [[Roman Church]].

	There are two kinds of synaxaria:		There are two kinds of synaxaria:

Nick: New page: '''Synaxarion''', '''Synexarion''', pl. '''Synaxaria''' ({{lang-el|'''Συναξάριον'''}}, from ''συναγειν'', ''synagein'', to bring together; cf. etymology of "[[synaxi...

2010-04-10T14:21:28Z

New page: '''Synaxarion''', '''Synexarion''', pl. '''Synaxaria''' ({{lang-el|'''Συναξάριον'''}}, from ''συναγειν'', ''synagein'', to bring together; cf. etymology of "[[synaxi...

New page

'''Synaxarion''', '''Synexarion''', pl. '''Synaxaria''' ({{lang-el|'''Συναξάριον'''}}, from ''συναγειν'', ''synagein'', to bring together; cf. [[etymology]] of "[[synaxis]]" and "[[synagogue]]")—Latin: '''Synaxarium''', '''Synexarium'''—the name given in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] to a compilation of [[hagiography|hagiographies]] corresponding roughly to the [[martyrology]] of the [[Roman Church]].

There are two kinds of synaxaria:

*'''Simple Synaxaria''': lists of the [[saints]] arranged in the order of their anniversaries, e.g. the calendar of [[Morcelli]]
*'''Historical Synaxaria''': including biographical notices, e.g. the [[menology]] of [[Basil of Caesarea|Basil]] and the synaxarium of [[Jacques Sirmond|Sirmond]]. The notices given in the historical synaxaria are summaries of those in the great menologies, or collections of lives of saints, for the twelve months of the year. As the lessons in the Byzantine Divine Office are always lives of saints, the Synaxarion became the collection of short lives of saints and accounts of events whose memory is kept.

==Definitions==

The exact meaning of the name has changed at various times. Its first use was for the index to the Biblical and other lessons to be read in church. In this sense it corresponds to the Latin ''Capitulare'' and ''Comes''. Then the Synaxarion was filled up with the whole text of the [[pericope]]s to be read. As far as the Holy [[Liturgy]] was concerned this meant that it was essentially transformed into the "Gospel" and "Apostle" books. Synaxarion remained the title for the index to the other lessons. Without changing its name it was filled up with complete texts of these lessons. The mere index of such lessons is generally called ''menologion heortastikon'', a book now hardly needed or used, since the [[Typikon]] supplies the same, as well as other, information.

Certain metrical calendars extant in the Middle Ages were also called Synaxaria. [[Krumbacher]] ("Gesch. der byzantin, Lit.", 2nd ed., Munich, 1897, pp. 738, 755) describes those composed by [[Christopher of Mytilene]] (d. about 1050) and [[Theodore Prodromus]] (twelfth century).

==Examples==
The oldest historical synaxaria apparently go back to the tenth century. There are a great number of medieval Synaxaria extant in manuscript. They are important for Byzantine [[heortology]] and church history. The short lives that form the lessons were composed or collected by various writers. Of these [[Symeon Metaphrastes]] is the most important. The accounts are of very varying historical value. Emperor Basil II (976-1025) ordered a revision of the Synaxarion, which forms an important element of the present official edition (Analecta Bollandiana, XIV, 1895, p. 404). The Synaxarion is not now used as a separate book; it is incorporated in the Menaia. The account of the saint or [[Feast day|feast]] is read in the [[Orthros]] after the sixth ode of the Canon. It is printed in its place here, and bears each time the name synaxarion as title. Synaxarion then in modern use means, not the whole collection, but each separate lesson in the Menaia and other books. An example of such a Synaxarion (for St. Martin I, 13 April) will be found in [[Nilles]], op. cit., infra, I, xlix.

The publication of the [[Arabic language|Arabic text]] of the synaxarion of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] was started simultaneously by J. Forget in the ''Corp. script. orient.'' and by R. Basset in the ''[[Patrologia Orientalis]]'', and that of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church|Ethiopian]] synaxarion was begun by [[I. Guidi]] in the ''Patrologia orient.'' The [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian]] synaxarion, called the ''Synaxarion of Ter Israel'', was published at [[Constantinople]] in 1834.

==Byzantine Usage==

During the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic [[Canonical Hours#Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic usage|Divine Services]] the reading of the synaxarion (in the sense of brief lives of the saints of the day) will take place after the Sixth Ode of the [[Canon (hymnography)|Canon]] at [[Matins#Orthros in Eastern Christianity|Matins]] or at the [[Divine Liturgy]]. The synaxaria may be printed in a separate volume or may be included with other liturgical texts such as the [[Menaion]] or [[Horologion]].

==See also==

*[[Hagiography]]
*[[Paterikon]]
*[[Menaion]]
*[[Calendar of saints]]
*[[Martyrology]]

==References==

*[[Stefano Antonio Morcelli]], ''Kalendarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae'' (Rome, 1788)
*[[Hippolyte Delehaye]], "Le Synaxaire de Sirmond," in ''Analecta bollandiana'', xiv. 396-434, where the terminology is explained; idem, ''Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice Sirmondiano'' (Brussels, 1902), forming the volume ''Propylaeum ad acta sanctorum novembris''.

== External links ==
* [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/general/synaxarion_intro.aspx Introduction to The Synaxarion:] The Lives of the Saints of the Orthodox Church, by Hieromonk Makarios of Simonos Petra, Mount Athos

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[[Category:Eastern Catholicism]]
[[Category:Christian festivals and holy days]]
[[Category:Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox liturgical books]]

Synaxarion - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* External links */

Nick: Protected "Synaxarion" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

Nick at 14:21, 10 April 2010

Nick: New page: '''Synaxarion''', '''Synexarion''', pl. '''Synaxaria''' ({{lang-el|'''Συναξάριον'''}}, from ''συναγειν'', ''synagein'', to bring together; cf. etymology of "[[synaxi...