Stigma (letter) - Revision history

Nick: /* History and use */

2017-05-06T22:05:25Z

History and use

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:05, 6 May 2017
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	The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].		The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].

	The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg~~\|thumb~~\|px20]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.		The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|px20]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.

	In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).		In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).

Nick: /* History and use */

2017-05-06T22:05:03Z

History and use

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:05, 6 May 2017
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].		The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].

	The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|px20]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.		The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|thumb\|px20]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.

	In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).		In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).

Nick: /* References */

2017-05-06T22:04:32Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 6 May 2017
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	[[Category:Greek letters]]		[[Category:Greek letters]]
	[[Category:Typographic ligatures]]		[[Category:Typographic ligatures]]

			{{Donate}}

Nick: /* History and use */

2017-05-06T22:04:08Z

History and use

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 6 May 2017
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].		The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].

	The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|~~px30~~]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.		The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|px20]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.

	In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).		In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).

Nick: /* History and use */

2017-05-06T22:03:56Z

History and use

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:03, 6 May 2017
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].		The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].

	The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|~~px50~~]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.		The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|px30]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.

	In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).		In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).

Nick: /* History and use */

2017-05-06T22:03:32Z

History and use

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:03, 6 May 2017
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].		The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language\|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony\|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)\|sigma]].

	The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.		The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg\|px50]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.

	In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).		In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).

Nick: New page: '''Stigma''' ('''ϛ''') is a ligature of the Greek letters sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ), which was used in writing Gre...

2017-05-06T22:02:38Z

New page: '''Stigma''' ('''ϛ''') is a ligature of the Greek letters sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ), which was used in writing Gre...

New page

'''Stigma''' ('''ϛ''') is a [[Greek ligatures|ligature]] of the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] letters [[sigma (letter)|sigma (Σ)]] and [[tau (letter)|tau (Τ)]], which was used in writing Greek between the Middle Ages and the 19th century. It is also used as a [[Greek numerals|numeral symbol]] for the number 6. In this unrelated function, it is a continuation of the old letter [[digamma]] (originally Ϝ, cursive form Digamma cursive 01), which had served as a numeral since antiquity and was conflated with the σ-τ [[Typographic ligature|ligature]] in the [[Greek minuscule|minuscule]] handwriting of the Middle Ages.

== History and use ==

The στ ligature (Digamma cursive 07, Digamma cursive 04) was one of many ligature forms that came into widespread use as part of the [[Greek minuscule|minuscule]] writing style of Greek from the 9th and 10th centuries onwards. It is based on the [[sigma (letter)#Lunate sigma|lunate form (Ϲ)]] of the letter sigma.

With many other ligatures, it was used to print Greek during the early-modern era. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, the use of ligatures in print gradually diminished. The στ ligature was among the last to go, around the middle of the 19th century.

The name, ''stigma'' (στίγμα), is originally a common [[greek language|Greek]] noun meaning "a mark, dot, puncture", or generally "a sign", from the verb στίζω ("to puncture");<sup>[1]</sup> the related but distinct word ''stigme'' (στιγμή) is the classical and post-classical word for "geometric point; punctuation mark".<sup>[2]</sup> ''Stigma'' was co-opted as a name specifically for the στ sign, evidently because of the [[acrophony|acrophonic]] value of its initial ''st-'' as well as the analogy with the name of [[sigma (letter)|sigma]].

The numeral symbol, originally quite unrelated to the στ ligature, developed from the letter [[Ϝ]], which stood for the sound /w/ in early pre-classical forms of the Greek alphabet. This symbol became obsolete as a letter during the classical era but remained part of the Greek alphabet-based system of numerals, where its value of 6 corresponded to its original place in the alphabet. In its handwritten forms, its shape changed from [[Image:Greek_Digamma_oblique.jpg]] through Digamma angular to Digamma cursive 02 or Digamma cursive 06 during the Hellenistic period and late antiquity. Originally called ''wau'', it was called ''[[digamma]]'' in classical Greek and ''episemon'' during the Byzantine era. It was conflated with the στ ligature owing to the accidental similarities of their shapes. The association between the numeral 6 and the letter sequence στ became so strong that today, in Greece, the letter sequence ΣΤʹ or στʹ is often used in lieu of ϛʹ itself to write the number 6.

In modern practice, the term ''stigma'' is often applied to the symbol ϛ both in its function as a ligature and as a numeral, whereas the term ''digamma'' is normally used for the ancient letter representing /w/, which appears in modern print as Ϝ or ϝ (the form has a large number of close variants).

In modern typefaces, lowercase stigma is similar in appearance to final [[sigma]] (ς), but the top loop tends to be larger, and extends farther to the right. It can normally be distinguished from final sigma in the context, because the combination στ never occurs at the end of a word, and conversely the final sigma form ς never occurs inside a word and is never used as a numeral either. Uppercase forms of stigma as a numeral (Ϛ) are rare in practice; when they occur, they can often be confused with uppercase forms of another numeral symbol, [[koppa (letter)|koppa]] (Ϟϟ), which stands for 90.

Stigma is encoded in [[Unicode]] as "Greek letter stigma" U+03DA (Ϛ) and "Greek small letter stigma" U+03DB (ϛ).

==References==
* 1. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. ''A Greek-English Lexicon''. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940. S.v. "στίγμα".
* 2. E. A. Sophocles; ''Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods'' 5th ed. 1914; repr. 2005. ''Sub voce'' .

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stigma (Letter)}}
[[Category:Greek letters]]
[[Category:Typographic ligatures]]