Russian language - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* External links */

2016-03-10T08:59:12Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 10 March 2016
Line 484:		Line 484:
	[[Category:SVO languages]]		[[Category:SVO languages]]
	[[Category:Stress-timed languages]]		[[Category:Stress-timed languages]]

			{{Donate}}

Nick: /* Alphabet */

2011-01-09T03:36:41Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:36, 9 January 2011
Line 121:		Line 121:
	[[image:Azbuka 1574 by Ivan Fyodorov.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A page from Azbuka ([[Alphabet book]]), the first Russian printed textbook. Printed by [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)\|Ivan Fyodorov]] in 1574. This page features the [[Cyrillic alphabet]].]]		[[image:Azbuka 1574 by Ivan Fyodorov.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A page from Azbuka ([[Alphabet book]]), the first Russian printed textbook. Printed by [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)\|Ivan Fyodorov]] in 1574. This page features the [[Cyrillic alphabet]].]]

	See Also [[Russian alphabet]]		''See Also [[Russian alphabet]]''

	Russian is written using a modified version of the [[Cyrillic alphabet\|Cyrillic (кириллица)]] alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their upper case forms, along with [[help:IPA\|IPA]] values for each letter's typical sound:		Russian is written using a modified version of the [[Cyrillic alphabet\|Cyrillic (кириллица)]] alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their upper case forms, along with [[help:IPA\|IPA]] values for each letter's typical sound:

Nick: /* Alphabet */

2011-01-09T03:25:00Z

Alphabet

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:25, 9 January 2011
Line 119:		Line 119:
	===Alphabet===		===Alphabet===

	[[~~File~~:Azbuka 1574 by Ivan Fyodorov.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A page from Azbuka ([[Alphabet book]]), the first Russian printed textbook. Printed by [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)\|Ivan Fyodorov]] in 1574. This page features the [[Cyrillic alphabet]].]]		[[image:Azbuka 1574 by Ivan Fyodorov.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A page from Azbuka ([[Alphabet book]]), the first Russian printed textbook. Printed by [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)\|Ivan Fyodorov]] in 1574. This page features the [[Cyrillic alphabet]].]]

	See Also [[Russian alphabet]]		See Also [[Russian alphabet]]

Nick at 14:48, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T14:48:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 8 January 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Russian''' (русский язык, ''russkiy yazyk'', pronounced ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk) is a [[Slavic language]] primarily spoken in [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]]. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in [[Ukraine]], [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]] and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the [[Soviet Union\|USSR]].<sup>[]</sup>		'''Russian''' (русский язык, ''russkiy yazyk'', pronounced ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk) is a [[Slavic language]] primarily spoken in [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]]. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in [[Ukraine]], [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]] and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the [[Soviet Union\|USSR]].<sup>[6]</sup>

	It is the most geographically widespread language of [[Eurasia]], the most widely spoken of the [[Slavic languages]], and the largest [[native language]] in [[Europe]]. Russian belongs to the family of [[Indo-European languages]] and is one of three (or four including [[Rusyn language\|Rusyn]]) living members of the [[East Slavic languages]]. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards. The language is one of the six official languages of the [[United Nations]].		It is the most geographically widespread language of [[Eurasia]], the most widely spoken of the [[Slavic languages]], and the largest [[native language]] in [[Europe]]. Russian belongs to the family of [[Indo-European languages]] and is one of three (or four including [[Rusyn language\|Rusyn]]) living members of the [[East Slavic languages]]. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards. The language is one of the six official languages of the [[United Nations]].

Nick: /* Geographic distribution */

2011-01-08T14:46:58Z

Geographic distribution

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 8 January 2011
Line 17:		Line 17:
	During the [[Soviet Union\|Soviet]] period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the [[official language]] only in 1990.<sup>[]</sup> Following the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union\|break-up of the USSR]] in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.		During the [[Soviet Union\|Soviet]] period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the [[official language]] only in 1990.<sup>[]</sup> Following the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union\|break-up of the USSR]] in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.

	[[~~File~~:Ethnographic map of Slavs, Lubor Niederle.JPG\|300px\|left\|thumb\|Ethnographic map of the Slavic peoples prepared by Czech ethnographer [[Lubor Niederle]] showing territorial boundaries of Slavic languages in Eastern Europe in the mid 1920s]]		[[image:Ethnographic map of Slavs, Lubor Niederle.JPG\|300px\|left\|thumb\|Ethnographic map of the Slavic peoples prepared by Czech ethnographer [[Lubor Niederle]] showing territorial boundaries of Slavic languages in Eastern Europe in the mid 1920s]]

	In [[Latvia]] its official recognition and legality in the classroom have been a topic of considerable debate in a country where more than one-third of the population is Russian-speaking (see [[Russians in Latvia]]). Similarly, in [[Estonia]], Russophones constitute 25.6% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15–19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10–14 year old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English).<sup>[]</sup>		In [[Latvia]] its official recognition and legality in the classroom have been a topic of considerable debate in a country where more than one-third of the population is Russian-speaking (see [[Russians in Latvia]]). Similarly, in [[Estonia]], Russophones constitute 25.6% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15–19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10–14 year old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English).<sup>[]</sup>

Nick at 14:46, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T14:46:12Z

Show changes

Nick: /* External Links */

2011-01-08T14:40:07Z

External Links

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 Those who speak Russian as a mother or secondary language in [[Lithuania]] represent approximately 60% of the population of Lithuania. Also, more than half of the population of the [[Baltic states]] speak Russian either as foreign language or as mother tongue.<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup> As the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] was part of the [[Russian Empire]] from [[1809 AD|1809]] to [[1918 AD|1918]], and a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 [[Russian-speaking Finns]], amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the rest are recent immigrants, who have arrived in the 1990s and later.
 ==External Links==
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Wikipedia Article on Russian language]

Nick at 14:39, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T14:39:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 8 January 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Russian''' (русский язык, ~~[[Romanization of Russian\|transliteration]]:~~ russkiy yazyk, ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk, meaning 'Russian language') is the most geographically widespread language of [[Eurasia]], the most widely spoken of the [[Slavic languages]], and the largest [[native language]] in [[Europe]]. Russian belongs to the family of [[Indo-European languages]] and is one of three (or four including [[Rusyn language\|Rusyn]]) living members of the [[East Slavic languages]]. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards. The language is one of the six official languages of the [[United Nations]].		'''Russian''' (русский язык, russkiy yazyk, ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk, meaning 'Russian language') is the most geographically widespread language of [[Eurasia]], the most widely spoken of the [[Slavic languages]], and the largest [[native language]] in [[Europe]]. Russian belongs to the family of [[Indo-European languages]] and is one of three (or four including [[Rusyn language\|Rusyn]]) living members of the [[East Slavic languages]]. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards. The language is one of the six official languages of the [[United Nations]].

	Russian distinguishes between [[consonant]] [[phoneme]]s with [[palatalization\|palatal]] [[secondary articulation]] and those without, the so-called ''soft'' and ''hard'' sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the [[vowel reduction\|reduction]] of [[stress (linguistics)\|unstressed]] [[vowel]]s, which is somewhat similar to [[Unstressed and reduced vowels in English\|that of English]]. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated [[Orthography\|orthograph]]ically<sup>[1]</sup> though an optional [[acute accent]] (''знак ударения'') may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress (such as to distinguish between otherwise identical words or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names).		Russian distinguishes between [[consonant]] [[phoneme]]s with [[palatalization\|palatal]] [[secondary articulation]] and those without, the so-called ''soft'' and ''hard'' sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the [[vowel reduction\|reduction]] of [[stress (linguistics)\|unstressed]] [[vowel]]s, which is somewhat similar to [[Unstressed and reduced vowels in English\|that of English]]. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated [[Orthography\|orthograph]]ically<sup>[1]</sup> though an optional [[acute accent]] (''знак ударения'') may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress (such as to distinguish between otherwise identical words or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names).

Nick: /* Geographic distribution */

2010-09-15T12:03:09Z

Geographic distribution

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 15 September 2010
Line 18:		Line 18:

	In [[Latvia]] its official recognition and legality in the classroom have been a topic of considerable debate in a country where more than one-third of the population is Russian-speaking (see [[Russians in Latvia]]). Similarly, in [[Estonia]], Russophones constitute 25.6% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15–19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10–14 year old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English).<sup>[]</sup>		In [[Latvia]] its official recognition and legality in the classroom have been a topic of considerable debate in a country where more than one-third of the population is Russian-speaking (see [[Russians in Latvia]]). Similarly, in [[Estonia]], Russophones constitute 25.6% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15–19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10–14 year old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English).<sup>[]</sup>

			In [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Kyrgyzstan]], Russian remains a co-official language with [[Kazakh language\|Kazakh]] and [[Kyrgyz language\|Kyrgyz]], respectively. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population.<sup>[]</sup>

			Those who speak Russian as a mother or secondary language in [[Lithuania]] represent approximately 60% of the population of Lithuania. Also, more than half of the population of the [[Baltic states]] speak Russian either as foreign language or as mother tongue.<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup> As the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] was part of the [[Russian Empire]] from [[1809 AD\|1809]] to [[1918 AD\|1918]], and a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 [[Russian-speaking Finns]], amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the rest are recent immigrants, who have arrived in the 1990s and later.

	==External Links==		==External Links==

	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Wikipedia Article on Russian language]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Wikipedia Article on Russian language]

Nick: /* Geographic distribution */

2010-09-15T12:00:42Z

Geographic distribution

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 15 September 2010
Line 16:		Line 16:

	[[Image:Ethnographic map of Slavs, Lubor Niederle.JPG\|300px\|left\|thumb\|Ethnographic map of the Slavic peoples prepared by Czech ethnographer [[Lubor Niederle]] showing territorial boundaries of Slavic languages in Eastern Europe in the mid 1920s]]		[[Image:Ethnographic map of Slavs, Lubor Niederle.JPG\|300px\|left\|thumb\|Ethnographic map of the Slavic peoples prepared by Czech ethnographer [[Lubor Niederle]] showing territorial boundaries of Slavic languages in Eastern Europe in the mid 1920s]]

			In [[Latvia]] its official recognition and legality in the classroom have been a topic of considerable debate in a country where more than one-third of the population is Russian-speaking (see [[Russians in Latvia]]). Similarly, in [[Estonia]], Russophones constitute 25.6% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian.<sup>[]</sup> Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15–19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10–14 year old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English).<sup>[]</sup>

	==External Links==		==External Links==

	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Wikipedia Article on Russian language]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Wikipedia Article on Russian language]