Rome - Revision history

Beza 1598 at 14:19, 8 March 2016

2016-03-08T14:19:40Z

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	*[http://mv.vatican.va/StartNew_EN.html Vatican Museums]		*[http://mv.vatican.va/StartNew_EN.html Vatican Museums]
	*[http://www.museicapitolini.org/en/index_msie.htm Capitoline Museums]		*[http://www.museicapitolini.org/en/index_msie.htm Capitoline Museums]

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Xangenz at 16:29, 29 January 2010

2010-01-29T16:29:31Z

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	'''20th century'''		'''20th century'''

	[[Image:9 Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-310-0880-38, Italien, Rom, Tiger I vor Vittoriano.jpg‎ \|250px\|thumb\|~~left~~\|German troops occupying Rome in 1943.]]		[[Image:9 Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-310-0880-38, Italien, Rom, Tiger I vor Vittoriano.jpg‎ \|250px\|thumb\|right\|German troops occupying Rome in 1943.]]
	Soon after World War I, Rome witnessed the rise to power of Italian Fascism guided by Benito Mussolini, who marched on the city in 1922, eventually declaring a new Empire and allying Italy with Nazi Germany. This was a period of rapid growth in population, from 212,000 people at the time of unification to more than 1,000,000, but this trend was halted by World War II, during which Rome was damaged by both Allied forces bombing and Nazi occupation. After the execution of Mussolini and the end of the war, a 1946 referendum abolished the monarchy in favour of the Italian Republic.		Soon after World War I, Rome witnessed the rise to power of Italian Fascism guided by Benito Mussolini, who marched on the city in 1922, eventually declaring a new Empire and allying Italy with Nazi Germany. This was a period of rapid growth in population, from 212,000 people at the time of unification to more than 1,000,000, but this trend was halted by World War II, during which Rome was damaged by both Allied forces bombing and Nazi occupation. After the execution of Mussolini and the end of the war, a 1946 referendum abolished the monarchy in favour of the Italian Republic.

Xangenz: /* History */

2010-01-29T16:26:53Z

History

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	'''Fall of the (Western) Empire and Middle Ages'''		'''Fall of the (Western) Empire and Middle Ages'''

	[[Image:6 488px-Eroberung roms 410.jpg‎ \|250px\|thumb\|~~left~~\|15th century miniature depicting the Sack of Rome.]]		[[Image:6 488px-Eroberung roms 410.jpg‎ \|250px\|thumb\|right\|15th century miniature depicting the Sack of Rome.]]
	With the reign of Constantine I, the 'Bishop of Rome' gained political as well as religious importance, eventually becoming known as the Pope and establishing Rome as the centre of the Catholic Church. After the Sack of Rome in 410 AD by Alaric I and the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, Rome alternated between Byzantine and Germanic control. Its population declined to a mere 20,000 during the Early Middle Ages, reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation. Rome remained nominally part of the Byzantine Empire until 751 AD, when the Lombards finally abolished the Exarchate of Ravenna. In 756, Pepin the Short gave the Pope temporal jurisdiction over Rome and surrounding areas, thus creating the Papal States. In 846, Muslim Arabs invaded Rome and looted St. Peter's Basilica.<sup>[40]</sup>		With the reign of Constantine I, the 'Bishop of Rome' gained political as well as religious importance, eventually becoming known as the Pope and establishing Rome as the centre of the Catholic Church. After the Sack of Rome in 410 AD by Alaric I and the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, Rome alternated between Byzantine and Germanic control. Its population declined to a mere 20,000 during the Early Middle Ages, reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation. Rome remained nominally part of the Byzantine Empire until 751 AD, when the Lombards finally abolished the Exarchate of Ravenna. In 756, Pepin the Short gave the Pope temporal jurisdiction over Rome and surrounding areas, thus creating the Papal States. In 846, Muslim Arabs invaded Rome and looted St. Peter's Basilica.<sup>[40]</sup>

Xangenz: /* History */

2010-01-29T16:18:34Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 29 January 2010
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	The Roman Republic was wealthy, powerful and stable before it became an empire. According to tradition, Rome became a republic in 509 BC. However, it took a few centuries for Rome to become the great city of popular imagination, and it only became a great empire after the rule of Augustus (Octavian). By the 3rd century BC, Rome had become the pre-eminent city of the Italian peninsula, having conquered and defeated the Sabines, the Etruscans and most of the Greek colonies in Sicily, Campania and Southern Italy in general. During the Punic Wars between Rome and the great Mediterranean empire of Carthage, Rome's stature increased further as it became the capital of an overseas empire for the first time. Beginning in the 2nd century BC, Rome went through a significant population expansion as Italian farmers, driven from their ancestral farmlands by the advent of massive, slave-operated farms called latifundia, flocked to the city in great numbers. The victory over Carthage in the First Punic War brought the first two provinces outside the Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia. Parts of Spain (Hispania) followed, and in the beginning of the 2nd century the Romans got involved in the affairs of the Greek world. By then all Hellenistic kingdoms and the Greek city-states were in decline, exhausted from endless civil wars and relying on mercenary troops. This saw the fall of Greece in 146 BC, which ended up with what is known as the Greek Dark Ages and Roman rule in Greece.<sup>[33]</sup>		The Roman Republic was wealthy, powerful and stable before it became an empire. According to tradition, Rome became a republic in 509 BC. However, it took a few centuries for Rome to become the great city of popular imagination, and it only became a great empire after the rule of Augustus (Octavian). By the 3rd century BC, Rome had become the pre-eminent city of the Italian peninsula, having conquered and defeated the Sabines, the Etruscans and most of the Greek colonies in Sicily, Campania and Southern Italy in general. During the Punic Wars between Rome and the great Mediterranean empire of Carthage, Rome's stature increased further as it became the capital of an overseas empire for the first time. Beginning in the 2nd century BC, Rome went through a significant population expansion as Italian farmers, driven from their ancestral farmlands by the advent of massive, slave-operated farms called latifundia, flocked to the city in great numbers. The victory over Carthage in the First Punic War brought the first two provinces outside the Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia. Parts of Spain (Hispania) followed, and in the beginning of the 2nd century the Romans got involved in the affairs of the Greek world. By then all Hellenistic kingdoms and the Greek city-states were in decline, exhausted from endless civil wars and relying on mercenary troops. This saw the fall of Greece in 146 BC, which ended up with what is known as the Greek Dark Ages and Roman rule in Greece.<sup>[33]</sup>

	[[Image:55 800px-RomanEmpire 117.png‎\|~~250px~~\|thumb\|~~right~~\|The Roman Empire at its greatest extent under Trajan in AD 117.]]		[[Image:55 800px-RomanEmpire 117.png‎\|300px\|thumb\|left\|The Roman Empire at its greatest extent under Trajan in AD 117.]]
	The Roman Empire really began when Emperor Augustus (63 BC–AD 14; also known as Octavian) founded the principate in 27 BC,<sup>[34]</sup> which was a monarchy system which was headed by an emperor holding power for life, rather than making himself dictator like Julius Caesar had done, which had resulted in his assassination on 15 March, 44 BC.<sup>[35]</sup> At home, Emperor Augustus started off a great programme of social, political and economic reform and grand-scale reconstruction of the city of Rome. The city became dotted with impressive and magnificent new buildings, palaces, fora and basilicae. He became a great and enlightened patron of the arts, and his court was surrounded by Virgil, Horace and Propertius.<sup>[34]</sup> His rule also established the Pax Romana, a long period of relative peace which lasted approximately 200 years.<sup>[36]</sup> To follow him were emperors such as Caligula, Nero, Trajan, and Hadrian, to name a few. Roman emperor Nero was well-known for his extravagance, cruelty, tyranny, and the myth that he was the emperor who "fiddled while Rome burned" during the night of 18 to 19 July 64 AD.<sup>[37]</sup>		The Roman Empire really began when Emperor Augustus (63 BC–AD 14; also known as Octavian) founded the principate in 27 BC,<sup>[34]</sup> which was a monarchy system which was headed by an emperor holding power for life, rather than making himself dictator like Julius Caesar had done, which had resulted in his assassination on 15 March, 44 BC.<sup>[35]</sup> At home, Emperor Augustus started off a great programme of social, political and economic reform and grand-scale reconstruction of the city of Rome. The city became dotted with impressive and magnificent new buildings, palaces, fora and basilicae. He became a great and enlightened patron of the arts, and his court was surrounded by Virgil, Horace and Propertius.<sup>[34]</sup> His rule also established the Pax Romana, a long period of relative peace which lasted approximately 200 years.<sup>[36]</sup> To follow him were emperors such as Caligula, Nero, Trajan, and Hadrian, to name a few. Roman emperor Nero was well-known for his extravagance, cruelty, tyranny, and the myth that he was the emperor who "fiddled while Rome burned" during the night of 18 to 19 July 64 AD.<sup>[37]</sup>

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	Among its hundreds of churches, Rome contains the only four Major Basilicas of the Catholic Church: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome's cathedral), Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano (St. Peter's Basilica), Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura (Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls), and Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (St. Mary Major). Along with the minor basilica of Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura (Basilica of St. Lawrence Outside the Walls), those churches correspond to the five ancient sees of chalcedonian Christianity namely Rome, Byzantium, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem respectively. The Bishop of Rome is the Pope.		Among its hundreds of churches, Rome contains the only four Major Basilicas of the Catholic Church: Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome's cathedral), Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano (St. Peter's Basilica), Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura (Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls), and Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (St. Mary Major). Along with the minor basilica of Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura (Basilica of St. Lawrence Outside the Walls), those churches correspond to the five ancient sees of chalcedonian Christianity namely Rome, Byzantium, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem respectively. The Bishop of Rome is the Pope.


	== Administration ==		== Administration ==

Xangenz at 16:09, 29 January 2010

2010-01-29T16:09:51Z

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	[[Image:3 477px-Italy location map.svg.png‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy		[[Image:3 477px-Italy location map.svg.png‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy
	Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]		Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]
	~~[[Image:4 She-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Capitoline Wolf suckles the infant twins Romulus and Remus.]]~~
	'''Rome''' (English pronunciation: /roʊm/; Italian: Roma About this sound listen (help·info), pronounced [ˈroːma]; Latin: Rōma) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality (central area), with over 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million.<sup>[2]</sup> The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million.<sup>[3]</sup> It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber river within the Lazio region of Italy. The city has been one of history's most powerful and important centres, being the home of the emperor during the Roman Empire and the Italian government. The city also has a significant place in Christianity and is the present day home of the Roman Catholic Church and the site of the Vatican City, an independent city-state run by the Catholic Church.<sup>[4]</sup> Due to this, the city has often been nicknamed "Caput Mundi" (Latin for "Capital of the World")<sup>[5]</sup> and "The Eternal City". Also, Rome is widely regarded as one of the world's most beautiful ancient cities.<sup>[6]</sup>		'''Rome''' (English pronunciation: /roʊm/; Italian: Roma About this sound listen (help·info), pronounced [ˈroːma]; Latin: Rōma) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality (central area), with over 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million.<sup>[2]</sup> The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million.<sup>[3]</sup> It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber river within the Lazio region of Italy. The city has been one of history's most powerful and important centres, being the home of the emperor during the Roman Empire and the Italian government. The city also has a significant place in Christianity and is the present day home of the Roman Catholic Church and the site of the Vatican City, an independent city-state run by the Catholic Church.<sup>[4]</sup> Due to this, the city has often been nicknamed "Caput Mundi" (Latin for "Capital of the World")<sup>[5]</sup> and "The Eternal City". Also, Rome is widely regarded as one of the world's most beautiful ancient cities.<sup>[6]</sup>

Xangenz at 15:54, 29 January 2010

2010-01-29T15:54:49Z

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Xangenz at 14:51, 29 January 2010

2010-01-29T14:51:41Z

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	[[Image:1 750px-Collage Rome.jpg‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|A view of Rome: the top picture to the right is the Colosseum, followed left by the Vittorio Emanuele II monument, the Piazza della Repubblica, the Castel Sant' Angelo, the Trevi Fountain, the dome of St. Peter's Basilica and finally an aerial view of the city.]]		[[Image:1 750px-Collage Rome.jpg‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|A view of Rome: the top picture to the right is the Colosseum, followed left by the Vittorio Emanuele II monument, the Piazza della Repubblica, the Castel Sant' Angelo, the Trevi Fountain, the dome of St. Peter's Basilica and finally an aerial view of the city.]]
	[[Image:2 600px-Flag of Rome.svg.png‎ \|250px\|thumb\|right\|Flag]]		[[Image:2 600px-Flag of Rome.svg.png‎ \|250px\|thumb\|right\|Flag]]
	[[Image:3 477px-Italy location map.svg.png‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|~~Coat~~ of ~~arms~~]]		[[Image:3 477px-Italy location map.svg.png‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy
			Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]
	[[Image:4 She-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy		[[Image:4 She-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy
	Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]		Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]

Xangenz at 14:14, 29 January 2010

2010-01-29T14:14:05Z

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Xangenz: /* See also */

2010-01-29T12:02:13Z

Xangenz: New page: '''Rome''' (English pronunciation: /roʊm/; Italian: Roma About this sound listen (help·info), pronounced [ˈroːma]; Latin: Rōma) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and m...

2010-01-29T11:37:53Z

New page: '''Rome''' (English pronunciation: /roʊm/; Italian: Roma About this sound listen (help·info), pronounced [ˈroːma]; Latin: Rōma) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and m...

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:51, 29 January 2010
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	[[Image:1 750px-Collage Rome.jpg‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|A view of Rome: the top picture to the right is the Colosseum, followed left by the Vittorio Emanuele II monument, the Piazza della Repubblica, the Castel Sant' Angelo, the Trevi Fountain, the dome of St. Peter's Basilica and finally an aerial view of the city.]]		[[Image:1 750px-Collage Rome.jpg‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|A view of Rome: the top picture to the right is the Colosseum, followed left by the Vittorio Emanuele II monument, the Piazza della Repubblica, the Castel Sant' Angelo, the Trevi Fountain, the dome of St. Peter's Basilica and finally an aerial view of the city.]]
	[[Image:2 600px-Flag of Rome.svg.png‎ \|250px\|thumb\|right\|Flag]]		[[Image:2 600px-Flag of Rome.svg.png‎ \|250px\|thumb\|right\|Flag]]
	[[Image:3 477px-Italy location map.svg.png‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|~~Coat~~ of ~~arms~~]]		[[Image:3 477px-Italy location map.svg.png‎\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy
			Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]
	[[Image:4 She-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy		[[Image:4 She-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|right\|Location of Rome in Italy
	Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]		Coordinates: 41°54′N 12°30′E]]

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	== See also ==		== See also ==

	* Churches of Rome		::::* Churches of Rome
	* Glocal Forum, headquartered in Rome		::::* Glocal Forum, headquartered in Rome
	* Large Cities Climate Leadership Group		::::* Large Cities Climate Leadership Group
	* List of ancient monuments in Rome		::::* List of ancient monuments in Rome
	* Shopping areas and markets in Rome		::::* Shopping areas and markets in Rome


	== References ==		== References ==