Protocanonical books - Revision history

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	[[Category:Old Testament books]]		[[Category:Old Testament books]]

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Nick at 23:45, 4 January 2014

2014-01-04T23:45:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:45, 4 January 2014
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	The '''Protocanonical books''' are those books of the [[Old Testament]] which were coextensive with the [[Tanakh\|Hebrew Bible]] and which have always been considered [[Biblical canon\|canonical]] by almost all [[Christians]] throughout history. The term ''protocanonical'' is often used to contrast these books to the [[deuterocanonical books]] or [[Biblical apocrypha\|apocrypha]], which "were sometimes doubted"~~<sup[]</sup>~~ in the early church.		The '''Protocanonical books''' are those books of the [[Old Testament]] which were coextensive with the [[Tanakh\|Hebrew Bible]] and which have always been considered [[Biblical canon\|canonical]] by almost all [[Christians]] throughout history. The term ''protocanonical'' is often used to contrast these books to the [[deuterocanonical books]] or [[Biblical apocrypha\|apocrypha]], which "were sometimes doubted" in the early church.

	==Enumeration==		==Enumeration==
	These books are typically 39 in number in most English bibles. Based on the Jewish tradition of the [[Tanakh]], these same books may be counted as 24 books, counting the twelve [[Minor prophet\|minor prophets]] together as one book, one book each for 1 and 2 [[Books of Samuel\|Samuel]], 1 and 2 [[Books of Kings\|Kings]], and 1 and 2 [[Books of Chronicles\|Chronicles]], as well as a single book for [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]] and [[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]]. In his prologues, [[Jerome]] ~~<sup[]</sup>~~ counted the same content as 22 books, combining [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]] with [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and [[Book of Judges\|Judges]] with [[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]]. The list given in [[Codex Hierosolymitanus]] numbers the same books at 27.~~<sup[]</sup><sup[]</sup>~~		These books are typically 39 in number in most English bibles. Based on the Jewish tradition of the [[Tanakh]], these same books may be counted as 24 books, counting the twelve [[Minor prophet\|minor prophets]] together as one book, one book each for 1 and 2 [[Books of Samuel\|Samuel]], 1 and 2 [[Books of Kings\|Kings]], and 1 and 2 [[Books of Chronicles\|Chronicles]], as well as a single book for [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]] and [[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]]. In his prologues, [[Jerome]] counted the same content as 22 books, combining [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]] with [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and [[Book of Judges\|Judges]] with [[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]]. The list given in [[Codex Hierosolymitanus]] numbers the same books at 27.

	These enumerations were sometimes given a numerological significance.~~<sup[]</sup><sup[]</sup>~~ The 22-book enumeration was said to represent the number of letters in the [[Hebrew alphabet]]; the 5 double books ([[Book of Judges\|Judges]]/[[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]], [[Books of Samuel\|1/2 Samuel]], [[Books of Kings\|1/2 Kings]], [[Books of Chronicles\|1/2 Chronicles]], [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]]/[[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]], and [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]]/[[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]]) representing the five Hebrew letters that have double forms, chaph, mem, nun, phe, and sade. The 24-book enumeration was said to be represented by the 24 elders who throw their crowns before the [[Lamb of God\|Lamb]] in the [[Book of Revelation]]. The 27-book enumeration balances one-for-one the 27 canonical books of the [[New Testament]].		These enumerations were sometimes given a numerological significance. The 22-book enumeration was said to represent the number of letters in the [[Hebrew alphabet]]; the 5 double books ([[Book of Judges\|Judges]]/[[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]], [[Books of Samuel\|1/2 Samuel]], [[Books of Kings\|1/2 Kings]], [[Books of Chronicles\|1/2 Chronicles]], [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]]/[[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]], and [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]]/[[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]]) representing the five Hebrew letters that have double forms, chaph, mem, nun, phe, and sade. The 24-book enumeration was said to be represented by the 24 elders who throw their crowns before the [[Lamb of God\|Lamb]] in the [[Book of Revelation]]. The 27-book enumeration balances one-for-one the 27 canonical books of the [[New Testament]].

	==Controversy==		==Controversy==
	The protocanonical books were widely but not universally accepted by Christians as being in the canon. [[Athanasius]] omitted [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] ~~<sup[]</sup>~~ from his list. He may have been following an early 22-book Jewish canon, possibly the same one mentioned but not specified by [[Josephus]]. [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] omitted [[Song of Songs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], and [[Esdras\|Ezra-Nehemiah]] to obtain a listing of 22 books.~~<sup[]</sup>~~ Most famously, [[Marcion]] rejected all of the protocanonical books, preferring a [[Bible]] consisting only of a restricted [[New Testament]].		The protocanonical books were widely but not universally accepted by Christians as being in the canon. [[Athanasius]] omitted [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] from his list. He may have been following an early 22-book Jewish canon, possibly the same one mentioned but not specified by [[Josephus]]. [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] omitted [[Song of Songs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], and [[Esdras\|Ezra-Nehemiah]] to obtain a listing of 22 books. Most famously, [[Marcion]] rejected all of the protocanonical books, preferring a [[Bible]] consisting only of a restricted [[New Testament]].

	==List==		==List==

Nick at 23:43, 4 January 2014

2014-01-04T23:43:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:43, 4 January 2014
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	The '''Protocanonical books''' are those books of the [[Old Testament]] which were coextensive with the [[Tanakh\|Hebrew Bible]] and which have always been considered [[Biblical canon\|canonical]] by almost all [[Christians]] throughout history. The term ''protocanonical'' is often used to contrast these books to the [[deuterocanonical books]] or [[Biblical apocrypha\|apocrypha]], which "were sometimes doubted"<~~ref>''Old Testament of Douay'', Vol. 1, Proemial Annotations, 1635~~</~~ref~~> in the early church.		The '''Protocanonical books''' are those books of the [[Old Testament]] which were coextensive with the [[Tanakh\|Hebrew Bible]] and which have always been considered [[Biblical canon\|canonical]] by almost all [[Christians]] throughout history. The term ''protocanonical'' is often used to contrast these books to the [[deuterocanonical books]] or [[Biblical apocrypha\|apocrypha]], which "were sometimes doubted"<sup[]</sup> in the early church.

	==Enumeration==		==Enumeration==
	These books are typically 39 in number in most English bibles. Based on the Jewish tradition of the [[Tanakh]], these same books may be counted as 24 books, counting the twelve [[Minor prophet\|minor prophets]] together as one book, one book each for 1 and 2 [[Books of Samuel\|Samuel]], 1 and 2 [[Books of Kings\|Kings]], and 1 and 2 [[Books of Chronicles\|Chronicles]], as well as a single book for [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]] and [[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]]. In his prologues, [[Jerome]] <~~ref name="galeatus">~~[~~http://www.bombaxo.com/blog/?p=218 ''Prologus Galeatus''~~]~~, English translation~~</~~ref~~> counted the same content as 22 books, combining [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]] with [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and [[Book of Judges\|Judges]] with [[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]]. The list given in [[Codex Hierosolymitanus]] numbers the same books at 27.<~~ref>published by J.-P. Audet in~~ [~~http://jts.oxfordjournals.org ''JTS''] 1950, v1, pp. 135–154, cited in [http://www.ibri.org/DVD-1/RRs/RR013/13jamnia.html ''The Council of Jamnia and the Old Testament Canon''~~]~~, Robert C. Newman, 1983.~~</~~ref~~><~~ref>~~[~~http://department.monm.edu/classics/Speel_Festschrift/sundbergJr.htm ''"The Old Testament of the Early Church" Revisited''~~]~~, Albert C. Sundberg, Jr., 1997.~~</~~ref~~>		These books are typically 39 in number in most English bibles. Based on the Jewish tradition of the [[Tanakh]], these same books may be counted as 24 books, counting the twelve [[Minor prophet\|minor prophets]] together as one book, one book each for 1 and 2 [[Books of Samuel\|Samuel]], 1 and 2 [[Books of Kings\|Kings]], and 1 and 2 [[Books of Chronicles\|Chronicles]], as well as a single book for [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]] and [[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]]. In his prologues, [[Jerome]] <sup[]</sup> counted the same content as 22 books, combining [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]] with [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and [[Book of Judges\|Judges]] with [[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]]. The list given in [[Codex Hierosolymitanus]] numbers the same books at 27.<sup[]</sup><sup[]</sup>

	These enumerations were sometimes given a numerological significance.<~~ref name="galeatus"~~/><~~ref>~~[~~http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bible/prologi.shtml ''Prologues of St. Jerome''~~]~~, Latin text~~</~~ref~~> The 22-book enumeration was said to represent the number of letters in the [[Hebrew alphabet]]; the 5 double books ([[Book of Judges\|Judges]]/[[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]], [[Books of Samuel\|1/2 Samuel]], [[Books of Kings\|1/2 Kings]], [[Books of Chronicles\|1/2 Chronicles]], [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]]/[[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]], and [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]]/[[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]]) representing the five Hebrew letters that have double forms, chaph, mem, nun, phe, and sade. The 24-book enumeration was said to be represented by the 24 elders who throw their crowns before the [[Lamb of God\|Lamb]] in the [[Book of Revelation]]. The 27-book enumeration balances one-for-one the 27 canonical books of the [[New Testament]].		These enumerations were sometimes given a numerological significance.<sup[]</sup><sup[]</sup> The 22-book enumeration was said to represent the number of letters in the [[Hebrew alphabet]]; the 5 double books ([[Book of Judges\|Judges]]/[[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]], [[Books of Samuel\|1/2 Samuel]], [[Books of Kings\|1/2 Kings]], [[Books of Chronicles\|1/2 Chronicles]], [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]]/[[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]], and [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]]/[[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]]) representing the five Hebrew letters that have double forms, chaph, mem, nun, phe, and sade. The 24-book enumeration was said to be represented by the 24 elders who throw their crowns before the [[Lamb of God\|Lamb]] in the [[Book of Revelation]]. The 27-book enumeration balances one-for-one the 27 canonical books of the [[New Testament]].

	==Controversy==		==Controversy==
	The protocanonical books were widely but not universally accepted by Christians as being in the canon. [[Athanasius]] omitted [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] <~~ref>~~[~~http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm ''Letter 39''~~]~~, Athanasius of Alexandria, English translation~~</~~ref~~> from his list. He may have been following an early 22-book Jewish canon, possibly the same one mentioned but not specified by [[Josephus]]. [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] omitted [[Song of Songs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], and [[Esdras\|Ezra-Nehemiah]] to obtain a listing of 22 books.<~~ref>~~[~~http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14571b.htm ''Theodore of Mopsuestia''~~]~~, article from the Catholic Encyclopedia~~</~~ref~~> Most famously, [[Marcion]] rejected all of the protocanonical books, preferring a [[Bible]] consisting only of a restricted [[New Testament]].		The protocanonical books were widely but not universally accepted by Christians as being in the canon. [[Athanasius]] omitted [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] <sup[]</sup> from his list. He may have been following an early 22-book Jewish canon, possibly the same one mentioned but not specified by [[Josephus]]. [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] omitted [[Song of Songs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], and [[Esdras\|Ezra-Nehemiah]] to obtain a listing of 22 books.<sup[]</sup> Most famously, [[Marcion]] rejected all of the protocanonical books, preferring a [[Bible]] consisting only of a restricted [[New Testament]].

	==List==		==List==
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	==References==		==References==
	~~<references/>~~

	[[Category:Old Testament books]]		[[Category:Old Testament books]]

Nick at 03:39, 13 June 2009

2009-06-13T03:39:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:39, 13 June 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Protocanonical books		The '''Protocanonical books''' are those books of the [[Old Testament]] which were coextensive with the [[Tanakh\|Hebrew Bible]] and which have always been considered [[Biblical canon\|canonical]] by almost all [[Christians]] throughout history. The term ''protocanonical'' is often used to contrast these books to the [[deuterocanonical books]] or [[Biblical apocrypha\|apocrypha]], which "were sometimes doubted"<ref>''Old Testament of Douay'', Vol. 1, Proemial Annotations, 1635</ref> in the early church.

			==Enumeration==
			These books are typically 39 in number in most English bibles. Based on the Jewish tradition of the [[Tanakh]], these same books may be counted as 24 books, counting the twelve [[Minor prophet\|minor prophets]] together as one book, one book each for 1 and 2 [[Books of Samuel\|Samuel]], 1 and 2 [[Books of Kings\|Kings]], and 1 and 2 [[Books of Chronicles\|Chronicles]], as well as a single book for [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]] and [[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]]. In his prologues, [[Jerome]] <ref name="galeatus">[http://www.bombaxo.com/blog/?p=218 ''Prologus Galeatus''], English translation</ref> counted the same content as 22 books, combining [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]] with [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and [[Book of Judges\|Judges]] with [[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]]. The list given in [[Codex Hierosolymitanus]] numbers the same books at 27.<ref>published by J.-P. Audet in [http://jts.oxfordjournals.org ''JTS''] 1950, v1, pp. 135–154, cited in [http://www.ibri.org/DVD-1/RRs/RR013/13jamnia.html ''The Council of Jamnia and the Old Testament Canon''], Robert C. Newman, 1983.</ref><ref>[http://department.monm.edu/classics/Speel_Festschrift/sundbergJr.htm ''"The Old Testament of the Early Church" Revisited''], Albert C. Sundberg, Jr., 1997.</ref>

			These enumerations were sometimes given a numerological significance.<ref name="galeatus"/><ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bible/prologi.shtml ''Prologues of St. Jerome''], Latin text</ref> The 22-book enumeration was said to represent the number of letters in the [[Hebrew alphabet]]; the 5 double books ([[Book of Judges\|Judges]]/[[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]], [[Books of Samuel\|1/2 Samuel]], [[Books of Kings\|1/2 Kings]], [[Books of Chronicles\|1/2 Chronicles]], [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]]/[[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]], and [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]]/[[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]]) representing the five Hebrew letters that have double forms, chaph, mem, nun, phe, and sade. The 24-book enumeration was said to be represented by the 24 elders who throw their crowns before the [[Lamb of God\|Lamb]] in the [[Book of Revelation]]. The 27-book enumeration balances one-for-one the 27 canonical books of the [[New Testament]].

			==Controversy==
			The protocanonical books were widely but not universally accepted by Christians as being in the canon. [[Athanasius]] omitted [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] <ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm ''Letter 39''], Athanasius of Alexandria, English translation</ref> from his list. He may have been following an early 22-book Jewish canon, possibly the same one mentioned but not specified by [[Josephus]]. [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] omitted [[Song of Songs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], and [[Esdras\|Ezra-Nehemiah]] to obtain a listing of 22 books.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14571b.htm ''Theodore of Mopsuestia''], article from the Catholic Encyclopedia</ref> Most famously, [[Marcion]] rejected all of the protocanonical books, preferring a [[Bible]] consisting only of a restricted [[New Testament]].

			==List==
			The list of protocanonical books is [[Genesis]], [[Exodus]], [[Leviticus]], [[Book of Numbers\|Numbers]], [[Deuteronomy]], [[Book of Joshua\|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges\|Judges]], [[Book of Ruth\|Ruth]], [[Books of Samuel\|1–2 Samuel]], [[Books of Kings\|1–2 Kings]], [[Books of Chronicles\|1–2 Chronicles]], [[Book of Ezra\|Ezra]], [[Book of Nehemiah\|Nehemiah]], [[Book of Esther\|Esther]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], [[Psalms]], [[Book of Proverbs\|Proverbs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Song of Solomon]], [[Book of Isaiah\|Isaiah]], [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]], [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]], [[Book of Ezekiel\|Ezekiel]], [[Book of Daniel\|Daniel]], [[Book of Hosea\|Hosea]], [[Book of Joel\|Joel]], [[Book of Amos\|Amos]], [[Book of Obadiah\|Obadiah]], [[Book of Jonah\|Jonah]], [[Book of Micah\|Micah]], [[Book of Nahum\|Nahum]], [[Book of Habakkuk\|Habakkuk]], [[Book of Zephaniah\|Zephaniah]], [[Book of Haggai\|Haggai]], [[Book of Zechariah\|Zechariah]], and [[Book of Malachi\|Malachi]].

			==New Testament==
			By analogy with the early and broad acceptance of the Hebrew scriptural texts, the term ''protocanonical'' is also sometimes used to describe those books of the [[New Testament]] which were more widely accepted by the early Church than some of the other 27 books recognized today by almost all [[Christianity\|Christians]]. For more information concerning the development of the New Testament canon, see the article [[Biblical canon]].

			==References==
			<references/>

			[[Category:Old Testament books]]

Nick: Protected "Protocanonical books" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2009-03-15T07:19:35Z

Protected "Protocanonical books" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 07:19, 15 March 2009
(No difference)

Nick: New page: Protocanonical books

2009-03-15T07:19:31Z

New page: Protocanonical books

New page

Protocanonical books