Polyglot (book) - Revision history

Nick: /* External links */

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External links

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	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12222a.htm "Polyglot Bibles" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'']		* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12222a.htm "Polyglot Bibles" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'']
			* [http://www.bibles-online.net/hutter/ Hutter Polyglot (Nuremberg, 1599) online]

	[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]		[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]

	{{Donate}}		{{Donate}}

Nick: /* Printed Polyglots */

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Printed Polyglots

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	== Printed Polyglots ==		== Printed Polyglots ==
	[[~~File~~:Polyglot-layouts-EN.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Layouts.]]		[[image:Polyglot-layouts-EN.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Layouts.]]
	After the [[Printing press\|invention of printing]] and the revival of [[Philology\|philological]] studies, polyglots became a favourite means of advancing the knowledge of [[Middle East#Languages\|Middle Eastern languages]], for which no good references were available, as well as for the study of [[Scripture]].		After the [[Printing press\|invention of printing]] and the revival of [[Philology\|philological]] studies, polyglots became a favourite means of advancing the knowledge of [[Middle East#Languages\|Middle Eastern languages]], for which no good references were available, as well as for the study of [[Scripture]].

Nick: /* Printed Polyglots */

2020-05-25T12:34:38Z

Printed Polyglots

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	== Printed Polyglots ==		== Printed Polyglots ==
			[[File:Polyglot-layouts-EN.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|Layouts.]]
	After the [[Printing press\|invention of printing]] and the revival of [[Philology\|philological]] studies, polyglots became a favourite means of advancing the knowledge of [[Middle East#Languages\|Middle Eastern languages]], for which no good references were available, as well as for the study of [[Scripture]].		After the [[Printing press\|invention of printing]] and the revival of [[Philology\|philological]] studies, polyglots became a favourite means of advancing the knowledge of [[Middle East#Languages\|Middle Eastern languages]], for which no good references were available, as well as for the study of [[Scripture]].

Nick at 12:30, 25 May 2020

2020-05-25T12:30:29Z

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			[[Image:Genoa psalter.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Genoa psalter of 1516, edited by Agostino Giustiniani, [[Bishop of Nebbio]].]]
	A '''polyglot''' (also spelled '''polyglott''') is a book that contains [[Parallel text\|side-by-side versions of the same text]] in several different languages. Some editions of the [[Bible]] or its parts are polyglots, in which the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Greek language\|Greek]] originals are exhibited along with historical translations. Polyglots are useful for studying the history of the text and its interpretation.		A '''polyglot''' (also spelled '''polyglott''') is a book that contains [[Parallel text\|side-by-side versions of the same text]] in several different languages. Some editions of the [[Bible]] or its parts are polyglots, in which the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Greek language\|Greek]] originals are exhibited along with historical translations. Polyglots are useful for studying the history of the text and its interpretation.

Beza 1598: /* External links */

2016-03-11T15:54:37Z

External links

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	[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]		[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]

			{{Donate}}

Nick at 08:42, 1 December 2013

2013-12-01T08:42:20Z

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	== Origen's ''Hexapla'' ==		== Origen's ''Hexapla'' ==
	The first enterprise of this kind is the famous ''[[Hexapla]]'' of [[Origen of Alexandria]], in which the [[Old Testament]] [[Scriptures]] were written in six parallel columns, the first containing the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text, the second a transliteration of this in [[Greek language\|Greek]] letters, the third and fourth the [[Greek]] translations by [[Aquila of Sinope]] and by [[Symmachus the Ebionite]], the fifth the [[Septuagint]] version as revised by [[Origen of Alexandria\|Origen]], and the sixth the translation by [[Theodotion]]. However, as only two languages, [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Greek language\|Greek]], were employed, the work should perhaps be called a '''[[diglott]]''' rather than a polyglot in the usual sense.		The first enterprise of this kind is the famous ''[[Hexapla]]'' of [[Origen of Alexandria]], in which the [[Old Testament]] [[Scriptures]] were written in six parallel columns, the first containing the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text, the second a transliteration of this in [[Greek language\|Greek]] letters, the third and fourth the [[Greek]] translations by [[Aquila of Sinope]] and by [[Symmachus the Ebionite]], the fifth the [[Septuagint]] version as revised by [[Origen of Alexandria\|Origen]], and the sixth the translation by [[Theodotion]]. However, as only two languages, [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Greek language\|Greek]], were employed, the work should perhaps be called a '''[[diglott]]''' rather than a polyglot in the usual sense. It is believed by scholars that the modern so called [[Septuagint]] originated from Origen's fifth column.

	== Printed Polyglots ==		== Printed Polyglots ==
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	''See Also [[Complutensian Polyglot]]''		''See Also [[Complutensian Polyglot]]''

	The series began with the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' printed by [[Axnaldus Guilielmus de Brocario]] at the expense of [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Ximenes]] at the university at [[Alcalá de Henares]] (Complutum). The first volume of this, containing the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language\|Greek]] and [[Latin]], was completed on [[January 10]], [[1514 AD\|1514]]. In vols. ii.−v. (finished on [[July 10]], [[1517]]), the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text of the [[Old Testament]] was printed in the first column of each page, followed by the Latin [[Vulgate]] and then by the [[Septuagint]] version with an [[interlinear]] Latin translation. Below these stood the [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], again with a [[Latin]] translation. The sixth volume containing an appendix is dated [[1515 AD\|1515]], but the work did not receive the papal sanction until March [[1520 AD\|1520]], and was apparently not issued until [[1522 AD\|1522]]. The chief editors were [[Juan de Vergara]], [[Lopez de Zuniga]] (Stunica), [[Nunez de Guzman]] (Pincianus), [[Antonio de Librixa]] (Nebrissensis), and [[Demetrius Ducas]].		The series began with the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' printed by [[Axnaldus Guilielmus de Brocario]] at the expense of [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Ximenes]] at the university at [[Alcalá de Henares]] (Complutum). The first volume of this, containing the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language\|Greek]] and [[Latin]], was completed on [[January 10]], [[1514 AD\|1514]]. In vols. ii.−v. (finished on [[July 10]], [[1517 AD\|1517]]), the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text of the [[Old Testament]] was printed in the first column of each page, followed by the Latin [[Vulgate]] and then by the [[Septuagint]] version with an [[interlinear]] Latin translation. Below these stood the [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], again with a [[Latin]] translation. The sixth volume containing an appendix is dated [[1515 AD\|1515]], but the work did not receive the papal sanction until March [[1520 AD\|1520]], and was apparently not issued until [[1522 AD\|1522]]. The chief editors were [[Juan de Vergara]], [[Lopez de Zuniga]] (Stunica), [[Nunez de Guzman]] (Pincianus), [[Antonio de Librixa]] (Nebrissensis), and [[Demetrius Ducas]].

	=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===		=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===
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	=== ''Paris Polyglot'' === <!-- [[Guy Lefèvre de la Boderie]] links here-->		=== ''Paris Polyglot'' === <!-- [[Guy Lefèvre de la Boderie]] links here-->
	Next came [[Guy Michel Le Jay]]'s ''Paris Polyglot'' ([[1645]]), which embraces the first printed texts of the [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] [[Old Testament]] (edited by [[Gabriel Sionita]], a [[Maronite]], but the [[Book of Ruth]] by [[Abraham Ecchellensis]], also a Maronite) and of the [[Samaritan Pentateuch]] and version by [[Jean Morin (theologian)\|Jean Morin]] (Morinus). It has also an [[Arabic language\|Arabic]] version, or rather a series of various Arabic versions.		Next came [[Guy Michel Le Jay]]'s ''Paris Polyglot'' ([[1645 AD\|1645]]), which embraces the first printed texts of the [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] [[Old Testament]] (edited by [[Gabriel Sionita]], a [[Maronite]], but the [[Book of Ruth]] by [[Abraham Ecchellensis]], also a Maronite) and of the [[Samaritan Pentateuch]] and version by [[Jean Morin (theologian)\|Jean Morin]] (Morinus). It has also an [[Arabic language\|Arabic]] version, or rather a series of various Arabic versions.

	=== ''London Polyglot'' ===		=== ''London Polyglot'' ===
	The last great polyglot is [[Brian Walton (bishop)\|Brian Walton]]'s (London, [[1657]]), which is much less beautiful than Le Jay's but more complete in various ways, including, among other things, the [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] of [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] and of several [[apocrypha]]l books for which it is wanting in the Paris Bible, [[Persian language\|Persian]] versions of the Pentateuch and [[Gospels]], and the [[Psalms]] and [[New Testament]] in [[Ge'ez language\|Ethiopic]]. Walton was aided by able scholars and used much new manuscript material. His prolegomena and collections of various readings mark an important advance in biblical criticism. It was in connection with this polyglot that [[Edmund Castell]] produced his famous ''Heptaglott Lexicon'' (two volumes folio, London, [[1669]]), a monument of industry and erudition even when allowance is made for the fact that for the Arabic he had the great manuscript lexicon compiled and left to the [[University of Cambridge]] by [[William Bedwell]]. The liberality of [[Cardinal Ximenes]], who is said to have spent half a million [[ducats]] on it, removed the ''Complutensian'' polyglot from the risks of commerce. The other three editions all brought their promoters to the verge of ruin.		The last great polyglot is [[Brian Walton (bishop)\|Brian Walton]]'s (London, [[1657 AD\|1657]]), which is much less beautiful than [[Guy Michel Le Jay\|Le Jay's]] but more complete in various ways, including, among other things, the [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] of [[Book of Esther\|Esther]] and of several [[apocrypha]]l books for which it is wanting in the Paris Bible, [[Persian language\|Persian]] versions of the Pentateuch and [[Gospels]], and the [[Psalms]] and [[New Testament]] in [[Ge'ez language\|Ethiopic]]. Walton was aided by able scholars and used much new manuscript material. His prolegomena and collections of various readings mark an important advance in biblical criticism. It was in connection with this polyglot that [[Edmund Castell]] produced his famous ''Heptaglott Lexicon'' (two volumes folio, London, [[1669 AD\|1669]]), a monument of industry and erudition even when allowance is made for the fact that for the Arabic he had the great manuscript lexicon compiled and left to the [[University of Cambridge]] by [[William Bedwell]]. The liberality of [[Cardinal Ximenes]], who is said to have spent half a million [[ducats]] on it, removed the ''Complutensian'' polyglot from the risks of commerce. The other three editions all brought their promoters to the verge of ruin.

	Subsequent polyglots are of little scholarly importance, the best recent texts having been confined to a single language; but at least into the early 20th century many biblical students still used Walton and, if it was available, Le Jay.		Subsequent polyglots are of little scholarly importance, the best recent texts having been confined to a single language; but at least into the early 20th century many biblical students still used [[Brian Walton (bishop)\|Walton]] and, if it was available, [[Guy Michel Le Jay\|Le Jay]].

	== Genoa psalter ==		== Genoa psalter ==
	The numerous polyglot editions of parts of the Bible include the [[Genoa]] [[Psalms\|psalter]] of [[1516]], edited by [[Agostino Giustiniani]], bishop of [[Nebbio]]. This is in [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], and [[Arabic language\|Arabic]], and is interesting from the character of the Chaldee text, being the first specimen of Western printing in the Arabic writing system, and from a curious note on [[Christopher Columbus]] and the discovery of America on the margin of Psalm xix.		The numerous polyglot editions of parts of the Bible include the [[Genoa]] [[Psalms\|psalter]] of [[1516 AD\|1516]], edited by [[Agostino Giustiniani]], bishop of [[Nebbio]]. This is in [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], and [[Arabic language\|Arabic]], and is interesting from the character of the Chaldee text, being the first specimen of Western printing in the Arabic writing system, and from a curious note on [[Christopher Columbus]] and the discovery of America on the margin of Psalm xix.

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]		[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]

	~~[[cs:Polyglota]]~~
	~~[[da:Polyglot]]~~
	~~[[de:Polyglotte]]~~
	~~[[fr:Bible polyglotte]]~~
	~~[[pl:Poliglota (Biblia)]]~~
	~~[[ru:Полиглотта]]~~

Nick: /* Antwerp Polyglot */

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Antwerp Polyglot

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	=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===		=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===

	''See ~~Aslo~~ [[Biblia Polyglotta]]''		''See Also [[Biblia Polyglotta]]''

	About half a century after the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' came the ''[[Biblia Polyglotta\|Antwerp Polyglot]],'' printed by [[Plantin Press\|Christopher Plantin]] ([[1569]]-[[1572]], in eight volumes folio). The principal editor was [[Arias Montanus]], aided by [[Guido Fabricius Boderianus]], [[Franciscus Raphelengius\|Raphelengius]], [[Masius]], [[Lucas of Bruges]], and others. This work was under the patronage of [[Philip II of Spain]]; it added a new language to those of the ''Complutensian'' by including the [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] [[New Testament]]; and, while the earlier polyglot had only the [[Targum]] of [[Onkelos]] on the [[Pentateuch]], the Antwerp Bible had also the Targum on the [[Nevi'im\|Prophets]], and on [[Book of Esther\|Esther]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], [[Psalms]], and the Salomonic writings.		About half a century after the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' came the ''[[Biblia Polyglotta\|Antwerp Polyglot]],'' printed by [[Plantin Press\|Christopher Plantin]] ([[1569 AD\|1569]]-[[1572 AD\|1572]], in eight volumes folio). The principal editor was [[Arias Montanus]], aided by [[Guido Fabricius Boderianus]], [[Franciscus Raphelengius\|Raphelengius]], [[Masius]], [[Lucas of Bruges]], and others. This work was under the patronage of [[Philip II of Spain]]; it added a new language to those of the ''Complutensian'' by including the [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] [[New Testament]]; and, while the earlier polyglot had only the [[Targum]] of [[Onkelos]] on the [[Pentateuch]], the Antwerp Bible had also the Targum on the [[Nevi'im\|Prophets]], and on [[Book of Esther\|Esther]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], [[Psalms]], and the Salomonic writings.

	=== ''Paris Polyglot'' === <!-- [[Guy Lefèvre de la Boderie]] links here-->		=== ''Paris Polyglot'' === <!-- [[Guy Lefèvre de la Boderie]] links here-->

Nick: /* Complutensian Polyglot */

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Complutensian Polyglot

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	''See Also [[Complutensian Polyglot]]''		''See Also [[Complutensian Polyglot]]''

	The series began with the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' printed by [[Axnaldus Guilielmus de Brocario]] at the expense of [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Ximenes]] at the university at [[Alcalá de Henares]] (Complutum). The first volume of this, containing the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language\|Greek]] and [[Latin]], was completed on [[January 10]], [[1514]]. In vols. ii.−v. (finished on [[July 10]], [[1517]]), the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text of the [[Old Testament]] was printed in the first column of each page, followed by the Latin [[Vulgate]] and then by the [[Septuagint]] version with an [[interlinear]] Latin translation. Below these stood the [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], again with a [[Latin]] translation. The sixth volume containing an appendix is dated [[1515 AD\|1515]], but the work did not receive the papal sanction until March [[1520 AD\|1520]], and was apparently not issued until [[1522 AD\|1522]]. The chief editors were [[Juan de Vergara]], [[Lopez de Zuniga]] (Stunica), [[Nunez de Guzman]] (Pincianus), [[Antonio de Librixa]] (Nebrissensis), and [[Demetrius Ducas]].		The series began with the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' printed by [[Axnaldus Guilielmus de Brocario]] at the expense of [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Ximenes]] at the university at [[Alcalá de Henares]] (Complutum). The first volume of this, containing the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language\|Greek]] and [[Latin]], was completed on [[January 10]], [[1514 AD\|1514]]. In vols. ii.−v. (finished on [[July 10]], [[1517]]), the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text of the [[Old Testament]] was printed in the first column of each page, followed by the Latin [[Vulgate]] and then by the [[Septuagint]] version with an [[interlinear]] Latin translation. Below these stood the [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], again with a [[Latin]] translation. The sixth volume containing an appendix is dated [[1515 AD\|1515]], but the work did not receive the papal sanction until March [[1520 AD\|1520]], and was apparently not issued until [[1522 AD\|1522]]. The chief editors were [[Juan de Vergara]], [[Lopez de Zuniga]] (Stunica), [[Nunez de Guzman]] (Pincianus), [[Antonio de Librixa]] (Nebrissensis), and [[Demetrius Ducas]].

	=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===		=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===

Nick: /* Complutensian Polyglot */

2011-01-26T02:49:01Z

Complutensian Polyglot

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	''See Also [[Complutensian Polyglot]]''		''See Also [[Complutensian Polyglot]]''

	The series began with the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' printed by [[Axnaldus Guilielmus de Brocario]] at the expense of [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Ximenes]] at the university at [[Alcalá de Henares]] (Complutum). The first volume of this, containing the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language\|Greek]] and [[Latin]], was completed on January 10, 1514. In vols. ii.−v. (finished on July 10, 1517), the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text of the [[Old Testament]] was printed in the first column of each page, followed by the Latin [[Vulgate]] and then by the [[Septuagint]] version with an [[interlinear]] Latin translation. Below these stood the [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], again with a Latin translation. The sixth volume containing an appendix is dated [[1515]], but the work did not receive the papal sanction until March [[1520]], and was apparently not issued until [[1522]]. The chief editors were [[Juan de Vergara]], [[Lopez de Zuniga]] (Stunica), [[Nunez de Guzman]] (Pincianus), [[Antonio de Librixa]] (Nebrissensis), and [[Demetrius Ducas]].		The series began with the ''[[Complutensian Polyglot Bible\|Complutensian]]'' printed by [[Axnaldus Guilielmus de Brocario]] at the expense of [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros\|Cardinal Ximenes]] at the university at [[Alcalá de Henares]] (Complutum). The first volume of this, containing the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language\|Greek]] and [[Latin]], was completed on [[January 10]], [[1514]]. In vols. ii.−v. (finished on [[July 10]], [[1517]]), the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text of the [[Old Testament]] was printed in the first column of each page, followed by the Latin [[Vulgate]] and then by the [[Septuagint]] version with an [[interlinear]] Latin translation. Below these stood the [[Aramaic language\|Chaldee]], again with a [[Latin]] translation. The sixth volume containing an appendix is dated [[1515 AD\|1515]], but the work did not receive the papal sanction until March [[1520 AD\|1520]], and was apparently not issued until [[1522 AD\|1522]]. The chief editors were [[Juan de Vergara]], [[Lopez de Zuniga]] (Stunica), [[Nunez de Guzman]] (Pincianus), [[Antonio de Librixa]] (Nebrissensis), and [[Demetrius Ducas]].

	=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===		=== ''Antwerp Polyglot'' ===

Nick at 02:44, 26 January 2011

2011-01-26T02:44:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 26 January 2011
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	== Origen's ''Hexapla'' ==		== Origen's ''Hexapla'' ==
	The first enterprise of this kind is the famous ''[[Hexapla]]'' of [[Origen of Alexandria]], in which the [[Old Testament]] [[Scriptures]] were written in six parallel columns, the first containing the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text, the second a transliteration of this in [[Greek language\|Greek]] letters, the third and fourth the Greek translations by [[Aquila of Sinope]] and by [[Symmachus the Ebionite]], the fifth the [[Septuagint]] version as revised by Origen, and the sixth the translation by [[Theodotion]]. However, as only two languages, Hebrew and Greek, were employed, the work should perhaps be called a '''diglott''' rather than a polyglot in the usual sense.		The first enterprise of this kind is the famous ''[[Hexapla]]'' of [[Origen of Alexandria]], in which the [[Old Testament]] [[Scriptures]] were written in six parallel columns, the first containing the [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] text, the second a transliteration of this in [[Greek language\|Greek]] letters, the third and fourth the [[Greek]] translations by [[Aquila of Sinope]] and by [[Symmachus the Ebionite]], the fifth the [[Septuagint]] version as revised by [[Origen of Alexandria\|Origen]], and the sixth the translation by [[Theodotion]]. However, as only two languages, [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Greek language\|Greek]], were employed, the work should perhaps be called a '''[[diglott]]''' rather than a polyglot in the usual sense.

	== Printed Polyglots ==		== Printed Polyglots ==
	After the invention of printing and the revival of [[Philology\|philological]] studies, polyglots became a favourite means of advancing the knowledge of Middle Eastern languages, for which no good references were available, as well as for the study of [[Scripture]].		After the [[Printing press\|invention of printing]] and the revival of [[Philology\|philological]] studies, polyglots became a favourite means of advancing the knowledge of [[Middle East#Languages\|Middle Eastern languages]], for which no good references were available, as well as for the study of [[Scripture]].

	=== ''Complutensian Polyglot'' ===		=== ''Complutensian Polyglot'' ===