Phraseology - Revision history

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	* [http://phraseoseminar.slovo-spb.ru/ Phraseological seminar by Prof. V.M.Mokienko]		* [http://phraseoseminar.slovo-spb.ru/ Phraseological seminar by Prof. V.M.Mokienko]
	* [http://supermif.com/frazeologizm/fraz_golovna.html Interpretation of phraseology]		* [http://supermif.com/frazeologizm/fraz_golovna.html Interpretation of phraseology]

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	[[Category:Lexicology]]		[[Category:Lexicology]]
	[[Category:Rhetoric]]		[[Category:Rhetoric]]

Nick at 13:22, 27 June 2015

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 27 June 2015
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	== History of the development of phraseology ==		== History of the development of phraseology ==
	Phraseology (from [[Ancient Greek\|Greek]] φράσις ''phrasis'', "way of speaking" and -λογία ''-logia'', "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century.<sup>[]</sup> It took its start when [[Charles Bally]]'s<sup>[]</sup> notion of ''locutions phraseologiques'' entered Russian [[lexicology]] and [[lexicography]] in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969)<sup>[]</sup> within the approach of [[transformational grammar]], Arnold (1973),<sup>[]</sup> and Lipka (1992 [1974]).<sup>[]</sup> In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990)<sup>[]</sup> and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996)<sup>[]</sup> whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field.		Phraseology (from [[Ancient Greek\|Greek]] φράσις ''phrasis'', "way of speaking" and -λογία ''-logia'', "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century.<sup>[1]</sup> It took its start when [[Charles Bally]]'s<sup>[2]</sup> notion of ''locutions phraseologiques'' entered Russian [[lexicology]] and [[lexicography]] in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969)<sup>[3]</sup> within the approach of [[transformational grammar]], Arnold (1973),<sup>[4]</sup> and Lipka (1992 [1974]).<sup>[5]</sup> In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990)<sup>[6]</sup> and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996)<sup>[7]</sup> whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field.

	==Phraseological units==		==Phraseological units==
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	''See Also [[Phraseme]]''		''See Also [[Phraseme]]''

	The basic units of analysis in phraseology are often referred to as [[phraseme]]s or ''phraseological units''. '''Phraseological units''' are (according to Prof. Kunin A.V.) stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings ("to kick the bucket", “Greek gift”, “drink till all's blue”, “drunk as a fiddler (drunk as a lord, as a boiled owl)”, “as mad as a hatter (as a march hare)”). According to Rosemarie Gläser, a '''phraseological unit''' is a lexicalized, reproducible bilexemic or polylexemic word group in common use, which has relative syntactic and semantic stability, may be idiomatized, may carry [[connotations]], and may have an emphatic or intensifying function in a text.<sup>[]</sup>		The basic units of analysis in phraseology are often referred to as [[phraseme]]s or ''phraseological units''. '''Phraseological units''' are (according to Prof. Kunin A.V.) stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings ("to kick the bucket", “Greek gift”, “drink till all's blue”, “drunk as a fiddler (drunk as a lord, as a boiled owl)”, “as mad as a hatter (as a march hare)”). According to Rosemarie Gläser, a '''phraseological unit''' is a lexicalized, reproducible bilexemic or polylexemic word group in common use, which has relative syntactic and semantic stability, may be idiomatized, may carry [[connotations]], and may have an emphatic or intensifying function in a text.<sup>[8]</sup>

	== References ==		== References ==
			* 1. Knappe, Gabriele. (2004) Idioms and Fixed Expressions in English Language Study before 1800. Peter Lang.
			* 2. Bally, Charles (1909 [1951]) Traité de stylistique française. Genève: Georg et Cie.
			* 3. Weinreich, Uriel (1969) Problems in the Analysis of Idioms. In J. Puhvel (ed.), Substance and Structure of Language, 23-81. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
			* 4. Arnold, I.V. (1973) The English Word Moscow: Higher School Publishing House
			* 5. Lipka, Leonhard. 1992. An Outline of English Lexicology. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
			* 6. Welte, Werner. (1990) Englische Phraseologie und Idiomatik. Ein Arbeitsbuch mit umfassender Bibliographie. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
			* 7. Cowie, A. P. & Peter Howarth. (1996) Phraseology - a Select Bibliography. International Journal of Lexicography 9(1): 38–51
			* 8. Gläser, Rosemarie. 1998. The Stylistic Potential of Phraselological Units in the Light of Genre Analysis In A.P. Cowie (ed.), Phraseology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 125.
	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==
	* Altenberg, Bengt. 1998. On the Phraseology of Spoken English: The Evidence of Recurrent Word-Combinations In A.P. Cowie (ed.), ''Phraseology''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.		* Altenberg, Bengt. 1998. On the Phraseology of Spoken English: The Evidence of Recurrent Word-Combinations In A.P. Cowie (ed.), ''Phraseology''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Nick: /* External links */

2015-06-27T13:20:00Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 27 June 2015
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* [http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/82/1008287/1008287a1.htm фразеология] – krugosvet.ru ~~{{ru icon}}~~		* [http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/82/1008287/1008287a1.htm фразеология] – krugosvet.ru
	* [http://www.europhras.org/ The European Society of Phraseology]		* [http://www.europhras.org/ The European Society of Phraseology]
	* [http://www.euralex.org/ The European Association for Lexicography]		* [http://www.euralex.org/ The European Association for Lexicography]
	* [http://phraseoseminar.slovo-spb.ru/ Phraseological seminar by Prof. V.M.Mokienko] ~~{{ru icon}}~~		* [http://phraseoseminar.slovo-spb.ru/ Phraseological seminar by Prof. V.M.Mokienko]
	* [http://supermif.com/frazeologizm/fraz_golovna.html Interpretation of phraseology] ~~{{ua icon}}~~		* [http://supermif.com/frazeologizm/fraz_golovna.html Interpretation of phraseology]

	[[Category:Lexicology]]		[[Category:Lexicology]]
	[[Category:Rhetoric]]		[[Category:Rhetoric]]

Nick: New page: In linguistics, '''phraseology''' is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively r...

2015-06-27T13:16:37Z

New page: In linguistics, '''phraseology''' is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively r...

New page

In [[linguistics]], '''phraseology''' is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as [[idiom]]s, [[phrasal verb]]s, and other types of multi-word [[lexical unit]]s (often collectively referred to as ''[[phraseme]]s''), in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meanings when used independently. For example, ‘[[Dutch auction]]’ is composed of the words ''Dutch'' ‘of or pertaining to the Netherlands’ and ''auction'' ‘a public sale in which goods are sold to the highest bidder’, but its meaning is not ‘a sale in the Netherlands where goods are sold to the highest bidder’. Instead, the phrase has a conventionalized meaning referring to any auction where, instead of rising, the prices fall.

== History of the development of phraseology ==
Phraseology (from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] φράσις ''phrasis'', "way of speaking" and -λογία ''-logia'', "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century.[] It took its start when [[Charles Bally]]'s[] notion of ''locutions phraseologiques'' entered Russian [[lexicology]] and [[lexicography]] in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969)[] within the approach of [[transformational grammar]], Arnold (1973),[] and Lipka (1992 [1974]).[] In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990)[] and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996)[] whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field.

==Phraseological units==

''See Also [[Phraseme]]''

The basic units of analysis in phraseology are often referred to as [[phraseme]]s or ''phraseological units''. '''Phraseological units''' are (according to Prof. Kunin A.V.) stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings ("to kick the bucket", “Greek gift”, “drink till all's blue”, “drunk as a fiddler (drunk as a lord, as a boiled owl)”, “as mad as a hatter (as a march hare)”). According to Rosemarie Gläser, a '''phraseological unit''' is a lexicalized, reproducible bilexemic or polylexemic word group in common use, which has relative syntactic and semantic stability, may be idiomatized, may carry [[connotations]], and may have an emphatic or intensifying function in a text.[]

== References ==

==Bibliography==
* Altenberg, Bengt. 1998. On the Phraseology of Spoken English: The Evidence of Recurrent Word-Combinations In A.P. Cowie (ed.), ''Phraseology''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* Álvarez de la Granja, María (ed.). 2008. ''Fixed Expressions in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. A Multilingual and Multidisciplinary Approach''. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovac.
* Amosova, N.N. 1963. ''Osnovi angliyskoy frazeologii''. Leningrad.
* Anscombre, Jean-Claude & Salah Mejri (eds.) 2011. ''Le figement linguistique : la parole en-travée''. Paris: Honoré Champion.
* Arsentieva, E.F. 2006. ''Frazeologiya i frazeografija v sopostavitel’nom aspekte (na materiale angliyskogo i russkogo yazikov)''. Kazan’.
* [[Harald Burger|Burger, Harald]], Dobrovol´skij, Dmitrij, Kuhn, Peter, & Norrrick, Neal. (eds.) 2007.'' Phraseology: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research:'' Vols. 1-2, Berlin: de Gruyter.
* Cowie, A.P. 1998. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Df-iQpNMLcgC ''Phraseology: Theory, Analysis, and Applications'']. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Cherdantseva, T.Z. 2007. J''azik I ego obrazi: Ocherki po italyanskoy frazeologii''. Moskva: URSS.
* Everaert, Martin, Erik-Jan van der Linden, André Schenk & Rob Schreuder (eds.) 1995; ''Idioms: Structural and Psychological perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
* Gläser, Rosemarie. 1998. The Stylistic Potential of Phraselological Units in the Light of Genre Analysis In A.P. Cowie (ed.), ''Phraseology''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* [[Jürg Häusermann|Häusermann, Jürg]]. 1977. ''Hauptprobleme der deutschen Phraseologie auf der Basis sowjetischer Forschungsergebnisse''. Tübingen
* Knappe, Gabriele. 2004. ''Idioms and Fixed Expressions in English Language Study before 1800''. Peter Lang.
* Kunin, A.V. 1967. Osnovnie ponjatija angliyskoy frazeologii kak lingvisticheskoy disciplini. In ''Anglo-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar'', 1233–1264. Moskva.
* Kunin, A.V. 1970. ''Angliyskaya frazeologiya''. Moskva.
* Kunin, A.V. 1972. 'F'razeologija sovremennogo angliyskogo yazika''. Moskva.
* Kunin, A.V. 1996. ''Kurs fraseologii sovremennogo angliyskogo yazika''. 2-e izd. pererab. Moskva: Visshaya Shkola.
* Mel’čuk I.A. 1995. Phrasemes in Language and Phraseology in Linguistics. In Martin Everaert, Erik-Jan van der Linden, André Schenk & Rob Schreuder (eds.), ''Idioms: Structural and Psychological perspectives'', 167–232. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
* Mokienko, V.M. 1989. ''Slavjanskaya frazeologiya''. Moskva: Visshaya Shkola.
* Molotkov, A.I. 1977. ''Osnovi frazeologii russkogo jazika''. Leningrad: Nauka.
* Nazaryan, A.G. 1987. ''Frazeologiya sovremennogo frantsuzkogo jazika''. Moskva.
* Raichshtein, A.D. 1980. ''Sopostavitelniy analiz nemetskoy I russkoy frazeologii''. Moskva: Visshaya Shkola.
* Shanskiy, N.M. 1985. ''Frazeologiya sovremennogo russkogo yazika''. Moskva: Visshaya Shkola.
* Soloduho, E.M. 1982. ''Problemi internazional'noy frazeoologii''. Kazan’.
* Zhukov, V.P. 1978. ''Semantika frazeologicheskih oborotov''. Moskva: Prosveshenie.

== External links ==
* [http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/82/1008287/1008287a1.htm фразеология] – krugosvet.ru {{ru icon}}
* [http://www.europhras.org/ The European Society of Phraseology]
* [http://www.euralex.org/ The European Association for Lexicography]
* [http://phraseoseminar.slovo-spb.ru/ Phraseological seminar by Prof. V.M.Mokienko] {{ru icon}}
* [http://supermif.com/frazeologizm/fraz_golovna.html Interpretation of phraseology] {{ua icon}}

[[Category:Lexicology]]
[[Category:Rhetoric]]