Pauline epistles - Revision history

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External links

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	[[Category:Letters (message)]]		[[Category:Letters (message)]]
	[[Category:Canonical Epistles]]		[[Category:Canonical Epistles]]

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Lost Pauline Epistles

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	==Lost Pauline Epistles==		==Lost Pauline Epistles==
	* The first Epistle to Corinth<~~ref>Also called ''A Prior Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians''~~[~~http://www.icwseminary.org/lostbooks.htm] or ''Paul’s previous Corinthian letter''.[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/42], possibly [[Third Epistle to the Corinthians]~~]</~~ref~~> ''referenced at ~~{{bibleverse\|~~1\|Corinthians\|5:9}}		* The first Epistle to Corinth<sup[4]</sup> ''referenced at [1 Corinthians 5:9]]
	*The third Epistle to Corinth called [[Severe Letter]] ''referenced at ~~{{bibleverse\|~~2\|Corinthians\|2:4}} and {{bibleverse\|2\|Corinthians\|7:8-9}}		*The third Epistle to Corinth called [[Severe Letter]] ''referenced at [[2 Corinthians 2:4]] and bibleverse [[2 Corinthians 7]]:8-9
	* The Corinthian letter to Paul ''referenced at {{bibleverse\|1\|Corinthians\|7:1}}''		* The Corinthian letter to Paul ''referenced at bibleverse [[1 Corinthians 7:1]]''
	*The Earlier Epistle to the Ephesians ''referenced at {{bibleref\|Ephesians\|3:3-4}}''		*The Earlier Epistle to the Ephesians ''referenced at bibleref [[Ephesians 3:3]]-4''
	* The [[Epistle to the Laodiceans]]<~~ref>~~[~~http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/42 Apologetics Press - Are There Lost Books of the Bible?<!-- Bot generated title -->~~]</~~ref~~>''referenced at ~~{{bibleref\|Colossians\|4~~:16}}''		* The [[Epistle to the Laodiceans]]<sup[5]</sup>''referenced at [[Colossians4:16]]''

	== Non-canonical Pauline Epistles ==		== Non-canonical Pauline Epistles ==

Nick: /* Authenticity of the epistles */

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Authenticity of the epistles

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	*[[Ephesians]]		*[[Ephesians]]

	The letters on which modern scholars are about evenly divided are:<~~ref name="New Testament Letter Structure"~~/>		The letters on which modern scholars are about evenly divided are:<sup[3]</sup>

	*[[Colossians]]		*[[Colossians]]

Nick: /* Authenticity of the epistles */

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Authenticity of the epistles

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	*[[1 Thessalonians\|First Thessalonians]] (ca. 51 AD)		*[[1 Thessalonians\|First Thessalonians]] (ca. 51 AD)

	The letters thought to be [[pseudepigraphic]] by the majority of modern scholars include:<sup[]</sup>		The letters thought to be [[pseudepigraphic]] by the majority of modern scholars include:<sup[3]</sup>

	*[[Pastoral epistles]]		*[[Pastoral epistles]]

Nick: /* Authenticity of the epistles */

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Authenticity of the epistles

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	Several of the letters are thought by most modern scholars to be [[Pseudepigraphy\|pseudepigraphic]], that is, not actually written by Paul of Tarsus even if attributed to him within the letters themselves, or, arguably, even forgeries intended to justify certain later beliefs. Details of the arguments regarding this issue are addressed more specifically in the articles about each epistle.		Several of the letters are thought by most modern scholars to be [[Pseudepigraphy\|pseudepigraphic]], that is, not actually written by Paul of Tarsus even if attributed to him within the letters themselves, or, arguably, even forgeries intended to justify certain later beliefs. Details of the arguments regarding this issue are addressed more specifically in the articles about each epistle.

	These are the 7 letters (with consensus dates)<sup[]</sup> considered genuine by most scholars (see main article [[Authorship of the Pauline epistles]]: section [[Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles#The_undisputed_epistles\|The undisputed epistles]]):		These are the 7 letters (with consensus dates)<sup[2]</sup> considered genuine by most scholars (see main article [[Authorship of the Pauline epistles]]: section [[Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles#The_undisputed_epistles\|The undisputed epistles]]):

	*[[Epistle to the Romans\|Romans]] (ca. 55-58 AD)		*[[Epistle to the Romans\|Romans]] (ca. 55-58 AD)

Nick: /* The order of epistles */

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The order of epistles

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	In the order they appear in the [[New Testament]], the Pauline epistles are:		In the order they appear in the [[New Testament]], the Pauline epistles are:

	All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<sup[]</sup> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.		All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<sup[1]</sup> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.

	Formerly in many manuscripts of New Testament Epistle to the Hebrews was located between other Pauline epistles:		Formerly in many manuscripts of New Testament Epistle to the Hebrews was located between other Pauline epistles:

Nick: Protected "Pauline epistles" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2009-12-11T11:24:49Z

Protected "Pauline epistles" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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Nick: /* The order of epistles */

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The order of epistles

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	In the order they appear in the [[New Testament]], the Pauline epistles are:		In the order they appear in the [[New Testament]], the Pauline epistles are:

	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	~~! rowspan=2 \| Name<br />~~
	~~! rowspan=2 \| Greek<br />~~
	~~! rowspan=2 \| Latin<br />~~
	~~! colspan=3 \| Abbreviations~~
	\|-
	~~! Full~~
	~~! Min.~~

	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Epistle to the Romans\|Romans]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Ρωμαίους~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Romanos~~
	~~<td>Rom~~
	~~<td>Ro~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[1 Corinthians\|First Corinthians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Κορινθίους Α~~
	~~<td>Epistula I ad Corinthios~~
	~~<td>1 Cor~~
	~~<td>1C~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[2 Corinthians\|Second Corinthians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Κορινθίους Β~~
	~~<td>Epistula II ad Corinthios~~
	~~<td>2 Cor~~
	~~<td>2C~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Epistle to the Galatians\|Galatians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Γαλάτας~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Galatas~~
	~~<td>Gal~~
	~~<td>G~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Ephesians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Εφεσίους~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Ephesios~~
	~~<td>Eph~~
	~~<td>E~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Philippians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Φιλιππησίους~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Philippenses~~
	~~<td>Phil~~
	~~<td>Phi~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Colossians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Κολασσαείς~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Colossenses~~
	~~<td>Col~~
	~~<td>C~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[1 Thessalonians\|First Thessalonians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Θεσσαλονικείς Α~~
	~~<td>Epistula I ad Thessalonicenses~~
	~~<td>1 Thess~~
	~~<td>1Th~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[2 Thessalonians\|Second Thessalonians]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Θεσσαλονικείς Β~~
	~~<td>Epistula II ad Thessalonicenses~~
	~~<td>2 Thess~~
	~~<td>2Th~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[1 Timothy\|First Timothy]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Τιμόθεον Α~~
	~~<td>Epistula I ad Timotheum~~
	~~<td>1 Tim~~
	~~<td>1T~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[2 Timothy\|Second Timothy]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Τιμόθεον Β~~
	~~<td>Epistula II ad Timotheum~~
	~~<td>2 Tim~~
	~~<td>2T~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Epistle to Titus\|Titus]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Τίτον~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Titum~~
	~~<td>Tit~~
	~~<td>T~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>[[Epistle to Philemon\|Philemon]]~~
	~~<td>Προς Φιλήμονα~~
	~~<td>Epistula ad Philemonem~~
	~~<td>Philem~~
	~~<td>P~~
	~~</tr>~~
	\|}

	All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<sup[]</sup> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.		All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<sup[]</sup> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.

Nick at 11:23, 11 December 2009

2009-12-11T11:23:45Z

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	== The order of epistles ==		== The order of epistles ==

	In the order they appear in the New Testament, the Pauline epistles are:		In the order they appear in the [[New Testament]], the Pauline epistles are:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|}		\|}

	All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<~~ref>~~[~~[Joseph Barber Lightfoot]] in his ''Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians'' writes: "At this point [{{bibleverse\|\|Gal\|6:11}}] the apostle takes the pen from his [[amanuensis]~~], and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name ({{bibleverse\|2\|Thess\|2:2}}; {{bibleverse-nb\|2\|Thess\|3:17}}) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries… In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. ''pelikois grammasin''), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul."</~~ref~~> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.		All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<sup[]</sup> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews\|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.

	Formerly in many manuscripts of New Testament Epistle to the Hebrews was located between other Pauline epistles:		Formerly in many manuscripts of New Testament Epistle to the Hebrews was located between other Pauline epistles:
	* between ~~Rom~~ and 1 ~~Cor~~ in mss: [[Papyrus 46]] and in minuscules: [[Minuscule 103\|103]], [[Minuscule 455\|455]], 1961, 1964, 1977, 1994.		* between Romans and 1 Corinthians in mss: [[Papyrus 46]] and in minuscules: [[Minuscule 103\|103]], [[Minuscule 455\|455]], 1961, 1964, 1977, 1994.
	* between 2 ~~Cor~~ and ~~Gal~~ (minuscules 1930, 1978, and 2248)		* between 2 Corinthians and Galatians (minuscules 1930, 1978, and 2248)
	* between ~~Gal~~ and ~~Eph~~,		* between Galatians and Ephesians,
	* between [[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians\|2 Thessalonians]] and [[First Epistle to Timothy\|1 Timothy]]. This order used manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Alexandrinus]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]], [[Codex Ephraemi]], [[Codex Coislinianus\|H]], [[Codex Freerianus\|I]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A\|P]], [[Uncial 0150\|0150]], [[Uncial 0151\|0151]], and about 60 minuscule codices (e.g. [[Minuscule 218\|218]]).		* between [[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians\|2 Thessalonians]] and [[First Epistle to Timothy\|1 Timothy]]. This order used manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Alexandrinus]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]], [[Codex Ephraemi]], [[Codex Coislinianus\|H]], [[Codex Freerianus\|I]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A\|P]], [[Uncial 0150\|0150]], [[Uncial 0151\|0151]], and about 60 minuscule codices (e.g. [[Minuscule 218\|218]]).
	Now Hebrews is placed in the end. This order was used by the manuscripts:		Now Hebrews is placed in the end. This order was used by the manuscripts:
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	Several of the letters are thought by most modern scholars to be [[Pseudepigraphy\|pseudepigraphic]], that is, not actually written by Paul of Tarsus even if attributed to him within the letters themselves, or, arguably, even forgeries intended to justify certain later beliefs. Details of the arguments regarding this issue are addressed more specifically in the articles about each epistle.		Several of the letters are thought by most modern scholars to be [[Pseudepigraphy\|pseudepigraphic]], that is, not actually written by Paul of Tarsus even if attributed to him within the letters themselves, or, arguably, even forgeries intended to justify certain later beliefs. Details of the arguments regarding this issue are addressed more specifically in the articles about each epistle.

	These are the 7 letters (with consensus dates)<~~ref>Pheme Perkins,~~ [http://books.google.ca/books?id=UuwWpq9SznsC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Philemon+dating&source=bl&ots=3fP2qoyCoL&sig=L45iXK8Lcqb-oMpZlgL9Lhc4qUo&hl=en&ei=hjPSSazPM57yswOQgsHVAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPA4,M1 ''Reading the New Testament: An Introduction''] ~~(Paulist Press, 1988), pp. 4-7.~~</~~ref~~> considered genuine by most scholars (see main article [[Authorship of the Pauline epistles]]: section [[Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles#The_undisputed_epistles\|The undisputed epistles]]):		These are the 7 letters (with consensus dates)<sup[]</sup> considered genuine by most scholars (see main article [[Authorship of the Pauline epistles]]: section [[Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles#The_undisputed_epistles\|The undisputed epistles]]):

	*[[Epistle to the Romans\|Romans]] (ca. 55-58 AD)		*[[Epistle to the Romans\|Romans]] (ca. 55-58 AD)
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	*[[1 Thessalonians\|First Thessalonians]] (ca. 51 AD)		*[[1 Thessalonians\|First Thessalonians]] (ca. 51 AD)

	The letters thought to be [[pseudepigraphic]] by the majority of modern scholars include:<~~ref name="New Testament Letter Structure">~~[~~http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Paul-Disputed.htm New Testament Letter Structure], from [http://catholic-resources.org Catholic Resources~~] ~~by Felix Just, S.J.~~</~~ref~~>		The letters thought to be [[pseudepigraphic]] by the majority of modern scholars include:<sup[]</sup>

	*[[Pastoral epistles]]		*[[Pastoral epistles]]
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	==References==		==References==
			* 1. Joseph Barber Lightfoot in his Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians writes: "At this point [Gal 6:11] the apostle takes the pen from his amanuensis, and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (2 Thess 2:2; 3:17) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries… In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. pelikois grammasin), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul."
			* 2. Pheme Perkins, Reading the New Testament: An Introduction (Paulist Press, 1988), pp. 4-7.
			* 3. New Testament Letter Structure, from Catholic Resources by Felix Just, S.J.
			* 4. Also called A Prior Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians[1] or Paul’s previous Corinthian letter.[2], possibly Third Epistle to the Corinthians
			* 5. Apologetics Press - Are There Lost Books of the Bible?

	==Bibliographic Resources==		==Bibliographic Resources==

Nick: New page: The '''Pauline epistles''', '''Epistles of Paul''', or '''Letters of Paul''', are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul (Παῦλος) as the first word, hence cla...

2009-12-11T11:20:42Z

New page: The '''Pauline epistles''', '''Epistles of Paul''', or '''Letters of Paul''', are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul (Παῦλος) as the first word, hence cla...

New page

The '''Pauline epistles''', '''Epistles of Paul''', or '''Letters of Paul''', are the thirteen [[New Testament]] books which have the name Paul (Παῦλος) as the first word, hence claiming authorship by [[Paul the Apostle]]. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of [[Early Christianity]] and, as part of the [[Biblical canon|canon]] of the New Testament, they have also been, and continue to be, foundational to [[Christian theology]] and [[Christian ethics]]. Usually they are placed between the [[Book of Acts]] and the [[Catholic epistles]]. In minuscules [[Minuscule 175|175]], [[Minuscule 325|325]], [[Minuscule 336|336]], and 1424 the Pauline epistles are placed at the end of New Testament.

== The order of epistles ==

In the order they appear in the New Testament, the Pauline epistles are:

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=2 | Name<br />
! rowspan=2 | Greek<br />
! rowspan=2 | Latin<br />
! colspan=3 | Abbreviations
|-
! Full
! Min.

<tr>
<td>[[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]]
<td>Προς Ρωμαίους
<td>Epistula ad Romanos
<td>Rom
<td>Ro
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[1 Corinthians|First Corinthians]]
<td>Προς Κορινθίους Α
<td>Epistula I ad Corinthios
<td>1 Cor
<td>1C
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[2 Corinthians|Second Corinthians]]
<td>Προς Κορινθίους Β
<td>Epistula II ad Corinthios
<td>2 Cor
<td>2C
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]]
<td>Προς Γαλάτας
<td>Epistula ad Galatas
<td>Gal
<td>G
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Ephesians]]
<td>Προς Εφεσίους
<td>Epistula ad Ephesios
<td>Eph
<td>E
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Philippians]]
<td>Προς Φιλιππησίους
<td>Epistula ad Philippenses
<td>Phil
<td>Phi
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Colossians]]
<td>Προς Κολασσαείς
<td>Epistula ad Colossenses
<td>Col
<td>C
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[1 Thessalonians|First Thessalonians]]
<td>Προς Θεσσαλονικείς Α
<td>Epistula I ad Thessalonicenses
<td>1 Thess
<td>1Th
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[2 Thessalonians|Second Thessalonians]]
<td>Προς Θεσσαλονικείς Β
<td>Epistula II ad Thessalonicenses
<td>2 Thess
<td>2Th
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[1 Timothy|First Timothy]]
<td>Προς Τιμόθεον Α
<td>Epistula I ad Timotheum
<td>1 Tim
<td>1T
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[2 Timothy|Second Timothy]]
<td>Προς Τιμόθεον Β
<td>Epistula II ad Timotheum
<td>2 Tim
<td>2T
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Epistle to Titus|Titus]]
<td>Προς Τίτον
<td>Epistula ad Titum
<td>Tit
<td>T
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Epistle to Philemon|Philemon]]
<td>Προς Φιλήμονα
<td>Epistula ad Philemonem
<td>Philem
<td>P
</tr>
|}

All of these epistles present Paul as the author.<ref>[[Joseph Barber Lightfoot]] in his ''Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians'' writes: "At this point [{{bibleverse||Gal|6:11}}] the apostle takes the pen from his [[amanuensis]], and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name ({{bibleverse|2|Thess|2:2}}; {{bibleverse-nb|2|Thess|3:17}}) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries… In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. ''pelikois grammasin''), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul."</ref> Some classifications do include [[epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]], being anonymous, as a Pauline epistle instead of listing it with the [[general epistles]], but authorship of [[epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]] (as Paul's) was disputed from the earliest, and no modern scholars attribute it to Paul.

Formerly in many manuscripts of New Testament Epistle to the Hebrews was located between other Pauline epistles:
* between Rom and 1 Cor in mss: [[Papyrus 46]] and in minuscules: [[Minuscule 103|103]], [[Minuscule 455|455]], 1961, 1964, 1977, 1994.
* between 2 Cor and Gal (minuscules 1930, 1978, and 2248)
* between Gal and Eph,
* between [[Second Epistle to the Thessalonians|2 Thessalonians]] and [[First Epistle to Timothy|1 Timothy]]. This order used manuscripts: [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Alexandrinus]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209]], [[Codex Ephraemi]], [[Codex Coislinianus|H]], [[Codex Freerianus|I]], [[Codex Guelferbytanus A|P]], [[Uncial 0150|0150]], [[Uncial 0151|0151]], and about 60 minuscule codices (e.g. [[Minuscule 218|218]]).
Now Hebrews is placed in the end. This order was used by the manuscripts:
[[Codex Bezae]], [[Codex Vaticanus 2061|Uncial 048]], [[Codex Laudianus|E]], [[Codex Mosquensis I|K]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]] and majority of minuscules.

== Religious classification of the epistles ==

The Pauline epistles are also noteworthy for the personal relationships they mention. Paul greets many individuals by name, often giving details about the value of these friendships and the encouragement they gave him.

== Authenticity of the epistles ==
:''Main article [[Authorship of the Pauline epistles]]''.
Several of the letters are thought by most modern scholars to be [[Pseudepigraphy|pseudepigraphic]], that is, not actually written by Paul of Tarsus even if attributed to him within the letters themselves, or, arguably, even forgeries intended to justify certain later beliefs. Details of the arguments regarding this issue are addressed more specifically in the articles about each epistle.

These are the 7 letters (with consensus dates)<ref>Pheme Perkins, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=UuwWpq9SznsC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Philemon+dating&source=bl&ots=3fP2qoyCoL&sig=L45iXK8Lcqb-oMpZlgL9Lhc4qUo&hl=en&ei=hjPSSazPM57yswOQgsHVAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPA4,M1 ''Reading the New Testament: An Introduction''] (Paulist Press, 1988), pp. 4-7.</ref> considered genuine by most scholars (see main article [[Authorship of the Pauline epistles]]: section [[Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles#The_undisputed_epistles|The undisputed epistles]]):

*[[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] (ca. 55-58 AD)
*[[Philippians]] (ca. 52-54 AD)
*[[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]] (ca. 55 AD)
*[[Epistle to Philemon|Philemon]] (ca. 52-54 AD)
*[[1 Corinthians|First Corinthians]] (ca. 53-54 AD)
*[[2 Corinthians|Second Corinthians]] (ca. 55-56 AD)
*[[1 Thessalonians|First Thessalonians]] (ca. 51 AD)

The letters thought to be [[pseudepigraphic]] by the majority of modern scholars include:<ref name="New Testament Letter Structure">[http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Paul-Disputed.htm New Testament Letter Structure], from [http://catholic-resources.org Catholic Resources] by Felix Just, S.J.</ref>

*[[Pastoral epistles]]
**[[1 Timothy|First Timothy]]
**[[2 Timothy|Second Timothy]]
**[[Epistle to Titus|Titus]]
*[[Ephesians]]

The letters on which modern scholars are about evenly divided are:<ref name="New Testament Letter Structure"/>

*[[Colossians]]
*[[2 Thessalonians|Second Thessalonians]]

An anonymous letter that nearly all modern scholars agree was probably not written by Paul is:

*[[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]]

==Lost Pauline Epistles==
* The first Epistle to Corinth<ref>Also called ''A Prior Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians''[http://www.icwseminary.org/lostbooks.htm] or ''Paul’s previous Corinthian letter''.[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/42], possibly [[Third Epistle to the Corinthians]]</ref> ''referenced at {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|5:9}}
*The third Epistle to Corinth called [[Severe Letter]] ''referenced at {{bibleverse|2|Corinthians|2:4}} and {{bibleverse|2|Corinthians|7:8-9}}
* The Corinthian letter to Paul ''referenced at {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|7:1}}''
*The Earlier Epistle to the Ephesians ''referenced at {{bibleref|Ephesians|3:3-4}}''
* The [[Epistle to the Laodiceans]]<ref>[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/42 Apologetics Press - Are There Lost Books of the Bible?]</ref>''referenced at {{bibleref|Colossians|4:16}}''

== Non-canonical Pauline Epistles ==
Several non-canonical epistles exist claiming or having been claimed to have been written by Paul. Most, if not all, scholars reject their authenticity. They include
* [[Third Epistle to the Corinthians]] (canonical for a time in the [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Orthodox]])
* [[Epistle to the Laodiceans]] (found in [[Codex Fuldensis]])
* [[Epistle of the Corinthians to Paul]] (addressed to Paul, not written by him)
* [[Epistle to the Alexandrians]]

Texts also exist which, whilst not strictly epistles, nevertheless claim to have been written by (or about) Paul. These include
*[[Acts of Paul and Thecla]]
*[[Acts of Peter and Paul]]
*[[Apocalypse of Paul]]
*[[Coptic Apocalypse of Paul]]
*[[Prayer of the Apostle Paul]]
*[[Epistle to Seneca the Younger]]

Some have also postulated the existence of a third epistle to the Thessalonians (second chronologically) forged in Paul's name, citing 2 Th 2:1-2, 3:17 as evidence; that hypothesis, though, has not gained mainstream acceptance.

==References==

==Bibliographic Resources==
*Aland, Kurt. “The Problem of Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Christian Literature of the First Two Centuries.” ''Journal of Theological Studies'' 12 (1961): 39-49.
*Bahr, Gordon J. “Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century.” ''Catholic Biblical Quarterly'' 28 (1966): 465-77. idem, “The Subscriptions in the Pauline Letters.” ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' 2 (1968): 27-41.
*Bauckham, Richard J. “Pseudo-Apostolic Letters.” ''Journal of Biblical Literature'' 107 (1988): 469-94.
*Carson, D.A. “Pseudonymity and Pseudepigraphy.” ''Dictionary of New Testament Background''. Eds. Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2000. 857-64.
*Cousar, Charles B. ''The Letters of Paul''. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, 1996.
*Deissmann, G. Adolf. ''Bible Studies''. Trans. Alexander Grieve. 1901. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1988.
*Doty, William G. ''Letters in Primitive Christianity''. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. New Testament. Ed. Dan O. Via, Jr. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.
*Gamble, Harry Y. “Amanuensis.” ''Anchor Bible Dictionary''. Vol. 1. Ed. David Noel Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
*Haines-Eitzen, Kim. “‘Girls Trained in Beautiful Writing’: Female Scribes in Roman Antiquity and Early Christianity.” ''Journal of Early Christian Studies'' 6.4 (1998): 629-46.
*Longenecker, Richard N. “Ancient Amanuenses and the Pauline Epistles.” ''New Dimensions in New Testament Study''. Eds. Richard N. Longenecker and [[Merrill C. Tenney]]. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1974. 281-97. idem, “On the Form, Function, and Authority of the New Testament Letters.” ''Scripture and Truth''. Eds. D.A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983. 101-14.
*Murphy-O’Connor, Jerome. ''Paul the Letter-Writer: His World, His Options, His Skills''. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1995.
*Richards, E. Randolph. ''The Secretary in the Letters of Paul''. Tübingen: Mohr, 1991. idem, “The Codex and the Early Collection of Paul’s Letters.” ''Bulletin for Bulletin Research'' 8 (1998): 151-66. idem, ''Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition, and Collection''. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2004.
*Robson, E. Iliff. “Composition and Dictation in New Testament Books.” ''Journal of Theological Studies'' 18 (1917): 288-301.
*Stowers, Stanley K. ''Letter Writing in Greco-Roman Antiquity''. Library of Early Christianity. Vol. 8. Ed. Wayne A. Meeks. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1989.
*Wall, Robert W. “Introduction to Epistolary Literature.” ''New Interpreter’s Bible''. Vol. 10. Ed. Leander E. Keck. Nashville: Abingdon, 2002. 369-91.

==External links==
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/origin_nt.v.i.html The Marcionite Prologues to the Pauline Epistles]

[[Category:Apostle Paul]]
[[Category:Letters (message)]]
[[Category:Canonical Epistles]]