Old Norse - Revision history

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	* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\ier\grm&limit=-1 Old Norse basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]		* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\ier\grm&limit=-1 Old Norse basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]

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	[[Category:Medieval languages\|Norse language, Old]]		[[Category:Medieval languages\|Norse language, Old]]

Nick at 04:26, 22 November 2014

2014-11-22T04:26:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:26, 22 November 2014
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	=== Dictionaries ===		=== Dictionaries ===
	* ''An Icelandic–English Dictionary'' (1874), [[Richard Cleasby]] and [[Gudbrand Vigfusson]]. @ [http://www.archive.org/stream/icelandicenglish00cleauoft#page/n0/mode/2up Internet Archive], [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html Germanic Lexicon Project] (HTML, PNG, TIFF)		* ''An Icelandic–English Dictionary'' (1874), [[Richard Cleasby]] and [[Gudbrand Vigfusson]]. @ [http://www.archive.org/stream/icelandicenglish00cleauoft#page/n0/mode/2up Internet Archive], [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html Germanic Lexicon Project] (HTML, PNG, TIFF)
	* G. T. Zoëga, ''A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic'' (1910) [http://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html], [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_zoega_about.html Univerzita Karlova - UK] ~~{{cs icon}}~~		* G. T. Zoëga, ''A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic'' (1910) [http://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html], [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_zoega_about.html Univerzita Karlova - UK]
	* [http://dataonp.hum.ku.dk/index_e.html "Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog – A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose."] Copenhagen 1989–. (Scientific dictionary yet to be completed. Edited volumes 1–3, word-list, Indices and all the dictionary's unedited slips/citations (en-ǫ) available on-line. ~~{{da icon}} and {{en icon}})~~		* [http://dataonp.hum.ku.dk/index_e.html "Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog – A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose."] Copenhagen 1989–. (Scientific dictionary yet to be completed. Edited volumes 1–3, word-list, Indices and all the dictionary's unedited slips/citations (en-ǫ) available on-line.
	* Jan de Vries, ''Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch'' (1977)		* Jan de Vries, ''Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch'' (1977)
	* Finnur Jónsson, ''Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis'' (1931): a dictionary of Old Norse poetry [http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/], [https://notendur.hi.is//~eybjorn/ugm/lp/index.html]		* Finnur Jónsson, ''Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis'' (1931): a dictionary of Old Norse poetry [http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/], [https://notendur.hi.is//~eybjorn/ugm/lp/index.html]
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	== Notes ==		== Notes ==
	~~{{Reflist\|2}}~~
	~~'''Cleasby-Vigfússon:'''~~
	~~{{Reflist\|group="V"}}~~

	== References ==		== References ==
	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]
	* Cleasby, Richard. Vigfússon, Guðbrandur. ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1874). @: [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html Germanic Lexicon Project] (images, text). [http://books.google.com/books?id=B08JAAAAQAAJ Google Books] (images)		* Cleasby, Richard. Vigfússon, Guðbrandur. ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1874). @: [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html Germanic Lexicon Project] (images, text). [http://books.google.com/books?id=B08JAAAAQAAJ Google Books] (images)
	~~{{Refend}}~~
	* [http://runeberg.org/gutasaga/ Gutasagan], Lars Aronsson, ed. [[Project Runeberg]] (1997), [http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/Gutasagan.html Facing Text Translation by Peter Tunstall]		* [http://runeberg.org/gutasaga/ Gutasagan], Lars Aronsson, ed. [[Project Runeberg]] (1997), [http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/Gutasagan.html Facing Text Translation by Peter Tunstall]
	* Harbert, Wayne. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=npySdp6EI30C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Germanic Languages]''. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]] (2007)		* Harbert, Wayne. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=npySdp6EI30C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Germanic Languages]''. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]] (2007)
	* Haugan, Jens. ''Right Dislocated 'Subjects' in Old Norse'' (Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax Number 62. 1998) ~~{{cite web\|url=http://norms.uit.no/wpss/vol.php?volume=62 \|title=WPSS \|publisher=Norms.uit.no \|accessdate=2010-05-02}}~~		* Haugan, Jens. ''Right Dislocated 'Subjects' in Old Norse'' (Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax Number 62. 1998)
	* {{cite journal\|first=Einar \|last=Haugen \| year=1950 \|title=First Grammatical Treatise. The Earliest Germanic Phonology \|journal=Language \|volume=26 \|pages=4–64 \|issue=4 \|doi=10.2307/522272}}
	* Iversen, Ragnvald. ''Norrøn Grammatikk'', Aschehoug & Co., Oslo 1961.		* Iversen, Ragnvald. ''Norrøn Grammatikk'', Aschehoug & Co., Oslo 1961.
	* Lass, Roger. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PhzIWORqgVgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1993)		* Lass, Roger. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PhzIWORqgVgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1993)
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Main_Page Heimskringla.no], an online collection of Old Norse source material		* [http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Main_Page Heimskringla.no], an online collection of Old Norse source material
	* [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/language_resources.html Indo-European Language Resources] The resources in question are mostly Germanic, including two dictionaries of Old Icelandic ~~{{en icon}}~~, two grammars of Old Icelandic (one in English, one in German) and a grammar of Old Swedish ~~{{de icon}}~~.		* [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/language_resources.html Indo-European Language Resources] The resources in question are mostly Germanic, including two dictionaries of Old Icelandic, two grammars of Old Icelandic (one in English, one in German) and a grammar of Old Swedish.
	* [http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/index.php An English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions of the Younger Futhark, at the university of Nottingham]		* [http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/index.php An English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions of the Younger Futhark, at the university of Nottingham]
	* [http://www.hi.is/~haukurth/norse/ Old Norse for Beginners]		* [http://www.hi.is/~haukurth/norse/ Old Norse for Beginners]

Nick at 04:25, 22 November 2014

2014-11-22T04:25:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:25, 22 November 2014
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	~~==External Links==~~		'''Old Norse''' is a [[North Germanic languages\|North Germanic language]] that was spoken by inhabitants of [[Scandinavia]] and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the [[Viking Age]], until about 1300.

			The [[Proto-Norse language]] developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century.<sup>[]</sup>

			Old Norse was divided into three [[dialect]]s: Old East Norse, Old West Norse, and [[Old Gutnish]]. Old West and East Norse formed a [[dialect continuum]], with no clear geographical boundary between them. For example, Old East Norse traits were found in eastern [[Norway]], although Old Norwegian is classified as Old West Norse, and Old West Norse traits were found in western [[Sweden]]. Most speakers spoke Old East Norse in what is present day [[Denmark]] and Sweden. Old Gutnish, the more obscure dialectal branch, is sometimes included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. It developed its own unique features and shared in changes to both other branches.

			The 12th-century Icelandic ''[[Gray Goose Laws]]'' state that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes spoke the same language, ''dǫnsk tunga'' ("Danish tongue"; speakers of Old East Norse would have said ''dansk tunga''). Another commonly used term with reference to West Norse, was ''norrœnt mál'' ("Nordic speech"). Today Old Norse has developed into the modern North Germanic languages ([[Icelandic language\|Icelandic]], [[Faroese language\|Faroese]], [[Norwegian language\|Norwegian]], [[Danish language\|Danish]] and [[Swedish language\|Swedish]]), which retain considerable [[mutual intelligibility]].

			In some instances the term ''Old Norse'' refers specifically to Old West Norse.<sup>[]</sup>


			== See also ==

			*[[Old Norse orthography]] — The spelling of the language.
			*[[Old Norse morphology]] — The grammar of the language.
			*[[Proto-Norse language]] — The Scandinavian dialect of Proto-Germanic that developed into Old Norse.
			*[[An Introduction to Old Norse]] — A common textbook on the language.
			*[[List of English words of Old Norse origin]]
			*[[Old Norse poetry]]
			*[[Germanic a-mutation]]

			=== Dialectal information ===
			*[[Old Swedish]]
			*[[History of Danish]]
			*[[Greenlandic Norse]]
			*[[Old Gutnish]]
			*[[History of Icelandic]]
			*[[Old Norwegian]]

			== Literature ==

			=== Introductions ===
			* Torp, Arne, Lars S. Vikør (1993), Hovuddrag i norsk språkhistorie (3.utgåve), Gyldendal Norsk Forlag AS 2003

			=== Dictionaries ===
			* ''An Icelandic–English Dictionary'' (1874), [[Richard Cleasby]] and [[Gudbrand Vigfusson]]. @ [http://www.archive.org/stream/icelandicenglish00cleauoft#page/n0/mode/2up Internet Archive], [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html Germanic Lexicon Project] (HTML, PNG, TIFF)
			* G. T. Zoëga, ''A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic'' (1910) [http://norse.ulver.com/dct/zoega/index.html], [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_zoega_about.html Univerzita Karlova - UK] {{cs icon}}
			* [http://dataonp.hum.ku.dk/index_e.html "Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog – A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose."] Copenhagen 1989–. (Scientific dictionary yet to be completed. Edited volumes 1–3, word-list, Indices and all the dictionary's unedited slips/citations (en-ǫ) available on-line. {{da icon}} and {{en icon}})
			* Jan de Vries, ''Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch'' (1977)
			* Finnur Jónsson, ''Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis'' (1931): a dictionary of Old Norse poetry [http://www.septentrionalia.net/etexts/], [https://notendur.hi.is//~eybjorn/ugm/lp/index.html]

			=== Grammars ===
			* Bayldon, George. ''An Elementary Grammar of the Old Norse or Icelandic Language'' [[London]]: [[Williams and Norgate]], 1870.
			* Faarlund, Jan Terje. ''The Syntax of Old Norse'' [[New York]]: [[Oxford University Press]], (2004).

			== Notes ==
			{{Reflist\|2}}
			'''Cleasby-Vigfússon:'''
			{{Reflist\|group="V"}}

			== References ==
	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]
			* Cleasby, Richard. Vigfússon, Guðbrandur. ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1874). @: [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html Germanic Lexicon Project] (images, text). [http://books.google.com/books?id=B08JAAAAQAAJ Google Books] (images)
			{{Refend}}
			* [http://runeberg.org/gutasaga/ Gutasagan], Lars Aronsson, ed. [[Project Runeberg]] (1997), [http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/Gutasagan.html Facing Text Translation by Peter Tunstall]
			* Harbert, Wayne. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=npySdp6EI30C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Germanic Languages]''. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]] (2007)
			* Haugan, Jens. ''Right Dislocated 'Subjects' in Old Norse'' (Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax Number 62. 1998) {{cite web\|url=http://norms.uit.no/wpss/vol.php?volume=62 \|title=WPSS \|publisher=Norms.uit.no \|accessdate=2010-05-02}}
			* {{cite journal\|first=Einar \|last=Haugen \| year=1950 \|title=First Grammatical Treatise. The Earliest Germanic Phonology \|journal=Language \|volume=26 \|pages=4–64 \|issue=4 \|doi=10.2307/522272}}
			* Iversen, Ragnvald. ''Norrøn Grammatikk'', Aschehoug & Co., Oslo 1961.
			* Lass, Roger. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PhzIWORqgVgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1993)

			==External links==
			* [http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Main_Page Heimskringla.no], an online collection of Old Norse source material
			* [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/language_resources.html Indo-European Language Resources] The resources in question are mostly Germanic, including two dictionaries of Old Icelandic {{en icon}}, two grammars of Old Icelandic (one in English, one in German) and a grammar of Old Swedish {{de icon}}.
			* [http://runicdictionary.nottingham.ac.uk/index.php An English Dictionary of Runic Inscriptions of the Younger Futhark, at the university of Nottingham]
			* [http://www.hi.is/~haukurth/norse/ Old Norse for Beginners]
			* [http://www.vikingnorse.com/ Viking Language - Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas]
			* [http://www.hi.is/~haukurth/norse/sounds/ragn1_2b.mp3 Old Norse sound sample]
			* [http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/norol-0-X.html Old Norse Online], by Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum from the Linguistics Research Center, [[University of Texas at Austin]].
			* [http://www.verbix.com/languages/oldnorse.shtml Old Norse conjugator] at Verbix.com
			* [http://germanic.eu/ON-Engloans.htm Old Norse loans in Old and Middle English, and their legacy in the dialects of England and modern standard English]
			* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\ier\grm&limit=-1 Old Norse basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]


			[[Category:Medieval languages\|Norse language, Old]]
			[[Category:North Germanic languages]]
			[[Category:Old Norse language]]
			[[Category:Viking Age]]

Nick: New page: ==External Links== * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]

2014-11-22T04:22:33Z

New page: ==External Links== * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]

New page

==External Links==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse Wikipedia Article on Old Norse]