Nevi'im - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* See also */

2016-03-11T12:23:53Z

Nick: /* I. Joshua */

2011-04-11T14:16:46Z

I. Joshua

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	The book essentially consists of three parts:		The book essentially consists of three parts:

	# The history of the conquest of the land (1-12).		# The history of the conquest of the land ([[Joshua 1\|1]]-[[Joshua 12\|12]]).
	# The allotment of the land to the different tribes, with the appointment of cities of refuge, the provision for the Levites (13-22), and the dismissal of the eastern tribes to their homes.		# The allotment of the land to the different tribes, with the appointment of cities of refuge, the provision for the Levites ([[Joshua 13\|13]]-[[Joshua 22\|22]]), and the dismissal of the eastern tribes to their homes.
	# The farewell addresses of Joshua, with an account of his death (23, 24).		# The farewell addresses of Joshua, with an account of his death ([[Joshua 23\|23]], [[Joshua 24\|24]]).

	====II. Judges====		====II. Judges====

Nick: /* Liturgical Use: The Haftarah */

2011-04-11T14:14:48Z

Liturgical Use: The Haftarah

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	There is a special [[cantillation]] melody for the haftarah, distinct from that of the Torah portion. In some earlier authorities there are references to a tune for the "prophets" generally, distinct from that for the haftarah: this may have been a simplified melody for learning purposes.		There is a special [[cantillation]] melody for the haftarah, distinct from that of the Torah portion. In some earlier authorities there are references to a tune for the "prophets" generally, distinct from that for the haftarah: this may have been a simplified melody for learning purposes.

	Certain [[cantillation]] marks and combinations appear in Nevi'im but not within any of the Haftarah selections, and most communities therefore do not have a musical tradition for those marks. J.L. Neeman suggested that "those who recite Nevi'im privately with the cantillation melody may read the words accented by those rare notes by using a "metaphor" based on the melody of those notes in the five books of the Torah, while adhering to the musical scale of the melody for Nevi'im." Neeman includes a reconstruction of the musical scale for the lost melodies of the rare [[cantillation]] notes.<~~ref~~>~~Neeman, J.L. ''The Tunes of the Bible - Musical Principles of the Biblical Accentuation'', Tel Aviv, 1955 (Hebrew). Vol. 1, pp. 136, 188-189.~~</~~ref~~> In the Ashkenazi tradition, the resemblance between the Torah and Haftarah melodies is obvious and it is easy to transpose motifs between the two as suggested by Neeman. In the Sephardi traditions the haftarah melody is considerably more florid than the Torah melody, and usually in a different musical mode, and there are only isolated points of contact between the two.		Certain [[cantillation]] marks and combinations appear in Nevi'im but not within any of the Haftarah selections, and most communities therefore do not have a musical tradition for those marks. J.L. Neeman suggested that "those who recite Nevi'im privately with the cantillation melody may read the words accented by those rare notes by using a "metaphor" based on the melody of those notes in the five books of the Torah, while adhering to the musical scale of the melody for Nevi'im." Neeman includes a reconstruction of the musical scale for the lost melodies of the rare [[cantillation]] notes.<sup>[]</sup> In the Ashkenazi tradition, the resemblance between the Torah and Haftarah melodies is obvious and it is easy to transpose motifs between the two as suggested by Neeman. In the Sephardi traditions the haftarah melody is considerably more florid than the Torah melody, and usually in a different musical mode, and there are only isolated points of contact between the two.

	==Aramaic translation of Nevi'im==		==Aramaic translation of Nevi'im==

Nick: /* VII. Ezekiel */

2011-04-11T14:13:31Z

VII. Ezekiel

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	====VII. Ezekiel====		====VII. Ezekiel====
	The [[Book of Ezekiel]] (''Yehezq'el'' [יחזקאל]) contains three distinct sections.		The [[Book of Ezekiel]] (''Yehezq'el'' [יחזקאל]) contains three distinct sections.
	# Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Judeans ([[Ezekiel 3:22]]-[[Ezekiel 3:24\|24]]), warning them of the certain destruction of [[Jerusalem]], in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, [[Exodus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; [[Deuteronomy]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; [[Leviticus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8])		# Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Judeans ([[Ezekiel 3:22\|3:22]]-[[Ezekiel 3:24\|24]]), warning them of the certain destruction of [[Jerusalem]], in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, [[Exodus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; [[Deuteronomy]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; [[Leviticus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8])
	# Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the [[Ammon]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the [[Moab]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 25:8-11]), the [[Edom]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 25:12-14]), the [[Philistines]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 25:15-17]), [[Tyre (Lebanon)\|Tyre]] and [[Sidon]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against [[Egypt]] ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]).		# Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the [[Ammon]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the [[Moab]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 25:8-11]), the [[Edom]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 25:12-14]), the [[Philistines]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 25:15-17]), [[Tyre (Lebanon)\|Tyre]] and [[Sidon]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against [[Egypt]] ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]).
	# Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40-48]).		# Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40-48]).

Nick: /* VII. Ezekiel */

2011-04-11T14:13:10Z

VII. Ezekiel

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	====VII. Ezekiel====		====VII. Ezekiel====
	The [[Book of Ezekiel]] (''Yehezq'el'' [יחזקאל]) contains three distinct sections.		The [[Book of Ezekiel]] (''Yehezq'el'' [יחזקאל]) contains three distinct sections.
	# Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Judeans ( [~~http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%203~~:22-~~24;&version=49;~~ 3:~~22-~~24]), warning them of the certain destruction of [[Jerusalem]], in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, [[Exodus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; [[Deuteronomy]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; [[Leviticus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8])		# Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Judeans ([[Ezekiel 3:22]]-[[Ezekiel 3:24\|24]]), warning them of the certain destruction of [[Jerusalem]], in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, [[Exodus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; [[Deuteronomy]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; [[Leviticus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8])
	# Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the [[Ammon]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the [[Moab]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 25:8-11]), the [[Edom]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 25:12-14]), the [[Philistines]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 25:15-17]), [[Tyre (Lebanon)\|Tyre]] and [[Sidon]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against [[Egypt]] ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]).		# Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the [[Ammon]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the [[Moab]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 25:8-11]), the [[Edom]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 25:12-14]), the [[Philistines]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 25:15-17]), [[Tyre (Lebanon)\|Tyre]] and [[Sidon]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against [[Egypt]] ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]).
	# Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40-48]).		# Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40-48]).

Nick at 14:09, 11 April 2011

2011-04-11T14:09:57Z

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			'''''Nevi'im''''' (נְבִיאִים, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the [[Hebrew Bible]], the ''[[Tanakh]]'', between the ''[[Torah]]'' (teachings) and ''[[Ketuvim]]'' (writings).
	'''''Nevi'im''''' (נְבִיאִים, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the [[Hebrew Bible]], the ''[[Tanakh]]'', between the ''[[Torah]]'' {teachings) and ''[[Ketuvim]]'' (writings).

	''Nevi'im'' is traditionally divided into two parts:		''Nevi'im'' is traditionally divided into two parts:
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	*[[Cantillation]]		*[[Cantillation]]
	*[[Codex Cairensis]]		*[[Codex Cairensis]]

	~~{{Jews and Judaism}}~~

Nick: Protected "Nevi'im" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2010-12-25T00:04:00Z

Protected "Nevi'im" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:04, 25 December 2010
(No difference)

Nick at 00:03, 25 December 2010

2010-12-25T00:03:36Z

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	~~{{for\|a more general definition\|Prophet}}~~
	~~{{Jews and Judaism sidebar\|texts}}~~		'''''Nevi'im''''' (נְבִיאִים, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the [[Hebrew Bible]], the ''[[Tanakh]]'', between the ''[[Torah]]'' {teachings) and ''[[Ketuvim]]'' (writings).
	'''''Nevi'im''''' (~~{{lang-he\|~~נְבִיאִים}}, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the [[Hebrew Bible]], the ''[[Tanakh]]'', between the ''[[Torah]]'' {teachings) and ''[[Ketuvim]]'' (writings).
	~~{{Books of Nevi'im}}~~

	''Nevi'im'' is traditionally divided into two parts:		''Nevi'im'' is traditionally divided into two parts:
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	===Latter Prophets===		===Latter Prophets===
	====V. Isaiah====		====V. Isaiah====
	~~{{BibleRelated}}~~
	The 66 chapters of [[Book of Isaiah\|Isaiah]] (''Yeshayahu'' [ישעיהו]) consist primarily of prophecies of the judgments awaiting nations that are persecuting [[Kingdom of Judah\|Judah]]. These nations include [[Babylon]], [[Assyria]], [[Philistia]], [[Moab]], [[Syria]], [[Israel]] (the northern kingdom), [[Ethiopia]], [[Egypt]], [[Arabia]], and [[Phoenicia]]. The prophecies concerning them can be summarized as saying that [[Tetragrammaton\|God]] is the God of the whole earth, and that nations which think of themselves as secure in their own power might well be conquered by other nations, at God's command.		The 66 chapters of [[Book of Isaiah\|Isaiah]] (''Yeshayahu'' [ישעיהו]) consist primarily of prophecies of the judgments awaiting nations that are persecuting [[Kingdom of Judah\|Judah]]. These nations include [[Babylon]], [[Assyria]], [[Philistia]], [[Moab]], [[Syria]], [[Israel]] (the northern kingdom), [[Ethiopia]], [[Egypt]], [[Arabia]], and [[Phoenicia]]. The prophecies concerning them can be summarized as saying that [[Tetragrammaton\|God]] is the God of the whole earth, and that nations which think of themselves as secure in their own power might well be conquered by other nations, at God's command.

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	==Liturgical Use: The Haftarah==		==Liturgical Use: The Haftarah==
	~~{{main\|~~Haftarah}}
			* See Also ''[[Haftarah]]''

	The [[Haftarah]] is a text selected from the books of ''Nevi'im'' that is read publicly in the synagogue after the reading of the Torah on each Sabbath, as well as on Jewish festivals and fast days.		The [[Haftarah]] is a text selected from the books of ''Nevi'im'' that is read publicly in the synagogue after the reading of the Torah on each Sabbath, as well as on Jewish festivals and fast days.

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	==References==		==References==
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	==See also==		==See also==

Nick: New page: {{for|a more general definition|Prophet}} {{Jews and Judaism sidebar|texts}} '''''Nevi'im''''' ({{lang-he|נְבִיאִים}}, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the...

2009-05-29T08:49:40Z

New page: {{for|a more general definition|Prophet}} {{Jews and Judaism sidebar|texts}} '''''Nevi'im''''' ({{lang-he|נְבִיאִים}}, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the...

New page

{{for|a more general definition|Prophet}}
{{Jews and Judaism sidebar|texts}}
'''''Nevi'im''''' ({{lang-he|נְבִיאִים}}, "Prophets") is the second of the three major sections in the [[Hebrew Bible]], the ''[[Tanakh]]'', between the ''[[Torah]]'' {teachings) and ''[[Ketuvim]]'' (writings).
{{Books of Nevi'im}}

''Nevi'im'' is traditionally divided into two parts:
*Former Prophets or ''Nevi'im Rishonim'' [נביאים ראשונים], which contains the [[narrative]] books of Joshua through Kings.
*Latter Prophets or ''Nevi'im Aharonim'' [נביאים אחרונים], which mostly contains prophecies in the form of [[biblical poetry]].

In the Jewish tradition, ''[[Books of Samuel|Samuel]]'' and ''[[Books of Kings|Kings]]'' are each counted as one book. In addition, twelve relatively short prophetic books are counted as one in a single collection called ''Trei Asar'' or "The Twelve [[Minor Prophets]]". The Jewish tradition thus counts a total of eight books in ''Nevi'im'' out of a total of 24 books in the entire Tanakh. In the Jewish [[liturgy]], selections from the books of ''Nevi'im'' known as the ''[[Haftarah]]'' are read publicly in the synagogue after the reading of the Torah on each Sabbath, as well as on Jewish festivals and fast days.

===First Prophets===
====I. Joshua====
The [[Book of Joshua]] (''Yehoshua'' יהושע) contains a history of the [[Israelites]] from the death of [[Moses]] to that of [[Joshua]]. After Moses' death, Joshua, by virtue of his previous appointment as Moses' successor, receives from God the command to cross the Jordan. In execution of this order Joshua issues the requisite instructions to the stewards of the people for the crossing of the Jordan; and he reminds the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half of Manasseh of their pledge given to Moses to help their brethren.

The book essentially consists of three parts:

# The history of the conquest of the land (1-12).
# The allotment of the land to the different tribes, with the appointment of cities of refuge, the provision for the Levites (13-22), and the dismissal of the eastern tribes to their homes.
# The farewell addresses of Joshua, with an account of his death (23, 24).

====II. Judges====
The [[Book of Judges]] (''Shoftim'' שופטים) consists of three distinct parts:
#The Introduction (1:1-3:10 and 3:12) giving a summary of the book of Joshua
#The Main Text (3:11-16:31), discussing the five Great Judges, Abimelech, and providing glosses for a few minor Judges
#The Appendices (17:1-21:25), giving two stories set in the time of the Judges, but not discussing the Judges themselves.

====III. Samuel====
The [[Books of Samuel]] (''Shmu'el'' שמואל) consists of five parts:
*The period of [[Tetragrammaton|God]]'s rejection of [[Eli (Biblical priest)|Eli]], [[Samuel (biblical figure)|Samuel's]] birth, and subsequent judgment (1 Samuel 1:1-7:17)
*The period of the life of [[Saul]] prior to meeting [[David]] (1 Samuel 8:1-15:35)
*The period of Saul's interaction with David (1 Samuel 16:1-2 Samuel 1:27)
*The period of David's reign and the rebellions he suffers (2 Samuel 2:1-20:22)
*An appendix of material concerning David in no particular order, and out of sequence with the rest of the text (2 Samuel 22:1-24:25)

A conclusion of sorts appears at [[1 Kings]] 1-2, concerning [[Solomon]] enacting a final revenge on those who did what David perceived as wrongdoing, and having a similar narrative style. While the subject matter in the Book(s) of Samuel is also covered by the narrative in [[Books of Chronicles|Chronicles]], it is noticeable that the section (2 Sam. 11:2-12:29) containing an account of the matter of [[Bathsheba]] is omitted in the corresponding passage in 1 Chr. 20.

====IV. Kings====
The [[Books of Kings]] (''Melakhim'' מלכים]) contains accounts of the kings of the ancient [[Kingdom of Israel]] and the [[Kingdom of Judah]], and the [[annal]]s of the Jewish commonwealth from the accession of [[Solomon]] until the subjugation of the kingdom by [[Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon|Nebuchadnezzar]] and the [[Babylonians]] (apparently a period of about four hundred and fifty-three years). Kings synchronize with 1 Chronicles 28 - 2 Chronicles 36:21. While in the Chronicles greater prominence is given to the priestly or [[Levite|Levitical]] office, in the Kings greater prominence is given to the royal office.

===Latter Prophets===
====V. Isaiah====
{{BibleRelated}}
The 66 chapters of [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] (''Yeshayahu'' [ישעיהו]) consist primarily of prophecies of the judgments awaiting nations that are persecuting [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]]. These nations include [[Babylon]], [[Assyria]], [[Philistia]], [[Moab]], [[Syria]], [[Israel]] (the northern kingdom), [[Ethiopia]], [[Egypt]], [[Arabia]], and [[Phoenicia]]. The prophecies concerning them can be summarized as saying that [[Tetragrammaton|God]] is the God of the whole earth, and that nations which think of themselves as secure in their own power might well be conquered by other nations, at God's command.

Chapter 6 describes Isaiah's call to be a prophet of God. Chapters 35-39 provide historical material about King [[Hezekiah]] and his triumph of faith in God. Chapters 24-34, while too complex to characterize easily, are primarily concerned with prophecies of a "[[Messiah]]," a person anointed or given power by God, and of the Messiah's kingdom, where justice and righteousness will reign. This section is seen by Jews as describing an actual king, a descendant of their great king, David, who will make Judah a great kingdom and [[Jerusalem]] a truly holy city.

The prophecy continues with what some have called “The Book of Comfort” which begins in chapter 40 and completes the writing. In the first eight chapters of this book of comfort, Isaiah prophesies the deliverance of the [[Jew]]s from the hands of the Babylonians and restoration of Israel as a unified nation in the land promised to them by God. Isaiah reaffirms that the Jews are indeed the chosen people of God in chapter 44 and that [[Tetragrammaton|Hashem]] is the only God for the Jews (and only the God of the Jews) as he will show his power over the gods of Babylon in due time in chapter 46. It is of much interest to note that in chapter 45:1, the Persian ruler [[Cyrus]] is named as the person of power who will overthrow the Babylonians and allow the return of Israel to their original land. The remaining chapters of the book contain prophecies of the future glory of [[Zion]] under the rule of a righteous servant (52 & 54). There is a very complex prophecy about this servant, that is written in a very poetic language. Although there is still the mention of judgment of false worshippers and idolaters (65 & 66), the book ends with a message of hope of a righteous ruler who extends salvation to his righteous subjects living in the Lord’s kingdom on earth.

====VI. Jeremiah====
The [[Book of Jeremiah]] (''Yirmiyahu'' [ירמיהו]) can be divided into twenty-three subsections, and its contents organized into five sub-sections or 'books'.

#The introduction, ch. 1.
#Scorn for the sins of Israel, consisting of seven sections, (1.) ch. 2; (2.) ch. 3-6; (3.) ch. 7-10; (4.) ch. 11-13; (5.) ch. 14-17:18; (6.) ch. 17:19-ch. 20; (7.) ch. 21-24.
#A general review of all nations, foreseeing their destruction, in two sections, (1.) ch. 46-49; (2.) ch. 25; with an historical appendix of three sections, (1.) ch. 26; (2.) ch. 27; (3.) ch. 28, 29.
#Two sections picturing the hopes of better times, (1.) ch. 30, 31; (2.) ch. 32,33; to which is added an historical appendix in three sections, (1.) ch. 34:1-7; (2.) ch. 34:8-22; (3.) ch. 35.
#The conclusion, in two sections, (1.) ch. 36; (2.) ch. 45.

In Egypt, after an interval, Jeremiah is supposed to have
added three sections, viz., ch. 37-39; 40-43; and 44. The principal Messianic prophecies are found in 23:1-8; 31:31-40; and 33:14-26.

[[Jeremiah]]'s prophecies are noted for the frequent repetitions found in them of the same words, phrases, and imagery. They cover the period of about 30 years. They are not in chronological order. Modern scholars do not believe they have reliable theories as to when, where, and how the text was edited into its present form.

====VII. Ezekiel====
The [[Book of Ezekiel]] (''Yehezq'el'' [יחזקאל]) contains three distinct sections.
# Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Judeans ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%203:22-24;&version=49; 3:22-24]), warning them of the certain destruction of [[Jerusalem]], in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, [[Exodus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; [[Deuteronomy]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; [[Leviticus]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8])
# Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the [[Ammon]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the [[Moab]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 25:8-11]), the [[Edom]]ites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 25:12-14]), the [[Philistines]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 25:15-17]), [[Tyre (Lebanon)|Tyre]] and [[Sidon]] ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against [[Egypt]] ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]).
# Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40-48]).

====VIII. Minor prophets====

The book Twelve [[Minor prophet|"Minor" Prophets]] (''Trei Asar'' תרי עשר) includes:
# [[Book of Hosea|Hosea]] or Hoshea [הושע]
# [[Book of Joel|Joel]] or Yo'el [יואל]
# [[Book of Amos|Amos]] [עמוס]
# [[Book of Obadiah|Obadiah]] or Ovadyah [עובדיה]
# [[Book of Jonah|Jonah]] or Yonah [יונה]
# [[Book of Micah|Micah]] or Mikhah [מיכה]
# [[Book of Nahum|Nahum]] or Nachum [נחום]
# [[Book of Habakkuk|Habakkuk]] or Habaquq [חבקוק]
# [[Book of Zephaniah|Zephaniah]] or Tsefania [צפניה]
# [[Book of Haggai|Haggai]] or Haggai [חגי]
# [[Book of Zechariah|Zechariah]] Zekharia [זכריה]
# [[Book of Malachi|Malachi]] or Malakhi [מלאכי]

"Minor" in this context refers to the length of the books, not the importance of the prophets themselves.

==Liturgical Use: The Haftarah==
{{main|Haftarah}}
The [[Haftarah]] is a text selected from the books of ''Nevi'im'' that is read publicly in the synagogue after the reading of the Torah on each Sabbath, as well as on Jewish festivals and fast days.

There is a special [[cantillation]] melody for the haftarah, distinct from that of the Torah portion. In some earlier authorities there are references to a tune for the "prophets" generally, distinct from that for the haftarah: this may have been a simplified melody for learning purposes.

Certain [[cantillation]] marks and combinations appear in Nevi'im but not within any of the Haftarah selections, and most communities therefore do not have a musical tradition for those marks. J.L. Neeman suggested that "those who recite Nevi'im privately with the cantillation melody may read the words accented by those rare notes by using a "metaphor" based on the melody of those notes in the five books of the Torah, while adhering to the musical scale of the melody for Nevi'im." Neeman includes a reconstruction of the musical scale for the lost melodies of the rare [[cantillation]] notes.<ref>Neeman, J.L. ''The Tunes of the Bible - Musical Principles of the Biblical Accentuation'', Tel Aviv, 1955 (Hebrew). Vol. 1, pp. 136, 188-189.</ref> In the Ashkenazi tradition, the resemblance between the Torah and Haftarah melodies is obvious and it is easy to transpose motifs between the two as suggested by Neeman. In the Sephardi traditions the haftarah melody is considerably more florid than the Torah melody, and usually in a different musical mode, and there are only isolated points of contact between the two.

==Aramaic translation of Nevi'im==
A '''targum''' (plural: ''targumim'') is an [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] [[translation]] of the Hebrew Bible written or compiled in the [[Land of Israel]] or in [[Babylonia]] from the [[Second Temple]] period until the early [[Middle Ages]] (late first millennium).

According to the [[Talmud]], the [[Targum]] on Nevi'im was composed by [[Jonathan ben Uzziel]]. Like [[Targum Onkelos]] on the Torah, [[Targum Jonathan]] is an eastern ([[Babylonian]]) Targum with early origins in the west ([[Land of Israel]]).

Like the Targum to the Torah, [[Targum Jonathan]] to Nevi'im served a formal liturgical purpose: it was read alternately, verse by verse, or in blocks of up to three verses, in the public reading of the Haftarah and in the study of Nevi'im.

[[Yemenite Jews]] continue the above tradition to this day, and have thus preserved a living tradition of the Babylonian vocalization for the Targum to Nevi'im.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Hebrew Bible]]
*[[Tanakh]]
*[[Ketuvim]]
*[[Haftarah]]
*[[Cantillation]]
*[[Codex Cairensis]]

{{Jews and Judaism}}

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