Mary, Queen of Scots - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* External links */

2016-03-12T04:16:16Z

External links

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	[[Category:16th-century female rulers]]		[[Category:16th-century female rulers]]
	[[Category:The Rough Wooing]]		[[Category:The Rough Wooing]]

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Nick at 07:55, 9 January 2011

2011-01-09T07:55:49Z

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Nick: Protected "Mary, Queen of Scots" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2011-01-09T07:49:15Z

Protected "Mary, Queen of Scots" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 07:49, 9 January 2011
(No difference)

Nick: /* Life in France */

2011-01-09T07:48:58Z

Life in France

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	Vivacious, beautiful, and clever (according to contemporaneous accounts), Mary had a promising childhood. While in the French court, she was a favourite. She received the best available education, and at the end of her studies, she had mastered [[French language\|French]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Spanish language\|Spanish]], and [[Italian language\|Italian]] in addition to her native [[Scots language\|Scots]]. She also learned how to play two instruments and learned prose, poetry, horsemanship, falconry, and needlework. She formed a close friendship with her future sister-in-law, [[Elisabeth of Valois]], of whom Mary retained the most nostalgic memories in later life.<sup>[]</sup> Her grandmother [[Antoinette de Bourbon]] exerted one of the strongest influences on her childhood,<sup>[]</sup> and acted as one of her principal advisors.		Vivacious, beautiful, and clever (according to contemporaneous accounts), Mary had a promising childhood. While in the French court, she was a favourite. She received the best available education, and at the end of her studies, she had mastered [[French language\|French]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Spanish language\|Spanish]], and [[Italian language\|Italian]] in addition to her native [[Scots language\|Scots]]. She also learned how to play two instruments and learned prose, poetry, horsemanship, falconry, and needlework. She formed a close friendship with her future sister-in-law, [[Elisabeth of Valois]], of whom Mary retained the most nostalgic memories in later life.<sup>[]</sup> Her grandmother [[Antoinette de Bourbon]] exerted one of the strongest influences on her childhood,<sup>[]</sup> and acted as one of her principal advisors.

	[[~~File~~:Francois II Scotland 1558.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|left\|Coin of [[Francis II of France\|Francis II]] and Mary Stuart, 1558]]		[[Image:Francois II Scotland 1558.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|left\|Coin of [[Francis II of France\|Francis II]] and Mary Stuart, 1558]]

	Portraits of Mary show that she had a small, well-shaped head, a long, graceful neck, bright auburn hair, hazel-brown eyes, under heavy lowered eyelids and finely arched brows, smooth lustrous skin, a high forehead, and regular, firm features. While not a beauty in the classical sense, she was an extremely pretty child who would become a strikingly attractive woman. In fact, her effect on the men with whom she later came into contact was certainly that of a beautiful woman.<sup>[]</sup>		Portraits of Mary show that she had a small, well-shaped head, a long, graceful neck, bright auburn hair, hazel-brown eyes, under heavy lowered eyelids and finely arched brows, smooth lustrous skin, a high forehead, and regular, firm features. While not a beauty in the classical sense, she was an extremely pretty child who would become a strikingly attractive woman. In fact, her effect on the men with whom she later came into contact was certainly that of a beautiful woman.<sup>[]</sup>

Nick: /* Life in France */

2011-01-09T07:48:41Z

Life in France

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 9 January 2011
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	With her marriage agreement in place, five-year-old Mary was sent to France to spend the next thirteen years at the French court, mainly at Amboise, near Tours. [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]] had offered to guard and raise her. The French fleet sent by [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]], commanded by [[Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon]], sailed with the five-year-old Queen of Scots from [[Dumbarton]] to [[Roscoff]] (or nearby [[Saint-Pol-de-Léon]])<sup>[]</sup> in Brittany and arrived on 18 August 1548.<ref>Merriman, Marcus, ''The Rough Wooings'', (2000), 309–10, citing Heulard, ''Villegagnon, Roi d'Amerique'', 41-2.</ref> She was accompanied by her own little court consisting of two lords, two half-brothers, and the "four Marys", four girls her own age, all named Mary, and the daughters of some of the noblest families in Scotland:[[Mary Beaton\|Beaton]], [[Mary Seton\|Seton]], [[Mary Fleming\|Fleming]], and [[Mary Livingston\|Livingston]].		With her marriage agreement in place, five-year-old Mary was sent to France to spend the next thirteen years at the French court, mainly at Amboise, near Tours. [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]] had offered to guard and raise her. The French fleet sent by [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]], commanded by [[Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon]], sailed with the five-year-old Queen of Scots from [[Dumbarton]] to [[Roscoff]] (or nearby [[Saint-Pol-de-Léon]])<sup>[]</sup> in Brittany and arrived on 18 August 1548.<ref>Merriman, Marcus, ''The Rough Wooings'', (2000), 309–10, citing Heulard, ''Villegagnon, Roi d'Amerique'', 41-2.</ref> She was accompanied by her own little court consisting of two lords, two half-brothers, and the "four Marys", four girls her own age, all named Mary, and the daughters of some of the noblest families in Scotland:[[Mary Beaton\|Beaton]], [[Mary Seton\|Seton]], [[Mary Fleming\|Fleming]], and [[Mary Livingston\|Livingston]].

	Vivacious, beautiful, and clever (according to contemporaneous accounts), Mary had a promising childhood. While in the French court, she was a favourite. She received the best available education, and at the end of her studies, she had mastered [[French language\|French]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Spanish language\|Spanish]], and [[Italian language\|Italian]] in addition to her native [[Scots language\|Scots]]. She also learned how to play two instruments and learned prose, poetry, horsemanship, falconry, and needlework. She formed a close friendship with her future sister-in-law, [[Elisabeth of Valois]], of whom Mary retained the most nostalgic memories in later life.<~~ref~~>~~{{Harvnb\|Fraser\|1978\|pp=49–50}}.~~</~~ref~~> Her grandmother [[Antoinette de Bourbon]] exerted one of the strongest influences on her childhood,<sup>[]</~~supref~~> and acted as one of her principal advisors.		Vivacious, beautiful, and clever (according to contemporaneous accounts), Mary had a promising childhood. While in the French court, she was a favourite. She received the best available education, and at the end of her studies, she had mastered [[French language\|French]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], [[Spanish language\|Spanish]], and [[Italian language\|Italian]] in addition to her native [[Scots language\|Scots]]. She also learned how to play two instruments and learned prose, poetry, horsemanship, falconry, and needlework. She formed a close friendship with her future sister-in-law, [[Elisabeth of Valois]], of whom Mary retained the most nostalgic memories in later life.<sup>[]</sup> Her grandmother [[Antoinette de Bourbon]] exerted one of the strongest influences on her childhood,<sup>[]</sup> and acted as one of her principal advisors.

	[[File:Francois II Scotland 1558.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|left\|Coin of [[Francis II of France\|Francis II]] and Mary Stuart, 1558]]		[[File:Francois II Scotland 1558.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|left\|Coin of [[Francis II of France\|Francis II]] and Mary Stuart, 1558]]

	Portraits of Mary show that she had a small, well-shaped head, a long, graceful neck, bright auburn hair, hazel-brown eyes, under heavy lowered eyelids and finely arched brows, smooth lustrous skin, a high forehead, and regular, firm features. While not a beauty in the classical sense, she was an extremely pretty child who would become a strikingly attractive woman. In fact, her effect on the men with whom she later came into contact was certainly that of a beautiful woman.<~~rsup~~>[]</sup>		Portraits of Mary show that she had a small, well-shaped head, a long, graceful neck, bright auburn hair, hazel-brown eyes, under heavy lowered eyelids and finely arched brows, smooth lustrous skin, a high forehead, and regular, firm features. While not a beauty in the classical sense, she was an extremely pretty child who would become a strikingly attractive woman. In fact, her effect on the men with whom she later came into contact was certainly that of a beautiful woman.<sup>[]</sup>

	Despite the fact that Mary was tall for her age (she attained an adult height of 5 feet 11 inches, especially tall by sixteenth century standards)<~~ref~~>~~{{Harvnb\|Fraser\|1978\|loc=?}}~~</~~ref~~> and fluent in speech, while Henry II's son and heir Francis was abnormally short and stuttered, Henry commented that "from the very first day they met, my son and she got on as well together as if they had known each other for a long time"<sup>[]</sup> On 24 April 1558 Mary married the Dauphin Francis at [[Notre Dame de Paris]], Francis assuming the title King consort of Scots.<sup>[]</sup> When [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]] died on 10 July 1559, Mary, Queen of Scots, became Queen consort of France; her husband becoming [[Francis II of France]].		Despite the fact that Mary was tall for her age (she attained an adult height of 5 feet 11 inches, especially tall by sixteenth century standards)<sup>[]</sup> and fluent in speech, while Henry II's son and heir Francis was abnormally short and stuttered, Henry commented that "from the very first day they met, my son and she got on as well together as if they had known each other for a long time"<sup>[]</sup> On 24 April 1558 Mary married the Dauphin Francis at [[Notre Dame de Paris]], Francis assuming the title King consort of Scots.<sup>[]</sup> When [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]] died on 10 July 1559, Mary, Queen of Scots, became Queen consort of France; her husband becoming [[Francis II of France]].

	=== Claim to the English throne ===		=== Claim to the English throne ===

Nick: /* External links */

2011-01-09T07:47:48Z

External links

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	* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/Scottish%20Monarchs(400ad-1603)/TheStewarts/MaryQueenofScots.aspx Mary's biography at the UK monarchy's official website]		* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/Scottish%20Monarchs(400ad-1603)/TheStewarts/MaryQueenofScots.aspx Mary's biography at the UK monarchy's official website]
	* [http://ladyhedgehog.hedgie.com/casketletters.html A website with texts of the Casket Letters derived from published transcriptions, with references]		* [http://ladyhedgehog.hedgie.com/casketletters.html A website with texts of the Casket Letters derived from published transcriptions, with references]
	* [[:s:The New Student's Reference Work/Mary Queen of Scots\|The New Student's Reference Work/Mary Queen of Scots]]
	* [http://www.ourpasthistory.com/scotland/?c=Mary-Stuart Portraits of Mary; a website by Corinne Mills]		* [http://www.ourpasthistory.com/scotland/?c=Mary-Stuart Portraits of Mary; a website by Corinne Mills]
	* [http://www.marileecody.com/maryqosimages.html Portraits of Mary; a website by Marilee Cody]		* [http://www.marileecody.com/maryqosimages.html Portraits of Mary; a website by Marilee Cody]
	* [http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/Residents/Parks_Outdoors/HeritageTrails/Langside/ Langside Heritage Trail featuring Mary Queen of Scots at the Battle of Langside]		* [http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/Residents/Parks_Outdoors/HeritageTrails/Langside/ Langside Heritage Trail featuring Mary Queen of Scots at the Battle of Langside]
	* {{CathEncy\|wstitle=Mary Queen of Scots}}
	* [http://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/maryqos.html Biography of Mary, with primary and secondary sources related to her life.]		* [http://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/maryqos.html Biography of Mary, with primary and secondary sources related to her life.]

Nick: /* The Treaty of Greenwich */

2011-01-09T07:45:04Z

The Treaty of Greenwich

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	=== The Treaty of Greenwich ===		=== The Treaty of Greenwich ===
	[[Henry VIII of England]] took the opportunity of this regency to propose England and Scotland be united through the marriage of Mary and his own son, [[Edward VI of England\|Prince Edward]]. On 1 July 1543, when Mary was six months old, the [[Treaty of Greenwich]] was signed, which among other points, promised Mary to be married to Edward. It was Henry's wish that Mary should also move to England where he could oversee her upbringing.<sup>[]</sup> However, feelings among the Scottish people towards the English changed somewhat when Cardinal Beaton rose to power again, and began to push a pro-[[Catholic Church\|Catholic]] and [[France\|French]] agenda, which angered Henry who wanted to break the alliance with France and the [[papacy]]. When French ships were spotted on the Scottish coast in July, it was felt they were a threat to Mary, and she moved with her mother to [[Stirling Castle]] which was considered safer.<sup>[]</~~supref~~> On 9 September 1543 Mary was crowned Queen of Scots in the chapel at this castle.<sup>[]</sup>		[[Henry VIII of England]] took the opportunity of this regency to propose England and Scotland be united through the marriage of Mary and his own son, [[Edward VI of England\|Prince Edward]]. On 1 July 1543, when Mary was six months old, the [[Treaty of Greenwich]] was signed, which among other points, promised Mary to be married to Edward. It was Henry's wish that Mary should also move to England where he could oversee her upbringing.<sup>[]</sup> However, feelings among the Scottish people towards the English changed somewhat when Cardinal Beaton rose to power again, and began to push a pro-[[Catholic Church\|Catholic]] and [[France\|French]] agenda, which angered Henry who wanted to break the alliance with France and the [[papacy]]. When French ships were spotted on the Scottish coast in July, it was felt they were a threat to Mary, and she moved with her mother to [[Stirling Castle]] which was considered safer.<sup>[]</sup> On 9 September 1543 Mary was crowned Queen of Scots in the chapel at this castle.<sup>[]</sup>

	Shortly before Mary's coronation, the occupants of some Scottish ships headed for France were arrested by Henry, who claimed they were not allowed to trade with France even though that was never part of the agreement. These arrests caused anger among people in Scotland. Arran decided to join Beaton following this,<sup>[]</sup> and he became a Catholic. The Treaty was eventually rejected by Parliament in December.<sup>[]</sup>		Shortly before Mary's coronation, the occupants of some Scottish ships headed for France were arrested by Henry, who claimed they were not allowed to trade with France even though that was never part of the agreement. These arrests caused anger among people in Scotland. Arran decided to join Beaton following this,<sup>[]</sup> and he became a Catholic. The Treaty was eventually rejected by Parliament in December.<sup>[]</sup>

Nick at 07:43, 9 January 2011

2011-01-09T07:43:20Z

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Nick: New page: {{Otheruses}} {{Infobox royalty| Monarch | name = Mary I | image = Mary Stuart Queen.jpg | caption = Portrait of Mary Queen of Scots, after François Clouet |...

2011-01-09T07:35:25Z

New page: {{Otheruses}} {{Infobox royalty| Monarch | name = Mary I | image = Mary Stuart Queen.jpg | caption = Portrait of Mary Queen of Scots, after François Clouet |...

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