Luther Bible - Revision history

KJV: /* External links */ Lutherbibel at German Wikisource

2022-01-16T07:48:50Z

External links: Lutherbibel at German Wikisource

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 16 January 2022
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	==External links==		==External links==
			*[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Lutherbibel Lutherbibel at German Wikisource]
	*[https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/german-luther-1545/ Luther's Biblia Germanica 1545 Last Hand Edition]		*[https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/german-luther-1545/ Luther's Biblia Germanica 1545 Last Hand Edition]
	*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/luther02.html Luther's Translation of the Bible in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church]		*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/luther02.html Luther's Translation of the Bible in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church]

KJV: /* External links */ removed German Biblia 1545 PDF - site no longer exists

2022-01-16T07:37:09Z

External links: removed German Biblia 1545 PDF - site no longer exists

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:37, 16 January 2022
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	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://web.mac.com/onlinebible/Bible/GER1545/GER1545.html German Biblia 1545 Edition PDF's]
	*[https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/german-luther-1545/ Luther's Biblia Germanica 1545 Last Hand Edition]		*[https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/german-luther-1545/ Luther's Biblia Germanica 1545 Last Hand Edition]
	*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/luther02.html Luther's Translation of the Bible in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church]		*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/luther02.html Luther's Translation of the Bible in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church]

KJV: /* External links */ updated Luther Bibel site - original site no longer exists

2022-01-16T07:28:27Z

External links: updated Luther Bibel site - original site no longer exists

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:28, 16 January 2022
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	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://web.mac.com/onlinebible/Bible/GER1545/GER1545.html German Biblia 1545 Edition PDF's]		*[http://web.mac.com/onlinebible/Bible/GER1545/GER1545.html German Biblia 1545 Edition PDF's]
	*[~~http~~://~~lutherbibel~~.~~net~~ Luther's Biblia Germanica 1545 Last Hand Edition]		*[https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bible/german-luther-1545/ Luther's Biblia Germanica 1545 Last Hand Edition]
	*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/luther02.html Luther's Translation of the Bible in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church]		*[http://www.bible-researcher.com/luther02.html Luther's Translation of the Bible in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church]

Beza 1598 at 08:02, 5 March 2016

2016-03-05T08:02:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:02, 5 March 2016
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	[[Category:German Bible translations]]		[[Category:German Bible translations]]
	[[Category:Christian terms]]		[[Category:Christian terms]]

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Nick at 10:01, 14 September 2012

2012-09-14T10:01:24Z

Show changes

Nick at 09:50, 14 September 2012

2012-09-14T09:50:54Z

Nick at 07:50, 22 April 2011

2011-04-22T07:50:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:50, 22 April 2011
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	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

	"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[~~Erasmus of Rotterdam\|~~Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>		"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>

	The translation of the entire [[Bible]] into [[German language\|German]] was published in a six-part edition in 1534, a collaborative effort of Luther, [[Johannes Bugenhagen]], [[Justus Jonas]], [[Caspar Creuziger]], [[Philipp Melanchthon]], [[Matthäus Aurogallus]], and [[Georg Rörer]]. Luther worked on refining the translation up to his death in 1546: he had worked on the edition that was printed that year.		The translation of the entire [[Bible]] into [[German language\|German]] was published in a six-part edition in 1534, a collaborative effort of Luther, [[Johannes Bugenhagen]], [[Justus Jonas]], [[Caspar Creuziger]], [[Philipp Melanchthon]], [[Matthäus Aurogallus]], and [[Georg Rörer]]. Luther worked on refining the translation up to his death in 1546: he had worked on the edition that was printed that year.

Nick at 07:49, 22 April 2011

2011-04-22T07:49:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:49, 22 April 2011
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	[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Martin Luther]]'s [[1534]] bible]]		[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Martin Luther]]'s [[1534 AD\|1534]] bible]]
	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

Nick at 07:49, 22 April 2011

2011-04-22T07:49:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:49, 22 April 2011
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	[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Martin Luther's 1534 bible]]		[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Martin Luther]]'s [[1534]] bible]]
	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

Nick at 07:48, 22 April 2011

2011-04-22T07:48:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 22 April 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Martin Luther's 1534 bible]]		[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Martin Luther's 1534 bible]]
	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in 1534. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

	"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus of Rotterdam\|Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>		"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus of Rotterdam\|Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:50, 22 April 2011
Line 2:		Line 2:
	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

	"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[~~Erasmus of Rotterdam\|~~Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>		"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>

	The translation of the entire [[Bible]] into [[German language\|German]] was published in a six-part edition in 1534, a collaborative effort of Luther, [[Johannes Bugenhagen]], [[Justus Jonas]], [[Caspar Creuziger]], [[Philipp Melanchthon]], [[Matthäus Aurogallus]], and [[Georg Rörer]]. Luther worked on refining the translation up to his death in 1546: he had worked on the edition that was printed that year.		The translation of the entire [[Bible]] into [[German language\|German]] was published in a six-part edition in 1534, a collaborative effort of Luther, [[Johannes Bugenhagen]], [[Justus Jonas]], [[Caspar Creuziger]], [[Philipp Melanchthon]], [[Matthäus Aurogallus]], and [[Georg Rörer]]. Luther worked on refining the translation up to his death in 1546: he had worked on the edition that was printed that year.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 22 April 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Martin Luther's 1534 bible]]		[[Image:Lutherbibel.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Martin Luther's 1534 bible]]
	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in 1534. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

	"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus of Rotterdam\|Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>		"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus of Rotterdam\|Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:50, 14 September 2012
Line 2:		Line 2:
	The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].		The '''Luther Bible''' is a [[German language\|German]] [[Bible translation]] by [[Martin Luther]], first printed with both testaments in [[1534 AD\|1534]]. This translation is considered to be important to the evolution of the modern [[German language]].

	"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] (1521–1522) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus]]' second edition (1519) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September 1522, six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>		"The task of translating the Bible which he thus assumed was to absorb him until the end of his life."<sup>[1]</sup> While he was sequestered in the [[Wartburg Castle]] ([[1521 AD\|1521]]–[[1522 AD\|1522]]) Luther began to translate the [[New Testament]] into [[German language\|German]] in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the "[[Holy Roman Empire]] of the German nation." He used [[Erasmus]]' second edition ([[1519 AD\|1519]]) of the Greek New Testament—[[Erasmus]]' Greek text would come to be known as the ''[[Textus Receptus]]''. To help him in translating Luther would make forays into the nearby towns and markets to listen to people speak. He wanted to ensure their comprehension by a translation closest to their contemporary language usage. It was published in September [[1522 AD\|1522]], six months after he had returned to [[Wittenberg]]. In the opinion of the 19th century theologian and church historian [[Philip Schaff]],<blockquote>"The richest fruit of Luther's leisure in the Wartburg, and the most important and useful work of his whole life, is the translation of the New Testament, by which he brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the mind and heart of the Germans in life-like reproduction. It was a republication of the gospel. He made the Bible the people's book in church, school, and house." <sup>[2]</sup></blockquote>

	The translation of the entire [[Bible]] into [[German language\|German]] was published in a six-part edition in 1534, a collaborative effort of Luther, [[Johannes Bugenhagen]], [[Justus Jonas]], [[Caspar Creuziger]], [[Philipp Melanchthon]], [[Matthäus Aurogallus]], and [[Georg Rörer]]. Luther worked on refining the translation up to his death in 1546: he had worked on the edition that was printed that year.		The translation of the entire [[Bible]] into [[German language\|German]] was published in a six-part edition in 1534, a collaborative effort of Luther, [[Johannes Bugenhagen]], [[Justus Jonas]], [[Caspar Creuziger]], [[Philipp Melanchthon]], [[Matthäus Aurogallus]], and [[Georg Rörer]]. Luther worked on refining the translation up to his death in [[1546 AD\|1546]]: he had worked on the edition that was printed that year.

	Luther added the word "alone" (''allein'' in German) to [[Romans 3:28]] controversially so that it read: "thus, we hold, then, that man is justified without the works of the law to do, '''alone''' through faith"<sup>[3]</sup> The word "alone" does not appear in the original Greek [[Biblical manuscript\|text]],<sup>[4]</sup> but Luther defended his translation by maintaining that the adverb "alone" was required both by idiomatic German and the [[Paul the Apostle\|apostle Paul's]] intended meaning. <sup>[5]</sup>		Luther added the word "alone" (''allein'' in German) to [[Romans 3:28]] controversially so that it read: "thus, we hold, then, that man is justified without the works of the law to do, '''alone''' through faith"<sup>[3]</sup> The word "alone" does not appear in the original Greek [[Biblical manuscript\|text]],<sup>[4]</sup> but Luther defended his translation by maintaining that the adverb "alone" was required both by idiomatic German and the [[Paul the Apostle\|apostle Paul's]] intended meaning. <sup>[5]</sup>
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	The Luther Bible by reason of its widespread circulation facilitated the emergence of the modern [[German language]] by standardizing it for the peoples of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], an empire extending throughout and well beyond present day Germany . It is considered a landmark in [[German literature]], with Luther's vernacular style often praised by modern German sources for its forceful vigor (''"kraftvolles Deutsch"'')<sup>[9]</sup><sup>[10]</sup><sup>[11]</sup><sup>[12]</sup><sup>[13]</sup><sup>[14]</sup><sup>[15]</sup><sup>[16]</sup><sup>[17]</sup> that he chose to translate the Scripture.		The Luther Bible by reason of its widespread circulation facilitated the emergence of the modern [[German language]] by standardizing it for the peoples of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], an empire extending throughout and well beyond present day Germany . It is considered a landmark in [[German literature]], with Luther's vernacular style often praised by modern German sources for its forceful vigor (''"kraftvolles Deutsch"'')<sup>[9]</sup><sup>[10]</sup><sup>[11]</sup><sup>[12]</sup><sup>[13]</sup><sup>[14]</sup><sup>[15]</sup><sup>[16]</sup><sup>[17]</sup> that he chose to translate the Scripture.

	Luther’s significance was largely due to his influence on the emergence of the German language and nationalism. This importance stemmed predominantly from his translation of the Bible into the vernacular, which was potentially as revolutionary as canon law and the burning of the papal bull.<sup>[18]</sup> Luther’s goal was to equip every Christian in Germany with the ability to hear the Word. Thus, by 1534 he completed his translation of the old and new testaments from Hebrew and Greek into the vernacular, one of the most significant acts of the Reformation.<sup>[19]</sup> Although Luther was not the first to attempt this translation, his was superior to all its predecessors. Previous translations contained poor German and were that of Vulgate, (translations of translations) rather than a direct translation to German text.<sup>[18]</sup> Luther sought to get as close to the original text as possible but at the same time, his translation was guided by how people spoke in the home, on the street and in the marketplace.<sup>[20]</sup> Luther combined his faithfulness to the language spoken by the common people to produce a work which the common man could relate to.<sup>[21]</sup> This aspect of Luther’s creation led German writers such as Goethe and Nietzsche to thoroughly praise Luther’s Bible.<sup>[22]</sup> The fact that the new Bible was printed in the vernacular allowed it to spread rapidly as it could be read by all. Hans Lufft, a renowned Bible printer in Wittenberg printed over one hundred thousand copies between 1534 and 1574 which went on to be read by millions.<sup>[23]</sup> Luther’s Bible was virtually present in every German Protestant’s home, and there can be no doubts regarding the vast biblical knowledge attained by the German common masses.<sup>[24]</sup> As a testament to the vast influence of Luther’s Bible, he even had large print Bibles made for those who had failing eyesight.<sup>[25]</sup> German humanist [[Johann Cochlaeus]] complained that		Luther’s significance was largely due to his influence on the emergence of the German language and nationalism. This importance stemmed predominantly from his translation of the Bible into the vernacular, which was potentially as revolutionary as canon law and the burning of the papal bull.<sup>[18]</sup> Luther’s goal was to equip every Christian in Germany with the ability to hear the Word. Thus, by [[1534 AD\|1534]] he completed his translation of the old and new testaments from Hebrew and Greek into the vernacular, one of the most significant acts of the Reformation.<sup>[19]</sup> Although Luther was not the first to attempt this translation, his was superior to all its predecessors. Previous translations contained poor German and were that of Vulgate, (translations of translations) rather than a direct translation to German text.<sup>[18]</sup> Luther sought to get as close to the original text as possible but at the same time, his translation was guided by how people spoke in the home, on the street and in the marketplace.<sup>[20]</sup> Luther combined his faithfulness to the language spoken by the common people to produce a work which the common man could relate to.<sup>[21]</sup> This aspect of Luther’s creation led German writers such as Goethe and Nietzsche to thoroughly praise Luther’s Bible.<sup>[22]</sup> The fact that the new Bible was printed in the vernacular allowed it to spread rapidly as it could be read by all. Hans Lufft, a renowned Bible printer in Wittenberg printed over one hundred thousand copies between 1534 and 1574 which went on to be read by millions.<sup>[23]</sup> Luther’s Bible was virtually present in every German Protestant’s home, and there can be no doubts regarding the vast biblical knowledge attained by the German common masses.<sup>[24]</sup> As a testament to the vast influence of Luther’s Bible, he even had large print Bibles made for those who had failing eyesight.<sup>[25]</sup> German humanist [[Johann Cochlaeus]] complained that

	<blockquote>Luther's New Testament was so much multiplied and spread by printers that even tailors and shoemakers, yea, even women and ignorant persons who had accepted this new Lutheran gospel, and could read a little German, studied it with the greatest avidity as the fountain of all truth. Some committed it to memory, and carried it about in their bosom. In a few months such people deemed themselves so learned that they were not ashamed to dispute about faith and the gospel not only with Catholic laymen, but even with priests and monks and doctors of divinity."<sup>[25]</sup></blockquote>		<blockquote>Luther's New Testament was so much multiplied and spread by printers that even tailors and shoemakers, yea, even women and ignorant persons who had accepted this new Lutheran gospel, and could read a little German, studied it with the greatest avidity as the fountain of all truth. Some committed it to memory, and carried it about in their bosom. In a few months such people deemed themselves so learned that they were not ashamed to dispute about faith and the gospel not only with Catholic laymen, but even with priests and monks and doctors of divinity."<sup>[25]</sup></blockquote>
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	Although not as significant as German linguistics, Luther’s Bible also had a large impression on educational reform throughout Germany. Luther’s goal of a readable and accurate translation of the Bible became a stimulus towards universal education. This stemmed from the notion that everyone should be able to read in order to understand the Bible.<sup>[18]</sup> Luther felt that man had fallen from grace and was ruled by his own selfishness, but ultimately had not lost his moral consciousness. In Luther's eyes all men were sinners and needed to be educated. Thus his Bible was a means of establishing a form of law, order and moral teachings which everyone could abide by as that they could all read and understand his Bible. This education subsequently allowed Luther to find a State Church and educate his followers into a law-abiding community.<sup>[38]</sup> Overall, the Protestant states of Germany were educational states which encouraged the spirit of teaching which was ultimately fueled by Luther’s Bible.		Although not as significant as German linguistics, Luther’s Bible also had a large impression on educational reform throughout Germany. Luther’s goal of a readable and accurate translation of the Bible became a stimulus towards universal education. This stemmed from the notion that everyone should be able to read in order to understand the Bible.<sup>[18]</sup> Luther felt that man had fallen from grace and was ruled by his own selfishness, but ultimately had not lost his moral consciousness. In Luther's eyes all men were sinners and needed to be educated. Thus his Bible was a means of establishing a form of law, order and moral teachings which everyone could abide by as that they could all read and understand his Bible. This education subsequently allowed Luther to find a State Church and educate his followers into a law-abiding community.<sup>[38]</sup> Overall, the Protestant states of Germany were educational states which encouraged the spirit of teaching which was ultimately fueled by Luther’s Bible.

	Finally, Luther’s Bible also had international significance in the spread of Protestantism. Luther’s translation influenced the English translations by [[William Tyndale]] and [[Myles Coverdale]] who in turn inspired many other translations of the Bible such as the [[Bishops' Bible]] of 1568, the [[Douay–Rheims Bible]] of ~~1582–1609~~, and the [[Authorized King James Version\|King James Version]] of 1611.<sup>[22]</sup> Luther’s work also inspired translations as far reaching as Scandinavia and the Netherlands. In a metaphor, it was Luther who broke the walls of translation and once such walls had fallen, the way was open to all, including some who were quite opposed to Luther’s belief.<sup>[39]</sup> Luther’s Bible spread its influence for the remolding of Western culture in all the great ferment of the sixteenth century. The worldwide implications of the translation far surpassed the expectations of even Luther himself.<sup>[40]</sup>		Finally, Luther’s Bible also had international significance in the spread of Protestantism. Luther’s translation influenced the English translations by [[William Tyndale]] and [[Myles Coverdale]] who in turn inspired many other translations of the Bible such as the [[Bishops' Bible]] of 1568, the [[Douay–Rheims Bible]] of [[1582 AD\|1582]]–[[1609 AD\|1609]], and the [[Authorized King James Version\|King James Version]] of 1611.<sup>[22]</sup> Luther’s work also inspired translations as far reaching as Scandinavia and the Netherlands. In a metaphor, it was Luther who broke the walls of translation and once such walls had fallen, the way was open to all, including some who were quite opposed to Luther’s belief.<sup>[39]</sup> Luther’s Bible spread its influence for the remolding of Western culture in all the great ferment of the sixteenth century. The worldwide implications of the translation far surpassed the expectations of even Luther himself.<sup>[40]</sup>

	==Memorable verses==		==Memorable verses==
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	* 1. Martin Brecht, Martin Luther: Shaping and Defining the Reformation, 1521-1532, Minneapolis: Fortress, p. 46		* 1. Martin Brecht, Martin Luther: Shaping and Defining the Reformation, 1521-1532, Minneapolis: Fortress, p. 46
	* 2. History of the Christian Church, 8 vols., (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910), 7:xxx.[1]		* 2. History of the Christian Church, 8 vols., (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910), 7:xxx.[1]
	* 3. The 1522 "Testament" reads at Romans 3:28: "So halten wyrs nu, das der mensch gerechtfertiget werde, on zu thun der werck des gesetzs, alleyn durch den glawben" (emphasis added to the German word for "all." [2]		* 3. The [[1522 AD\|1522]] "Testament" reads at [[Romans 3:28]]: "So halten wyrs nu, das der mensch gerechtfertiget werde, on zu thun der werck des gesetzs, alleyn durch den glawben" (emphasis added to the German word for "all." [2]
	* 4. The Greek text reads: λογιζόμεθα γάρ δικαιоῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπον χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου ("for we reckon a man to be justified by faith without deeds of law")[3]		* 4. The Greek text reads: λογιζόμεθα γάρ δικαιоῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπον χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου ("for we reckon a man to be justified by faith without deeds of law")[3]
	* 5. Martin Luther, On Translating: An Open Letter (1530), Luther's Works, 55 vols., (St. Louis and Philadelphia: Concordia Publishing House and Fortress Press), 35:187–189, 195; cf. also Heinz Bluhm, Martin Luther Creative Translator, (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1965), 125–137.		* 5. Martin Luther, On Translating: An Open Letter (1530), Luther's Works, 55 vols., (St. Louis and Philadelphia: Concordia Publishing House and Fortress Press), 35:187–189, 195; cf. also Heinz Bluhm, Martin Luther Creative Translator, (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1965), 125–137.
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	* 7.^ Martin Brecht, Martin Luther, James L. Schaaf, trans., 3 vols., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1985-1993), 3:98.		* 7.^ Martin Brecht, Martin Luther, James L. Schaaf, trans., 3 vols., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1985-1993), 3:98.
	* 8.^ ibid.		* 8.^ ibid.
	* 9. Schreiber, Mathias (2006). Deutsch for sale, Der Spiegel, no. 40, October 2, 2006 ("So schuf er eine Hochsprache aus Volkssprache, sächsischem Kanzleideutsch (aus der Gegend von Meißen), Predigt und Alltagsrede, eine in sich widersprüchliche, aber bildhafte und kraftvolle Mischung, an der die deutschsprachige Literatur im Grunde bis heute Maß nimmt.")		* 9. Schreiber, Mathias (2006). Deutsch for sale, Der Spiegel, no. 40, October 2, [[2006 AD\|2006]] ("So schuf er eine Hochsprache aus Volkssprache, sächsischem Kanzleideutsch (aus der Gegend von Meißen), Predigt und Alltagsrede, eine in sich widersprüchliche, aber bildhafte und kraftvolle Mischung, an der die deutschsprachige Literatur im Grunde bis heute Maß nimmt.")
	* 10.^ Köppelmann, K. (2006) . Zwischen Barock und Romantik: Mendelssohns kirchliche Kompositionen für Chor ("Between Baroque and Romanticism: Mendelssohn's ecclesiastic choir compositions"), Mendelssohn-Programm 2006, p. 3 ("Martin Luthers kraftvolle deutsche Texte werden durch Mendelssohns Musik mit emotionalen Qualitäten versehen, die über die Zeit des Bachschen Vorbildes weit hinaus reicht und das persönlich empfindende romantische Selbst stark in den Vordergrund rückt.")		* 10.^ Köppelmann, K. (2006) . Zwischen Barock und Romantik: Mendelssohns kirchliche Kompositionen für Chor ("Between Baroque and Romanticism: Mendelssohn's ecclesiastic choir compositions"), Mendelssohn-Programm 2006, p. 3 ("Martin Luthers kraftvolle deutsche Texte werden durch Mendelssohns Musik mit emotionalen Qualitäten versehen, die über die Zeit des Bachschen Vorbildes weit hinaus reicht und das persönlich empfindende romantische Selbst stark in den Vordergrund rückt.")
	* 11. Werth, Jürgen. Die Lutherbibel ("The Luther Bible"), in Michaelsbote: Gemeindebrief der Evangelischen Michaeliskirchengemeinde ("St. Michael's Messenger: Parish newsletter of the Protestant Community of St. Michael's Church"), no. 2, May/June/July, 2007, p. 4. ("Gottes Worte für die Welt. Kaum einer hat diese Worte so kraftvoll in die deutsche Sprache übersetzt wie Martin Luther.")		* 11. Werth, Jürgen. Die Lutherbibel ("The Luther Bible"), in Michaelsbote: Gemeindebrief der Evangelischen Michaeliskirchengemeinde ("St. Michael's Messenger: Parish newsletter of the Protestant Community of St. Michael's Church"), no. 2, May/June/July, 2007, p. 4. ("Gottes Worte für die Welt. Kaum einer hat diese Worte so kraftvoll in die deutsche Sprache übersetzt wie Martin Luther.")