Kinyarwanda language - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* External links */

2016-03-17T12:56:48Z

External links

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	[[Category:Tonal languages]]		[[Category:Tonal languages]]
	[[Category:Northeast Bantu languages]]		[[Category:Northeast Bantu languages]]

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Nick: Protected "Kinyarwanda language" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2010-12-29T11:13:55Z

Protected "Kinyarwanda language" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:13, 29 December 2010
(No difference)

Nick: /* Tone */

2010-12-29T11:13:42Z

Tone

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	===Tone===		===Tone===
	Kinyarwanda is a [[tonal language]].		Kinyarwanda is a [[tonal language]].
	~~{{Expand section\|date=May 2008}}~~

	===Orthography===		===Orthography===

Nick at 11:13, 29 December 2010

2010-12-29T11:13:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:13, 29 December 2010
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	'''Kinyarwanda''' (also sometimes known simply as '''Rwanda''' or '''Ruanda''') is a [[Bantu languages\|Bantu language]] spoken primarily in [[Rwanda]], where it is nearly universal and one of the [[official language]]s of the country. It is also spoken in southern [[Uganda]]. Kinyarwanda is [[mutual intelligibility\|mutually intelligible]] with [[Rundi language\|Kirundi]], an official language of [[Burundi]].<~~ref name="ethn"~~>~~Ethnologue, 15th ed.~~</~~ref~~>		'''Kinyarwanda''' (also sometimes known simply as '''Rwanda''' or '''Ruanda''') is a [[Bantu languages\|Bantu language]] spoken primarily in [[Rwanda]], where it is nearly universal and one of the [[official language]]s of the country. It is also spoken in southern [[Uganda]]. Kinyarwanda is [[mutual intelligibility\|mutually intelligible]] with [[Rundi language\|Kirundi]], an official language of [[Burundi]].<sup>[]</sup>

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
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	*[http://www.speakrwanda.com] www.speakrwanda.com Kinyarwanda audio lessons and phrasebook for travellers		*[http://www.speakrwanda.com] www.speakrwanda.com Kinyarwanda audio lessons and phrasebook for travellers
	*[http://www.kigalicoders.com/kinyarwanda Kinyarwanda Book] HTML Transcription of the Book "Kinyarwanda Lessons" by Betty Ellen Cox and Gakuba Faustin		*[http://www.kigalicoders.com/kinyarwanda Kinyarwanda Book] HTML Transcription of the Book "Kinyarwanda Lessons" by Betty Ellen Cox and Gakuba Faustin

			* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinyarwanda Wkipedia Article on Kinyarwanda language]

	[[Category:Languages of Rwanda]]		[[Category:Languages of Rwanda]]

Nick: /* Orthography */

2010-12-29T11:12:08Z

Orthography

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	\|}		\|}

	The sequences 'ki' and 'ke' may be pronounced interchangeably as [ki] and [ke] or [chi] and [che] according to speaker's preference.~~{{Citation needed\|date=January 2008}}~~		The sequences 'ki' and 'ke' may be pronounced interchangeably as [ki] and [ke] or [chi] and [che] according to speaker's preference.

	The letters 'a', 'e', or 'i' at the end of a word followed by a word starting with a vowel often follows a pattern of omission (observed in the following excerpt of the Rwandan anthem) in common speech, though the orthography remains the same. For example, ''Reka tukurate tukuvuge ibigwi wowe utubumbiye hamwe twese Abanyarwanda uko watubyaye berwa, sugira, singizwa iteka.'' would be pronounced as "Reka tukurate tukuvug' ibigwi wow' utubumiye hamwe twes' abanyarwand' uko watubyaye berwa, sugira singizw' iteka."		The letters 'a', 'e', or 'i' at the end of a word followed by a word starting with a vowel often follows a pattern of omission (observed in the following excerpt of the Rwandan anthem) in common speech, though the orthography remains the same. For example, ''Reka tukurate tukuvuge ibigwi wowe utubumbiye hamwe twese Abanyarwanda uko watubyaye berwa, sugira, singizwa iteka.'' would be pronounced as "Reka tukurate tukuvug' ibigwi wow' utubumiye hamwe twes' abanyarwand' uko watubyaye berwa, sugira singizw' iteka."

	In the colloquial language, there are some discrepancies from orthographic ''Cw'' and ''Cy.'' Specifically, ''rw'' (as in ''Rwanda)'' is often pronounced ~~{{IPA\|~~/ɾɡw/}}. The most obvious differences are the following:		In the colloquial language, there are some discrepancies from orthographic ''Cw'' and ''Cy.'' Specifically, ''rw'' (as in ''Rwanda)'' is often pronounced /ɾɡw/. The most obvious differences are the following:

	::{\| class=wikitable		::{\| class=wikitable
	! Orthog. !! Pron.		! Orthog. !! Pron.
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''rw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/ɾɡw/}}		\| ''rw'' \|\| /ɾɡw/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''pw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/pk/}}		\| ''pw'' \|\| /pk/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''bw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/bɡ/}}		\| ''bw'' \|\| /bɡ/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''mw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/mŋ/}}		\| ''mw'' \|\| /mŋ/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''my'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/mɲ/}}		\| ''my'' \|\| /mɲ/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''tw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/tkw/}}		\| ''tw'' \|\| /tkw/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''dw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/dɡw /}}		\| ''dw'' \|\| /dɡw /
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''cw'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/tʃkw/}}		\| ''cw'' \|\| /tʃkw/
	\|-		\|-
	\| ''by'' \|~~\| {{IPA~~\|/bdʒ/}}		\| ''by'' \|\| /bdʒ/
	\|}		\|}

	Note that these are all sequences; {{IPA\|/bɡ/}}, for example, is not [[Labial-velar consonant\|labio-velar]] ~~{{IPA\|~~/b͡ɡ/}}. Even when ''Rwanda'' is pronounced ~~{{IPA\|~~/ɾwanda/}}, the onset is a sequence.		Note that these are all sequences; {{IPA\|/bɡ/}}, for example, is not [[Labial-velar consonant\|labio-velar]] /b͡ɡ/. Even when ''Rwanda'' is pronounced /ɾwanda/, the onset is a sequence.

	==Grammar==		==Grammar==

Nick at 11:10, 29 December 2010

2010-12-29T11:10:46Z

Show changes

212.111.4.142: NEFUJxwAeb

2010-12-29T10:54:57Z

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2010-12-28T02:37:56Z

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