Johann Jakob Griesbach - Revision history

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New Testament text critic

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	==New Testament text critic==		==New Testament text critic==
			{{Unitarian Translators}}
	Griesbach's critical edition of the [[New Testament]] first appeared at Halle, in three volumes, in [[1774 AD\|1774]]-[[1775 AD\|1775]]. The first volume contained the first three Gospels, synoptically arranged; the second, the [[Epistles]] and the [[book of Revelation]]. All the historical books were reprinted in one volume in [[1777 AD\|1777]], the synoptical arrangement of the Gospels having been abandoned as inconvenient. Of the second edition, considerably enlarged and improved, the first volume appeared in [[1796 AD\|1796]] and the second in [[1806 AD\|1806]] (Halle and London). Of a third edition, edited by [[David Schulz]], only the first volume, containing the four Gospels, appeared ([[1827 AD\|1827]]).		Griesbach's critical edition of the [[New Testament]] first appeared at Halle, in three volumes, in [[1774 AD\|1774]]-[[1775 AD\|1775]]. The first volume contained the first three Gospels, synoptically arranged; the second, the [[Epistles]] and the [[book of Revelation]]. All the historical books were reprinted in one volume in [[1777 AD\|1777]], the synoptical arrangement of the Gospels having been abandoned as inconvenient. Of the second edition, considerably enlarged and improved, the first volume appeared in [[1796 AD\|1796]] and the second in [[1806 AD\|1806]] (Halle and London). Of a third edition, edited by [[David Schulz]], only the first volume, containing the four Gospels, appeared ([[1827 AD\|1827]]).

Nick at 02:19, 15 January 2011

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	'''Johann Jakob Griesbach''' (January 4, [[1745 AD\|1745]] – March 24, [[1812 AD\|1812]]), [[Germany\|German]] biblical [[textual critic]], was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of [[Hesse]], where his father, Konrad Kaspar ([[1705 AD\|1705]]–[[1777 AD\|1777]]), was pastor. Griesbach's fame rests upon his work in [[New Testament]] criticism, in which he inaugurated a new epoch.		'''Johann Jakob Griesbach''' (January 4, [[1745 AD\|1745]] – March 24, [[1812 AD\|1812]]), [[Germany\|German]] biblical [[Textual criticism\|textual critic]], was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of [[Hesse]], where his father, Konrad Kaspar ([[1705 AD\|1705]]–[[1777 AD\|1777]]), was pastor. Griesbach's fame rests upon his work in [[New Testament]] criticism, in which he inaugurated a new epoch.
	His solution to the [[synoptic problem]] bears his name, but the [[Griesbach hypothesis]] has been largely discredited in favor of the [[two-source hypothesis]].		His solution to the [[synoptic problem]] bears his name, but the [[Griesbach hypothesis]] has been largely discredited in favor of the [[two-source hypothesis]].
	[[Image:Griesbach1.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Johann Jakob Griesbach]]		[[Image:Griesbach1.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Johann Jakob Griesbach]]

	==Education and career==		==Education and career==
	Griesbach was educated at [[Frankfurt]], and at the universities of [[university of Tübingen\|Tübingen]], [[university of Leipzig\|Leipzig]] and [[university of Halle\|Halle]], where he became one of [[Johann Salomo Semler\|J. S. Semler]]'s most ardent disciples. It was Semler who induced him to turn his attention to the [[~~textual critic\|~~textual criticism]] of the [[New Testament]]. At the close of his undergraduate career he undertook a literary tour through Germany, the [[Netherlands]], [[France]] and [[England]]. In England he may have met [[Henry Owen]] whose seminal work ''Observations on the Four Gospels'' ([[1764 AD\|1764]]) is listed among the books of Griesbach's estate, although he does not seem to have acknowledged any indebtedness to Owen.		Griesbach was educated at [[Frankfurt]], and at the universities of [[university of Tübingen\|Tübingen]], [[university of Leipzig\|Leipzig]] and [[university of Halle\|Halle]], where he became one of [[Johann Salomo Semler\|J. S. Semler]]'s most ardent disciples. It was Semler who induced him to turn his attention to the [[textual criticism]] of the [[New Testament]]. At the close of his undergraduate career he undertook a literary tour through Germany, the [[Netherlands]], [[France]] and [[England]]. In England he may have met [[Henry Owen]] whose seminal work ''Observations on the Four Gospels'' ([[1764 AD\|1764]]) is listed among the books of Griesbach's estate, although he does not seem to have acknowledged any indebtedness to Owen.

	On his return to Halle, Griesbach acted for some time as ''Privatdozent'', but in [[1773 AD\|1773]] was appointed to a professorial chair; in [[1775 AD\|1775]] he went to the [[Friedrich Schiller University of Jena\|University of Jena]], where he spent the rest of his life (though he received calls to other universities).		On his return to Halle, Griesbach acted for some time as ''Privatdozent'', but in [[1773 AD\|1773]] was appointed to a professorial chair; in [[1775 AD\|1775]] he went to the [[Friedrich Schiller University of Jena\|University of Jena]], where he spent the rest of his life (though he received calls to other universities).

Nick: Protected "Johann Jakob Griesbach" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2011-01-15T02:16:49Z

Protected "Johann Jakob Griesbach" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 02:16, 15 January 2011
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Nick: New page: '''Johann Jakob Griesbach''' (January 4, 1745 – March 24, 1812), German biblical textual critic, was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state o...

2011-01-15T02:16:06Z

New page: '''Johann Jakob Griesbach''' (January 4, 1745 – March 24, 1812), German biblical textual critic, was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state o...

New page

'''Johann Jakob Griesbach''' (January 4, [[1745 AD|1745]] – March 24, [[1812 AD|1812]]), [[Germany|German]] biblical [[textual critic]], was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of [[Hesse]], where his father, Konrad Kaspar ([[1705 AD|1705]]–[[1777 AD|1777]]), was pastor. Griesbach's fame rests upon his work in [[New Testament]] criticism, in which he inaugurated a new epoch.
His solution to the [[synoptic problem]] bears his name, but the [[Griesbach hypothesis]] has been largely discredited in favor of the [[two-source hypothesis]].
[[Image:Griesbach1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Johann Jakob Griesbach]]

==Education and career==
Griesbach was educated at [[Frankfurt]], and at the universities of [[university of Tübingen|Tübingen]], [[university of Leipzig|Leipzig]] and [[university of Halle|Halle]], where he became one of [[Johann Salomo Semler|J. S. Semler]]'s most ardent disciples. It was Semler who induced him to turn his attention to the [[textual critic|textual criticism]] of the [[New Testament]]. At the close of his undergraduate career he undertook a literary tour through Germany, the [[Netherlands]], [[France]] and [[England]]. In England he may have met [[Henry Owen]] whose seminal work ''Observations on the Four Gospels'' ([[1764 AD|1764]]) is listed among the books of Griesbach's estate, although he does not seem to have acknowledged any indebtedness to Owen.

On his return to Halle, Griesbach acted for some time as ''Privatdozent'', but in [[1773 AD|1773]] was appointed to a professorial chair; in [[1775 AD|1775]] he went to the [[Friedrich Schiller University of Jena|University of Jena]], where he spent the rest of his life (though he received calls to other universities).

==New Testament text critic==
Griesbach's critical edition of the [[New Testament]] first appeared at Halle, in three volumes, in [[1774 AD|1774]]-[[1775 AD|1775]]. The first volume contained the first three Gospels, synoptically arranged; the second, the [[Epistles]] and the [[book of Revelation]]. All the historical books were reprinted in one volume in [[1777 AD|1777]], the synoptical arrangement of the Gospels having been abandoned as inconvenient. Of the second edition, considerably enlarged and improved, the first volume appeared in [[1796 AD|1796]] and the second in [[1806 AD|1806]] (Halle and London). Of a third edition, edited by [[David Schulz]], only the first volume, containing the four Gospels, appeared ([[1827 AD|1827]]).

For the construction of his critical text Griesbach took as his basis the [[House of Elzevir|''Elzevir'']] edition. Where he differed from it he placed the ''Elzevir'' reading on the inner margin along with other readings lie thought worthy of special consideration (these last, however, being printed in smaller type). To all the readings on this margin he attached special marks indicating the precise degree of probability in his opinion attaching to each. In weighing these probabilities he proceeded upon a particular theory which in its leading features he had derived from [[Johann Albrecht Bengel|J. A. Bengel]] and J. S. Semler, dividing all the manuscripts into three main groups – the [[Alexandria]]n, the Western and the [[Byzantium|Byzantine]].

A reading supported by only one recension he considered as having only one witness in its favour; those readings which were supported by all the three recensions, or even by two of them, especially if these two were the Alexandrian and the Western, he unhesitatingly accepted as genuine. Only when each of the three recensions gives a different reading does he proceed to discuss the question on other grounds.

See his ''Symbolae criticae ad supplendas et corrigendas variarum N. T. lectionum collectiones'' (Halle, [[1785 AD|1785]], [[1793 AD|1793]]), and his ''Commentarius criticus in textum Graecum N. T.'', which extends to the end of [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and discusses the more important various readings with great care and thoroughness (Jena, [[1794 AD|1794]] if.).

Among the other works of Griesbach (which are comparatively unimportant) may be mentioned his university thesis ''De codicibus quatuor evangelislarum Origenianis'' (Halle, [[1771 AD|1771]]) and a work upon [[systematic theology]] (''Anleitung zur Kenntniss der populären Dogmatik'', Jena, [[1779 AD|1779]]). His ''Opuscula'', consisting chiefly of university "Programs" and addresses, were edited by [[Johann Philipp Gabler|Gabler]] (2 vols, Jena, [[1824 AD|1824]]).

See the articles in Herzog-Hauck, ''Realencyklopädie'', and the ''Allgemeine deutsche Biographie''.

==Gospel Synopsis==
In [[1776 AD|1776]] Griesbach published his Greek Gospel synopsis of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] as a volume separate from his critical edition of the [[New Testament]] (cf. above), of which it had previously been a part, and thereby established the tool of a synopsis as an essential research aid in [[New Testament]] studies.

For Griesbach's hypothesis concerning the interrelation of the Gospel accounts of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and its modern variant, see [[Griesbach hypothesis]].

==Johann Jakob Griesbach Bicentenary Colloquium 1776-1976==
To mark the bicentenary of the publication of Griesbach's Gospel synopsis as a separate volume a group of distinguished international biblical scholars met in July [[1976 AD|1976]] at Münster/Westphalia for ''The Johann Jakob Griesbach Bicentenary Colloquium [[1776 AD|1776]]-[[1976 AD|1976]]''.

A selection of the Papers presented at the Colloquium appraising Griesbach's life, work and influence, aimed "to indicate why an understanding of this scholar's contribution to [[New Testament]] criticism is important both for the history of [[New Testament]] scholarship and for contemporary research", together with the text in [[Latin]] and in [[English]] translation of ''The Dissertation of J. J. Griesbach, Doctor of Theology and Principal Professor in the University of Jena, in which he demonstrates that the entire [[Gospel of Mark]] has been extracted from the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], written in the name of the University of Jena ([[1789 AD|1789]]–[[1790 AD|1790]]), now revised and furnished with many additions'', are to be found in [[Bernard Orchard]] and [[Thomas R. W. Longstaff]] (ed.), ''J. J. Griesbach: Synoptic and Text-Critical Studies [[1776 AD|1776]]-[[1976 AD|1976]]'', Volume 34 in the SNTS Monograph Series (Cambridge University Press, hardback 1978, paperback 2005 ISBN 0-521-02055-7).

==See also==
* [[Gospel harmony]]

==References==

== External links ==
* [http://books.google.pl/books?id=PqcUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Symbolae criticae ad supplendas et corrigendas variarum N. T. lectionum collectiones''] (Halle, 1793)
* [http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&id=BLk9AAAAIAAJ&dq=graece&printsec=frontcover&source 1809 edition Novum Testamentum Graece]
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/hkaindiathkgrie00bassgoog#page/n14/mode/2up ''Hē Kainē Diathēkē: Griesbach's text, with the various readings of Mill and Scholz''] (London 1859)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Griesbach, Johann Jakob}}
[[Category:1745 births]]
[[Category:1812 deaths]]
[[Category:German theologians]]
[[Category:Biblical scholars]]
[[Category:People from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
[[Category:University of Leipzig alumni]]
[[Category:University of Tübingen alumni]]
[[Category:University of Jena faculty]]