Inscription - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* External links */

2016-03-12T03:13:47Z

External links

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	[[Category:Inscriptions]]		[[Category:Inscriptions]]
	[[Category:Greek loanwords]]		[[Category:Greek loanwords]]

			{{Donate}}

Nick: /* Notable inscriptions */

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Notable inscriptions

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	===Notable inscriptions===		===Notable inscriptions===
	~~<div class="references-small">~~
	~~{{col-begin}}~~
	~~{{col-break\|width=50%}}~~
	* [[Behistun Inscription]]		* [[Behistun Inscription]]
	* [[Bitola inscription]]		* [[Bitola inscription]]
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	* [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]		* [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]
	* [[INRI]]		* [[INRI]]
	~~{{col-break\|width=50%}}~~
	* [[Inscription of Abercius]]		* [[Inscription of Abercius]]
	* [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]]		* [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]]
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	* [[Shugborough inscription]]		* [[Shugborough inscription]]
	* [[Thebes tablets]]		* [[Thebes tablets]]
	~~{{col-end}}~~
	</div>		</div>

Nick: /* External links */

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External links

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 ==External links==
 [[Category:Historiography]]
 [[Category:Archaeological sub-disciplines]]
 [[Category:Inscriptions]]
 [[Category:Greek loanwords]]

Nick: Protected "Inscription" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2009-12-11T22:17:01Z

Protected "Inscription" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:17, 11 December 2009
(No difference)

Nick: /* References */

2009-12-11T22:16:25Z

References

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	== References ==		== References ==
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	==External links==		==External links==

Nick at 22:14, 11 December 2009

2009-12-11T22:14:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:14, 11 December 2009
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	[[Image:Piedra Rosseta.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|The [[Rosetta Stone]] in the [[British Museum]].]]		[[Image:Piedra Rosseta.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|The [[Rosetta Stone]] in the [[British Museum]].]]
	'''Epigraphy''' (from the ''ἐπιγραφή'' ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing", "inscription"<sup>[1]</sup>)}} is the study of [[inscription]]s or [[epigraph]]s as [[writing]]; that is, the science of identifying the [[grapheme]]s and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be deduced concerning the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy is the historical significance of an epigraph as a [[document]] or the artistic value of a [[literature\|literary]] composition.		'''Epigraphy''' (from the ''ἐπιγραφή'' ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing", "inscription"<sup>[1]</sup>) is the study of [[inscription]]s or [[epigraph]]s as [[writing]]; that is, the science of identifying the [[grapheme]]s and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be deduced concerning the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy is the historical significance of an epigraph as a [[document]] or the artistic value of a [[literature\|literary]] composition.

	A person utilizing the methods of epigraphy is called an ''epigrapher'' or ''epigraphist''. For example, the [[Behistun inscription]] is an official [[document]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] engraved on native rock at a location in [[Iran]]. Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of [[historian]]s, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often epigraphy and history are competances practiced by the same person; sometimes not.		A person utilizing the methods of epigraphy is called an ''epigrapher'' or ''epigraphist''. For example, the [[Behistun inscription]] is an official [[document]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] engraved on native rock at a location in [[Iran]]. Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of [[historian]]s, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often epigraphy and history are competances practiced by the same person; sometimes not.

Nick at 22:14, 11 December 2009

2009-12-11T22:14:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:14, 11 December 2009
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	[[Image:Piedra Rosseta.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|The [[Rosetta Stone]] in the [[British Museum]].]]		[[Image:Piedra Rosseta.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|The [[Rosetta Stone]] in the [[British Museum]].]]
	'''Epigraphy''' (from the ~~{{lang-el\|~~''ἐπιγραφή''}} ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing", ~~{{nowrap\|~~"inscription"<~~ref~~>~~{{cite encyclopedia\|title=Epigraph\|encyclopedia=Online Etymology Dictionary\|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=epigraph}}~~</~~ref~~>)}} is the study of [[~~wikt:inscription\|~~inscription]]s or [[~~wikt:epigraph\|~~epigraph]]s as [[writing]]; that is, the science of identifying the [[grapheme]]s and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be deduced concerning the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy is the historical significance of an epigraph as a [[document]] or the artistic value of a [[literature\|literary]] composition.		'''Epigraphy''' (from the ''ἐπιγραφή'' ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing", "inscription"<sup>[1]</sup>)}} is the study of [[inscription]]s or [[epigraph]]s as [[writing]]; that is, the science of identifying the [[grapheme]]s and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be deduced concerning the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy is the historical significance of an epigraph as a [[document]] or the artistic value of a [[literature\|literary]] composition.

	A person utilizing the methods of epigraphy is called an ''epigrapher'' or ''epigraphist''. For example, the [[Behistun inscription]] is an official [[document]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] engraved on native rock at a location in [[Iran]]. Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of [[historian]]s, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often epigraphy and history are competances practiced by the same person; sometimes not.		A person utilizing the methods of epigraphy is called an ''epigrapher'' or ''epigraphist''. For example, the [[Behistun inscription]] is an official [[document]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] engraved on native rock at a location in [[Iran]]. Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of [[historian]]s, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often epigraphy and history are competances practiced by the same person; sometimes not.

Nick: New page: The [[Rosetta Stone in the British Museum.]] '''Epigraphy''' (from the {{lang-el|''ἐπιγραφή''}} ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing...

2009-12-11T22:12:52Z

New page: thumb|300px|The [[Rosetta Stone in the British Museum.]] '''Epigraphy''' (from the {{lang-el|''ἐπιγραφή''}} ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing...

New page

[[Image:Piedra Rosseta.JPG|thumb|300px|The [[Rosetta Stone]] in the [[British Museum]].]]
'''Epigraphy''' (from the {{lang-el|''ἐπιγραφή''}} ''epi-graphē'', literally "on-writing", {{nowrap|"inscription"<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Epigraph|encyclopedia=Online Etymology Dictionary|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=epigraph}}</ref>)}} is the study of [[wikt:inscription|inscription]]s or [[wikt:epigraph|epigraph]]s as [[writing]]; that is, the science of identifying the [[grapheme]]s and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be deduced concerning the writing and the writers. Specifically excluded from epigraphy is the historical significance of an epigraph as a [[document]] or the artistic value of a [[literature|literary]] composition.

A person utilizing the methods of epigraphy is called an ''epigrapher'' or ''epigraphist''. For example, the [[Behistun inscription]] is an official [[document]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] engraved on native rock at a location in [[Iran]]. Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of [[historian]]s, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often epigraphy and history are competances practiced by the same person; sometimes not.

An epigraph is any sort of text from a single grapheme, such as a pot mark abbreviating the name of the merchant shipping commodities in the pot, to a lengthy document such as a treaty, or a work of literature such as a commemorative poem or a [[hagiography|hagiographic]] prescription. Epigraphy overlaps other competances such as [[numismatics]] or [[palaeography]]. Most inscriptions are short compared to books. The media and the forms of the graphemes can be any whatever: [[engraving]]s in stone or metal, scratches on rock, impressions in wax, [[Repoussé and chasing|embossing]] on cast metal, [[cameo (carving)|cameo]] or [[intaglio]] on precious stones, painting on [[ceramic]] or in [[fresco]]. Typically the material is durable, but the durability might be an accident of circumstance, such as the baking of a clay tablet in a conflagration. Modern inscriptions might be chalk graffiti on a sidewalk, sky writing, a tracing with the finger in the condensed moisture from a breath on glass, or in [[criminology]] less propitious media. Traces of such temporary epigraphs preserved by chance are often of great interest.

== Scope ==
Epigraphy is a primary tool of [[archaeology]] when dealing with literate cultures. The US Library of Congress classifies epigraphy as one of the [[Library of Congress Classification|"Auxiliary Sciences of History"]]. Epigraphy also helps identify a [[forgery]]: epigraphic evidence formed part of the discussion concerning the [[James Ossuary]].

The study of ancient [[handwriting]], usually in ink, is a separate field, [[Palaeography]].

The character of the writing, the subject of epigraphy, is a matter quite separate from the nature of the text, which is studied in itself. Texts inscribed in stone are usually for public view and so they are essentially different from the written texts of each culture. Not all inscribed texts are public, however: in [[Mycenaean Greece]] the deciphered texts of "[[Linear B]]" were revealed to be largely used for economic and administrative record keeping. Informal inscribed texts are "[[graffiti]]" in its original sense.

== History ==
The science of epigraphy has been developing steadily since the [[Middle Ages]]. Principles of epigraphy varied culture by culture, with [[Sociology in medieval Islam#World history|Arabic historians]] concentrating on various [[ancient Near East]]ern inscriptions, [[Song Dynasty#Archaeology|Chinese historians]] concentrating on ancient [[Chinese character|Chinese]] inscriptions, and European historians concentrating on [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] inscriptions at first. Individual contributions have been made by epigraphers such as [[Dhul-Nun al-Misri]] (786-859), [[Sociology in medieval Islam#Paleography|Abu al-Hassan al-Hamadani]] (d. 945), [[Ibn Wahshiyya]] (10th century), [[Shen Kuo]] (1031-1095), [[Georg Fabricius]] (1516–1571), [[August Wilhelm Zumpt]] (1815–1877), [[Theodor Mommsen]] (1817–1903), [[Emil Hübner]] (1834–1901), [[Franz Cumont]] (1868–1947) and [[Louis Robert]] (1904–1985).

The [[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]], begun by Mommsen and other scholars, has been published in Berlin since 1863, with wartime interruptions. It is the largest and most extensive collection of Latin inscriptions. New [[Book|fascicles]] are still produced as the recovery of inscriptions continues. The ''Corpus'' is arranged geographically: all inscriptions from Rome are contained in volume 6. This volume has the greatest number of inscriptions; volume 6, part 8, fascicle 3 was just recently published (2000). Specialists depend on such on-going series of volumes in which newly-discovered inscriptions are published, often in Latin, not unlike the biologists' ''Zoological Record''— the raw material of history.

Greek epigraphy has unfolded in the hands of a different team, with different [[text corpus|corpora]]. There are two. The first is ''Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum'' of which four volumes came out, again at Berlin, 1825-1877. This marked a first attempt at a comprehensive publication of Greek inscriptions copied from all over the Greek-speaking world. Only advanced students still consult it, for better editions of the texts have superseded it. The second, modern corpus is ''[[Inscriptiones Graecae]]'' arranged geographically under categories: decrees, catalogues, honorary titles, funeral inscriptions, various., all presented in Latin, to preserve the international neutrality of the field of [[classics]].

Other such series include the ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum]]'' (Etruscan inscriptions), ''Corpus Inscriptionum Crucesignatorum Terrae Sanctae'' (Crusaders' inscriptions), ''Corpus Inscriptionum Insularum Celticarum,'' (Celtic inscriptions), ''Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum'' (Iranian inscriptions) and so forth.

==See also==
===Related fields of study===
<div class="references-small">
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* [[EpiDoc]]
* [[Leiden Conventions]]
* [[Numismatics]]
* [[Palaeography]], the study of [[handwriting]]
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* [[Orthography]]
* [[Papyrology]]
* [[Typography]]
* [[Writing system]]
{{col-end}}
</div>

===Types of inscription===
<div class="references-small">
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
*[[Abecedarium]]
*[[Bookplate|Ex libris]]
*[[Chronogram]]
* ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]''
*[[Indian_copper_plate_inscriptions | Copper plate inscriptions]]
*[[Early Indian epigraphy]]
*[[Epitaph]] on a [[headstone]]
* [[Graffiti]]
*[[Hero stone]]
*[[History of Latin]]
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* ''[[Inscriptiones Graecae]]'' and ''[[Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum]]''
*[[Memento mori]]
*[[Monumental inscription]]
* [[Ogham]]
*[[Ogham inscription]]
* [[Old Turkic script]]
* [[Petroglyph]]
* [[History of the Arabic alphabet|Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions]]
*[[Runestone]]
*[[Stoichedon]]
{{col-end}}
</div>

===Notable inscriptions===
<div class="references-small">
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* [[Behistun Inscription]]
* [[Bitola inscription]]
* [[Bryggen inscriptions]]
* [[Decree of Themistocles]]
* [[Dipylon inscription]]
* [[Duenos Inscription]]
* [[Edicts of Ashoka]]
* [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]
* [[INRI]]
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* [[Inscription of Abercius]]
* [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]]
* [[La Mojarra Stela 1]]
* [[Malia altar stone]]
* [[Phaistos Disc]]
* [[Res Gestae Divi Augusti]]
* [[Rosetta Stone]]
* [[Shugborough inscription]]
* [[Thebes tablets]]
{{col-end}}
</div>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionarypar|epigraphy|inscription}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Epigraphy}}
<div class="references-small">
* {{cite web|title=U.S. Epigraphy Project|url=http://usepigraphy.brown.edu/|first=John|last=Bodel|publisher=Brown University|date=1997-2009|format=html|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Inscriptions de la Mésie Supérieure|url=http://www.moesia-superior.rs/ims/list.html|language=French|author=Centre d'études épigraphiques et numismatiques de la faculté de Philosophie de l'Université de Beograd|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents|url=http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University|date=1995-2009|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|first=Manfred|last=Clauss|title=Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss-Slaby|url=http://www.manfredclauss.de/gb/index.html/|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=EAGLE: Electronic Archive of Greek and Latin Epigraphy|url=http://www.eagle-eagle.it/|language=Italian|publisher=Federazione Internazionale di Banche dati Epigrafiche presso il Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare "Beniamino Segre" - Roma|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
** {{cite web|title=Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/sonst/adw/edh/index.html.en|date=1986-2007|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
** {{cite web|title=EDR Epigraphic Database Roma|url=http://www.edr-edr.it/|language=Italian|author=International Federation of Epigraphic Databases|publisher=Association Internationale d'Épigraphie Grecque et Latine - AIEGL|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
** {{cite web|title=Epigraphic Database Bari: Documenti epigrafici romani di committenza cristiana - Secoli III - VIII|url=http://www.edb.uniba.it/|language=Italian|author=International Federation of Epigraphic Databases|publisher=Association Internationale d'Épigraphie Grecque et Latine - AIEGL|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|author=Greek Epigraphy Project, Cornell University|coauthors=Epigraphical Center, Ohio State University|title=Searchable Greek Inscriptions|url=http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/|date=2009|publisher=[[Packard Humanities Institute]]|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Epigraphic database for ancient Asia Minor|url=http://www.epigraphik.uni-hamburg.de/|publisher=Universität Hamburg|date=1993-2009|author=The Institute for Ancient History|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|first=Joyce |last=Reynolds|first2=Charlotte |last2=Roueché|first3=Gabriel |last3=Bodard|title=Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (IAph2007)|date=2007|url=http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/iaph2007|publisher=King's College|location=London|id=ISBN 978-1-897747-19-3}}
* {{cite web|title=The American Society for Greek and Latin Epigraphy (ASGLE)|url=http://www.case.edu/artsci/clsc/asgle/|publisher=Case Western Reserve University|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
* {{cite web|title=Ubi Erat Lupa|url=http://www.ubi-erat-lupa.org/|publisher=Universität Salzburg|language=German|accessdate=22 November 2009}}
</div>
[[Category:Historiography]]
[[Category:Archaeological sub-disciplines]]
[[Category:Inscriptions]]
[[Category:Greek loanwords]]