Greek language - Revision history

Nick at 23:14, 17 March 2016

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	'''Greek''' or '''Hellenic''' ([[Modern Greek]]: ελληνικά [eliniˈka], ''elliniká'', "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα [eliniˈci ˈɣlosa], ''ellinikí glóssa'', "Greek language") is an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, native to the southern [[Balkans]], the [[Aegean Islands]], western [[Asia Minor]], parts of northern and [[Eastern Anatolia]] and the [[Caucasian Greeks\|South Caucasus]], southern [[Italy]], [[Albania]] and [[Cyprus]]. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the [[Greek alphabet]] for the majority of its history; other systems, such as [[Linear B]] and the [[Cypriot syllabary]], were used previously. The alphabet arose from the [[Phoenician alphabet\|Phoenician script]] and was in turn the basis of the [[Latin script\|Latin]], [[Cyrillic]], [[Armenian alphabet\|Armenian]], [[Coptic alphabet\|Coptic]], [[Gothic alphabet\|Gothic]] and many other writing systems.		'''Greek''' or '''Hellenic''' ([[Modern Greek]]: ελληνικά [eliniˈka], ''elliniká'', "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα [eliniˈci ˈɣlosa], ''ellinikí glóssa'', "Greek language") is an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, native to the southern [[Balkans]], the [[Aegean Islands]], western [[Asia Minor]], parts of northern and [[Eastern Anatolia]] and the [[Caucasian Greeks\|South Caucasus]], southern [[Italy]], [[Albania]] and [[Cyprus]]. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the [[Greek alphabet]] for the majority of its history; other systems, such as [[Linear B]] and the [[Cypriot syllabary]], were used previously. The alphabet arose from the [[Phoenician alphabet\|Phoenician script]] and was in turn the basis of the [[Latin script\|Latin]], [[Cyrillic]], [[Armenian alphabet\|Armenian]], [[Coptic alphabet\|Coptic]], [[Gothic alphabet\|Gothic]] and many other writing systems.

			The Greek language holds an important place in the histories of [[Europe]], the more loosely defined [[Western world]], and [[Christianity]]; the canon of [[ancient Greek literature]] includes works of monumental importance and influence for the future [[Western literature\|Western canon]] such as the epic poems ''[[Iliad]]'' and ''[[Odyssey]]''. Greek was also the language in which many of the foundational texts of [[Western philosophy]], such as the [[Platonic dialogue]]s and the works of [[Aristotle]], were composed; the [[New Testament]] of the Christian [[Bible]] was written in [[Koiné Greek]]. Together with the [[Latin language\|Latin]] texts and traditions of the [[Roman world]], the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of [[Classics]].

			During [[classical antiquity]], Greek was a widely spoken [[lingua franca]] in the Mediterranean world and beyond. It would eventually become the official parlance of the [[Byzantine Empire]] and develop into [[Medieval Greek]]. In its [[Modern Greek\|modern form]], the Greek language is the official language in two countries, Greece and Cyprus, a recognised minority language in seven other countries, and is one of the 24 [[Languages of the European Union#Official EU languages\|official languages of the European Union]]. The language is spoken by at least 13 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, some parts of the Balkans, and the [[Greek diaspora]].

			Greek [[Root (linguistics)\|root]]s are often used to coin new words for other languages; Greek and [[Latin]] are the predominant sources of [[international scientific vocabulary]].

	==History==		==History==

Nick at 23:12, 17 March 2016

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	''For the Greek language used during particular eras, see [[Proto-Greek language\|Proto-Greek]], [[Mycenaean Greek]], [[Ancient Greek]], [[Koine Greek]], [[Medieval Greek]] and [[Modern Greek]].''		''For the Greek language used during particular eras, see [[Proto-Greek language\|Proto-Greek]], [[Mycenaean Greek]], [[Ancient Greek]], [[Koine Greek]], [[Medieval Greek]] and [[Modern Greek]].''

	'''Greek''' or '''Hellenic'''([[Modern Greek]]: ελληνικά [eliniˈka], ''elliniká'', "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα [eliniˈci ˈɣlosa], ''ellinikí glóssa'', "Greek language") is an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, native to the southern [[Balkans]], the [[Aegean Islands]], western [[Asia Minor]], parts of northern and [[Eastern Anatolia]] and the [[Caucasian Greeks\|South Caucasus]], southern [[Italy]], [[Albania]] and [[Cyprus]]. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the [[Greek alphabet]] for the majority of its history; other systems, such as [[Linear B]] and the [[Cypriot syllabary]], were used previously. The alphabet arose from the [[Phoenician alphabet\|Phoenician script]] and was in turn the basis of the [[Latin script\|Latin]], [[Cyrillic]], [[Armenian alphabet\|Armenian]], [[Coptic alphabet\|Coptic]], [[Gothic alphabet\|Gothic]] and many other writing systems.		'''Greek''' or '''Hellenic''' ([[Modern Greek]]: ελληνικά [eliniˈka], ''elliniká'', "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα [eliniˈci ˈɣlosa], ''ellinikí glóssa'', "Greek language") is an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, native to the southern [[Balkans]], the [[Aegean Islands]], western [[Asia Minor]], parts of northern and [[Eastern Anatolia]] and the [[Caucasian Greeks\|South Caucasus]], southern [[Italy]], [[Albania]] and [[Cyprus]]. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the [[Greek alphabet]] for the majority of its history; other systems, such as [[Linear B]] and the [[Cypriot syllabary]], were used previously. The alphabet arose from the [[Phoenician alphabet\|Phoenician script]] and was in turn the basis of the [[Latin script\|Latin]], [[Cyrillic]], [[Armenian alphabet\|Armenian]], [[Coptic alphabet\|Coptic]], [[Gothic alphabet\|Gothic]] and many other writing systems.

	==History==		==History==

Nick at 21:33, 17 March 2016

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	''For the Greek language used during particular eras, see [[Proto-Greek language\|Proto-Greek]], [[Mycenaean Greek]], [[Ancient Greek]], [[Koine Greek]], [[Medieval Greek]] and [[Modern Greek]].''		''For the Greek language used during particular eras, see [[Proto-Greek language\|Proto-Greek]], [[Mycenaean Greek]], [[Ancient Greek]], [[Koine Greek]], [[Medieval Greek]] and [[Modern Greek]].''

	'''Greek''' (ελληνικά, ~~e̞liniˈka or~~ ελληνική γλώσσα, ~~e̞liniˈkʲi ˈɣlo̞sa~~), an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, is the ~~language~~ of the [[Greeks]]~~. Native to the~~ southern [[~~Balkans~~]], it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records.~~<sup>~~[]~~</sup> In~~ its ~~ancient form~~, ~~it is the language of classical~~ [[~~ancient Greek literature~~]] and the [[~~New Testament~~]] of the ~~Christian Bible. In its modern form, it is~~ the ~~official language~~ of [[~~Greece~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~Cyprus~~]], ~~and spoken by approximately 20 million people (first language for ca. 15 million)~~, ~~including~~ [[~~Greek diaspora~~\|~~minority and emigrant communities~~]] ~~in numerous parts of the world. Its written form uses the~~ [[~~Greek~~ alphabet]].		'''Greek''' or '''Hellenic'''([[Modern Greek]]: ελληνικά [eliniˈka], ''elliniká'', "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα [eliniˈci ˈɣlosa], ''ellinikí glóssa'', "Greek language") is an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, native to the southern [[Balkans]], the [[Aegean Islands]], western [[Asia Minor]], parts of northern and [[Eastern Anatolia]] and the [[Caucasian Greeks\|South Caucasus]], southern [[Italy]], [[Albania]] and [[Cyprus]]. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the [[Greek alphabet]] for the majority of its history; other systems, such as [[Linear B]] and the [[Cypriot syllabary]], were used previously. The alphabet arose from the [[Phoenician alphabet\|Phoenician script]] and was in turn the basis of the [[Latin script\|Latin]], [[Cyrillic]], [[Armenian alphabet\|Armenian]], [[Coptic alphabet\|Coptic]], [[Gothic alphabet\|Gothic]] and many other writing systems.

	==History==		==History==

Nick at 21:03, 17 March 2016

2016-03-17T21:03:02Z

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			''For the Greek language used during particular eras, see [[Proto-Greek language\|Proto-Greek]], [[Mycenaean Greek]], [[Ancient Greek]], [[Koine Greek]], [[Medieval Greek]] and [[Modern Greek]].''

	'''Greek''' (ελληνικά, e̞liniˈka or ελληνική γλώσσα, e̞liniˈkʲi ˈɣlo̞sa), an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, is the language of the [[Greeks]]. Native to the southern [[Balkans]], it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records.<sup>[]</sup> In its ancient form, it is the language of classical [[ancient Greek literature]] and the [[New Testament]] of the Christian Bible. In its modern form, it is the official language of [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]], and spoken by approximately 20 million people (first language for ca. 15 million), including [[Greek diaspora\|minority and emigrant communities]] in numerous parts of the world. Its written form uses the [[Greek alphabet]].		'''Greek''' (ελληνικά, e̞liniˈka or ελληνική γλώσσα, e̞liniˈkʲi ˈɣlo̞sa), an independent branch of the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] family of languages, is the language of the [[Greeks]]. Native to the southern [[Balkans]], it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records.<sup>[]</sup> In its ancient form, it is the language of classical [[ancient Greek literature]] and the [[New Testament]] of the Christian Bible. In its modern form, it is the official language of [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]], and spoken by approximately 20 million people (first language for ca. 15 million), including [[Greek diaspora\|minority and emigrant communities]] in numerous parts of the world. Its written form uses the [[Greek alphabet]].

Nick: /* History */

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History

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	* '''[[Modern Greek]]''': Stemming from [[Medieval]] Greek, Modern Greek usages can be traced in the Byzantine period, as early as 11th century. It is the language used by modern Greeks and apart from Standard Modern Greek, there are several [[Varieties of Modern Greek\|dialects]] of it.		* '''[[Modern Greek]]''': Stemming from [[Medieval]] Greek, Modern Greek usages can be traced in the Byzantine period, as early as 11th century. It is the language used by modern Greeks and apart from Standard Modern Greek, there are several [[Varieties of Modern Greek\|dialects]] of it.

	~~{{History of the Greek language}}~~
	The tradition of [[diglossia]], the simultaneous existence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of Greek, was renewed in the modern era in the form of a polarization between two competing varieties: [[Dimotiki]], the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and [[Katharevousa]], meaning 'purified', an imitation of classical Greek, which was developed in the early 19th century and used for literary, juridic, administrative and scientific purposes in the newly formed modern Greek state. The [[Greek language question\|diglossia problem]] was brought to an end in 1976 (Law 306/1976), when Dimotikí was declared the official language of Greece and it is still in use for all official purposes and in education, having incorporated features of Katharevousa and giving birth to Standard Greek.		The tradition of [[diglossia]], the simultaneous existence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of Greek, was renewed in the modern era in the form of a polarization between two competing varieties: [[Dimotiki]], the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and [[Katharevousa]], meaning 'purified', an imitation of classical Greek, which was developed in the early 19th century and used for literary, juridic, administrative and scientific purposes in the newly formed modern Greek state. The [[Greek language question\|diglossia problem]] was brought to an end in 1976 (Law 306/1976), when Dimotikí was declared the official language of Greece and it is still in use for all official purposes and in education, having incorporated features of Katharevousa and giving birth to Standard Greek.

	Historical unity and continuing identity between the various stages of the Greek language is often emphasised. Although Greek has undergone morphological and phonological changes comparable to those seen in other languages, there has been no time in its history since classical antiquity where its cultural, literary, and orthographic tradition was interrupted to such an extent that one can easily speak of a new language emerging. Greek speakers today still tend to regard literary works of ancient Greek as part of their own rather than a foreign language.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ It is also often estimated that the historical changes have been relatively slight compared with some other languages. According to one estimation, "Homeric Greek is probably closer to demotic than twelfth-century Middle English is to modern spoken English."~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Ancient Greek texts, especially from Biblical Koine onwards, are thus relatively easy to understand for educated modern speakers. The perception of historical unity is also strengthened by the fact that Greek has not split up into a group of separate national daughter languages, as happened with Latin.		Historical unity and continuing identity between the various stages of the Greek language is often emphasised. Although Greek has undergone morphological and phonological changes comparable to those seen in other languages, there has been no time in its history since classical antiquity where its cultural, literary, and orthographic tradition was interrupted to such an extent that one can easily speak of a new language emerging. Greek speakers today still tend to regard literary works of ancient Greek as part of their own rather than a foreign language. It is also often estimated that the historical changes have been relatively slight compared with some other languages. According to one estimation, "Homeric Greek is probably closer to demotic than twelfth-century Middle English is to modern spoken English." Ancient Greek texts, especially from Biblical Koine onwards, are thus relatively easy to understand for educated modern speakers. The perception of historical unity is also strengthened by the fact that Greek has not split up into a group of separate national daughter languages, as happened with Latin.

	Greek words have been widely borrowed into the [[Languages of Europe\|European languages]], including [[English language\|English]]: ''[[mathematics]]'', ''[[astronomy]]'', ''[[democracy]]'', ''[[philosophy]]'', ''[[thespian]]'', ''[[athletics]], [[theater]], [[rhetoric]]'' etc. Moreover, Greek words and [[Morpheme\|word elements]] continue to be productive as a basis for coinages: ''[[anthropology]]'', ''[[photography]]'', ''[[isomer]]'', ''[[biomechanics]]'', ''[[~~wiktionary:Cinema\|~~cinema]], [[physics]]'' etc. and form, with Latin words, the foundation of international scientific and technical vocabulary, e.g. all words ending with "-''logy''" ("discourse"). An estimated 12% of the [[English words of Greek origin\|English vocabulary has Greek origin]], while numerous [[List of Greek words with English derivatives\|Greek words have English derivatives]].~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		Greek words have been widely borrowed into the [[Languages of Europe\|European languages]], including [[English language\|English]]: ''[[mathematics]]'', ''[[astronomy]]'', ''[[democracy]]'', ''[[philosophy]]'', ''[[thespian]]'', ''[[athletics]], [[theater]], [[rhetoric]]'' etc. Moreover, Greek words and [[Morpheme\|word elements]] continue to be productive as a basis for coinages: ''[[anthropology]]'', ''[[photography]]'', ''[[isomer]]'', ''[[biomechanics]]'', ''[[cinema]], [[physics]]'' etc. and form, with Latin words, the foundation of international scientific and technical vocabulary, e.g. all words ending with "-''logy''" ("discourse"). An estimated 12% of the [[English words of Greek origin\|English vocabulary has Greek origin]], while numerous [[List of Greek words with English derivatives\|Greek words have English derivatives]].

	==Geographic distribution==		==Geographic distribution==

Nick: /* History */

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History

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	==History==		==History==
	''See Also [[History of Greek]]''		''See Also [[History of Greek]]''

	Greek has been spoken in the [[Balkans\|Balkan Peninsula]] since around the late [[3rd millennium BC]]. The earliest written evidence is found in the [[Linear B]] [[clay tablet]]s in the "Room of the Chariot Tablets", an [[Minoan chronology\|LMIII A]]-context (c. 1400 BC) region of [[Knossos]], in [[Crete]], making Greek one of the world's [[List of languages by first written accounts\|oldest recorded]] [[Modern language\|living languages]]. Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest attestation is matched only by [[Vedic Sanskrit]] and the [[Extinct language\|extinct]] [[Anatolian languages]].		Greek has been spoken in the [[Balkans\|Balkan Peninsula]] since around the late [[3rd millennium BC]]. The earliest written evidence is found in the [[Linear B]] [[clay tablet]]s in the "Room of the Chariot Tablets", an [[Minoan chronology\|LMIII A]]-context (c. 1400 BC) region of [[Knossos]], in [[Crete]], making Greek one of the world's [[List of languages by first written accounts\|oldest recorded]] [[Modern language\|living languages]]. Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest attestation is matched only by [[Vedic Sanskrit]] and the [[Extinct language\|extinct]] [[Anatolian languages]].

Beza 1598 at 08:36, 5 March 2016

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	* [http://www.kenef.phil.uoi.gr/static/digital.htm Research lab of modern Greek philosophy], a large e-library of modern Greek texts/books.		* [http://www.kenef.phil.uoi.gr/static/digital.htm Research lab of modern Greek philosophy], a large e-library of modern Greek texts/books.
	* [http://www.thesavros.gr/ The Treasure of the Greek Language], a large collection of e-books from all stages of Greek language.		* [http://www.thesavros.gr/ The Treasure of the Greek Language], a large collection of e-books from all stages of Greek language.


	[[Category:Fusional languages]]		[[Category:Fusional languages]]
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	[[Category:Languages of Ukraine]]		[[Category:Languages of Ukraine]]
	[[Category:Varieties of Greek\|*]]		[[Category:Varieties of Greek\|*]]

			{{Donate}}

Nick: /* References */

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References

Nick: /* Dictionaries */

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Dictionaries

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	===Dictionaries===		===Dictionaries===

	* [http://www.in.gr/dictionary/lookup.asp Greek-English/English-Greek dictionary,] ~~{{el icon}}~~		* [http://www.in.gr/dictionary/lookup.asp Greek-English/English-Greek dictionary,]
	* [http://www.translatum.gr Translatum - The Greek translation Vortal] (Dictionaries and terminology forum)		* [http://www.translatum.gr Translatum - The Greek translation Vortal] (Dictionaries and terminology forum)
	* [http://greek-language.com/lexical.aids/ Greek Lexical Aids], descriptions of both online lexica (with appropriate links) and Greek Lexica in Print.		* [http://greek-language.com/lexical.aids/ Greek Lexical Aids], descriptions of both online lexica (with appropriate links) and Greek Lexica in Print.

Nick: /* Language learning */

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Language learning

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	* [http://greek.kihlman.eu Greek dictionary, tutorial and hangman program with texteditor], this shareware program is aimed at learning New Testament Greek.		* [http://greek.kihlman.eu Greek dictionary, tutorial and hangman program with texteditor], this shareware program is aimed at learning New Testament Greek.
	* [http://www.phigita.net/spell-check/ Greek spell checker]		* [http://www.phigita.net/spell-check/ Greek spell checker]
	* ~~{{el icon}}~~ [http://www.komvos.edu.gr/ komvos.edu.gr], a website for the support of people who are being taught the Greek language.		* [http://www.komvos.edu.gr/ komvos.edu.gr], a website for the support of people who are being taught the Greek language.
	*[http://www.ntgreek.net/ New Testament Greek] Three graduated courses designed to help students learn to read the Greek New Testament		*[http://www.ntgreek.net/ New Testament Greek] Three graduated courses designed to help students learn to read the Greek New Testament
	* [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/10573 a keyboard for typing greek characters for firefox]		* [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/10573 a keyboard for typing greek characters for firefox]
	*[http://www.pi-schools.gr/lessons/hellenic/ Books on Greek language that are taught at schools in Greece (page in Greek)]		* [http://www.pi-schools.gr/lessons/hellenic/ Books on Greek language that are taught at schools in Greece (page in Greek)]

	===Dictionaries===		===Dictionaries===

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	==References==		==References==
	1.~~^ a b c~~ "Greek". Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/grk.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-08.		* 1. "Greek". Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/grk.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
	2.~~^ a b c d~~ "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148". Council of Europe. http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1. Retrieved 2008-12-08.		* 2. "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148". Council of Europe. http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
	3.^ "An interview with Aziz Tamoyan, National Union of Yezidi". groong.usc.edu. http://groong.usc.edu/orig/ok-20040916.html. Retrieved 2008-12-08.		* 3. "An interview with Aziz Tamoyan, National Union of Yezidi". groong.usc.edu. http://groong.usc.edu/orig/ok-20040916.html. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
	4.^ "Greek language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244595/Greek-language. Retrieved 2008-11-04.		* 4. "Greek language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244595/Greek-language. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
	5.^ Browning, Robert. Medieval and Modern Greek. Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0521299780		* 5. Browning, Robert. Medieval and Modern Greek. Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0521299780
	6.^ Margaret Alexiou (1982): Diglossia in Greece. In: William Haas (1982): Standard Languages: Spoken and Written. Manchester University Press ND. ISBN 0389202916, 9780389202912		* 6. Margaret Alexiou (1982): Diglossia in Greece. In: William Haas (1982): Standard Languages: Spoken and Written. Manchester University Press ND. ISBN 0389202916, 9780389202912
	7.^ "Greek language". Columbia Encyclopedia. Bartleby.com. http://www.bartleby.com/65/gr/Greeklan.html. Retrieved 2008-12-08.		* 7. "Greek language". Columbia Encyclopedia. Bartleby.com. http://www.bartleby.com/65/gr/Greeklan.html. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
	8.^ The Constitution of Cyprus, App. D., Part 1, Art. 3 states that The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish. [1]. However, the official status of Turkish is only nominal in the Greek-dominated Republic of Cyprus; in practice, outside Turkish-dominated Northern Cyprus, Turkish is little used; see A. Arvaniti (2006): Erasure as a a means of maintaining diglossia in Cyprus, San Diego Linguistics Papers 2: 25-38. Page 27.		* 8. The Constitution of Cyprus, App. D., Part 1, Art. 3 states that The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish. [1]. However, the official status of Turkish is only nominal in the Greek-dominated Republic of Cyprus; in practice, outside Turkish-dominated Northern Cyprus, Turkish is little used; see A. Arvaniti (2006): Erasure as a a means of maintaining diglossia in Cyprus, San Diego Linguistics Papers 2: 25-38. Page 27.
	9.^ Angeliki Ralli, Μορφολογία [Morphology], Ekdoseis Pataki: Athens, 2001, pp. 164-203		* 9. Angeliki Ralli, Μορφολογία [Morphology], Ekdoseis Pataki: Athens, 2001, pp. 164-203
	10.^ The four cases that are found in all stages of Greek are the nominative, genitive, accusative, and vocative. The dative/locative of Ancient Greek disappeared in the late Hellenistic period, and the instrumental case of Mycenaean Greek disappeared in the Archaic period.		* 10. The four cases that are found in all stages of Greek are the nominative, genitive, accusative, and vocative. The dative/locative of Ancient Greek disappeared in the late Hellenistic period, and the instrumental case of Mycenaean Greek disappeared in the Archaic period.
	11.^ There is no particular morphological form that can be identified as 'subjunctive' in the modern language, but this term is sometimes encountered in descriptions, though the most complete modern grammar (Holton et al. 1997) does not use it, calling certain traditionally 'subjunctive' forms 'dependent', and for this reason most Greek linguists advocate abandoning the traditional terminology (Anna Roussou and Tasos Tsangalidis 2009, in Meletes gia tin Elliniki Glossa, Thessaloniki, Anastasia Giannakidou 2009 "Temporal semantics and polarity: The dependency of the subjunctive revisited", Lingua); see Modern Greek grammar for explication.		* 11. There is no particular morphological form that can be identified as 'subjunctive' in the modern language, but this term is sometimes encountered in descriptions, though the most complete modern grammar (Holton et al. 1997) does not use it, calling certain traditionally 'subjunctive' forms 'dependent', and for this reason most Greek linguists advocate abandoning the traditional terminology (Anna Roussou and Tasos Tsangalidis 2009, in Meletes gia tin Elliniki Glossa, Thessaloniki, Anastasia Giannakidou 2009 "Temporal semantics and polarity: The dependency of the subjunctive revisited", Lingua); see Modern Greek grammar for explication.

	==Sources==		==Sources==