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	== References ==		== References ==

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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Grammatical Conjunction}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Grammatical Conjunction}}

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Protected "Grammatical conjunction" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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References

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	[[Category:Grammar]]		[[Category:Grammar]]
	[[Category:Parts of speech]]		[[Category:Parts of speech]]

			* 1. Curzan, Anne; Adams, Michael (2009), How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction (2nd ed.), New York: Pearson Longman, p. 152, ISBN 9780205605507
			* 2. Merriam-webster.com
			* 3. Algeo, John. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns, 2006, Cambridge Univ. Press.
			* 4. Burchfield, R. W., editor, Fowler's Modern English Usage, third edition, 1996.
			* 5. Dryer, Matthew S. 2005. "Order of adverbial subordinator and clause". In The World Atlas of Language Structures, edited by Martin Haspelmath, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil, and Bernard Comrie. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199255911

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Nick: New page: In grammar, a '''conjunction''' (abbreviated '''conj''' or '''cnj''') is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or ...

2011-03-30T05:43:24Z

New page: In grammar, a '''conjunction''' (abbreviated '''conj''' or '''cnj''') is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or ...

New page

In [[grammar]], a '''conjunction''' ([[list of glossing abbreviations|abbreviated]] '''conj''' or '''cnj''') is a [[part of speech]] that connects two words, [[sentence]]s, [[phrase]]s or [[clause]]s together. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" should be defined for each [[language]]. In general, a conjunction is an invariable [[grammatical particle]], and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.

The definition can also be extended to idiomatic phrases that behave as a unit with the same function as a single-word conjunction (''as well as'', ''provided that'', etc.).

== Coordinating conjunctions ==
Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main clauses, or sentences. In English the [[mnemonic]] acronym ''FANBOYS'' can be used to remember the coordinators ''for'', ''and'', ''nor'', ''but'', ''or'', ''yet'', and ''so''.[1][2] These are not the only coordinating conjunctions; various others are used, including[3]ch. 9[4]p. 171 "and nor" (British), "but nor" (British), "or nor"(British), "neither" ("They don't gamble; neither do they smoke"), "no more" ("They don't gamble; no more do they smoke"), and "only" ("Can we perform? Only if we practise").

Here are the meanings and some examples of coordinating conjunctions in English:

*'''for:''' presents a reason ("He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking far too long.") (though "for" is more commonly used as a preposition)
*'''and:''' presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) ("They gamble, and they smoke.")
*'''nor:''' presents a non-contrasting negative idea ("They don't gamble, nor do they smoke.")
*'''but:''' presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, but they don't smoke.")
*'''or:''' presents an alternative item or idea ("Every day they gamble, or they smoke.")
*'''yet:''' presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, yet they don't smoke.")
*'''so:''' presents a consequence ("He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.")

== Correlative conjunctions ==
[[Correlative]] conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to coordinate two items. English examples include ''both…and'', ''[n]either…[n]or'', and ''not [only]…but [also]'', ''whether... or''.

Examples:

* '''Either''' do your work '''or''' prepare for a trip to the office.
* '''Not only''' is he handsome '''but''' he is '''also''' brilliant.
* '''Neither''' the basketball team '''nor''' the football team is doing well.
* '''Both''' the cross country team '''and''' the swimming team are doing well.
* '''Whether''' you stay '''or''' go is your decision.

== Subordinating conjunctions ==
Subordinating conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that introduce a [[dependent clause]]. The most common subordinating conjunctions in the English language include the following: ''after'', ''although'', ''as if'', ''as much as'', ''as long as'', ''as soon as'', ''as though'', ''because'', ''before'', ''but'', ''even if'', ''even though'', ''if'', ''in that'', ''in order that'', ''lest'', ''since'', ''so that'', ''than'', ''that'', ''though'', ''unless'', ''until'', ''when'', ''whenever'', ''where'', ''wherever'', ''whether'', and ''while''. [[Complementizer]]s can be considered to be special subordinating conjunctions that introduce [[complement (linguistics)|complement]] clauses (''e.g.'', "I wonder ''whether'' he'll be late. I hope ''that'' he'll be on time"). Some subordinating conjunctions (''until'', ''while''), when used to introduce a phrase instead of a full clause, become prepositions with identical meanings.

In many [[Subject Object Verb|verb-final]] [[language]]s, [[dependent clause|subordinate clauses]] ''must precede'' the [[main clause]] on which they depend. The equivalents to the subordinating conjunctions of non-verb-final languages such as English are either
* ''clause-final conjunctions'' (e.g. in [[Japanese language|Japanese]]), or
* ''[[suffix]]es'' attached to the [[verb]] and ''not'' separate words[5]

Such languages in fact often lack conjunctions as a [[part of speech]] because:
# the form of the [[verb]] used is formally nominalised and cannot occur in an independent clause
# the clause-final conjunction or suffix attached to the verb is actually formally a marker of [[Grammatical case|case]] and is also used on [[noun]]s to indicate certain functions. In this sense, the subordinate clauses of these languages have much in common with [[adpositional phrase|postpositional phrases]].

In other West-Germanic languages like German or Dutch, the word order after a subordinating conjunction is different from the one in an independent clause, e.g. in Dutch ''want'' (for) is coordinating, but ''omdat'' (because) is subordinating. Compare:
:Hij gaat naar huis, ''want'' hij '''is''' ziek. – He goes home, for he is ill.
:Hij gaat naar huis, ''omdat'' hij ziek '''is'''. – He goes home because he is ill.

Similarly, in German, "denn" (for) is coordinating, but "weil" (because) is subordating:
:Er geht nach Hause, '''denn''' er '''ist''' krank. – He goes home, for he is ill.
:Er geht nach Hause, '''weil''' er krank '''ist'''. – He goes home because he is ill.

== See also ==
{{div col|3}}
*[[Asyndeton]]
*[[Conjunctive adverb]]
*[[Conjunctive mood]], sometimes used with conjunctions
*[[Logical conjunction]]
*[[On a white bus]]
*[[Polysyndeton]]
*[[Relativizer]]
*[[Syndeton]]

{{div col end}}

== References ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grammatical Conjunction}}

[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Parts of speech]]

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	*[[Asyndeton]]		*[[Asyndeton]]
	*[[Conjunctive adverb]]		*[[Conjunctive adverb]]
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	*[[Relativizer]]		*[[Relativizer]]
	*[[Syndeton]]		*[[Syndeton]]

	~~{{div col end}}~~

	== References ==		== References ==

Grammatical conjunction - Revision history

KJV: Template:Donate

Nick: Protected "Grammatical conjunction" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

Nick: /* References */

Nick: /* See also */

Nick: New page: In grammar, a '''conjunction''' (abbreviated '''conj''' or '''cnj''') is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or ...