Alba Bible - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* Other references */

2016-03-16T06:10:25Z

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	[[Category:Judeo-Christian topics]]		[[Category:Judeo-Christian topics]]
	[[Category:Hebrew Bible]]		[[Category:Hebrew Bible]]

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Nick: Protected "Alba Bible" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2012-01-14T02:24:46Z

Protected "Alba Bible" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 02:24, 14 January 2012
(No difference)

Nick at 02:24, 14 January 2012

2012-01-14T02:24:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:24, 14 January 2012
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	The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a 1430 translation of the [[Old Testament]] made directly from [[Hebrew]] into [[Mediaeval Castilian]], one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance language]]. The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, [[rabbi]] of the [[Judaism\|Jewish]] community of [[Maqueda]] in the [[Spain\|Spanish]] province of [[Toledo (province)\|Toledo]], at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious [[Order of Calatrava]].<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>		The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a [[1430 AD\|1430]] translation of the [[Old Testament]] made directly from [[Hebrew]] into [[Mediaeval Castilian]], one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance language]]. The translation was carried out under the direction of [[Moses Arragel]], [[rabbi]] of the [[Judaism\|Jewish]] community of [[Maqueda]] in the [[Spain\|Spanish]] province of [[Toledo (province)\|Toledo]], at the behest of [[Don Luis de Guzmán]], Grand Master of the military-religious [[Order of Calatrava]].<sup>[1]</sup><sup>[2]</sup><sup>[3]</sup>

	==History==		==History==
	During the 15th century, many people within Spanish society held hostile views toward Jews. In the aftermath of a series of anti-Semitic riots centered in Madrid,<sup>[]</sup> Don Luis de Guzmán believed that he could help heal the rift and build a bridge of understanding between Christians and Jews by commissioning a Castilian translation of the Old Testament from the original [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], accompanied by commentary from Jewish scholars interpreting the text of their holy book.<sup>[]</sup>		During the 15th century, many people within Spanish society held hostile views toward [[Jews]]. In the aftermath of a series of anti-Semitic riots centered in Madrid,<sup>[4]</sup> Don Luis de Guzmán believed that he could help heal the rift and build a bridge of understanding between Christians and Jews by commissioning a [[Mediaeval Castilian\|Castilian]] translation of the [[Old Testament]] from the original [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]], accompanied by commentary from Jewish scholars interpreting the text of their holy book.<sup>[5]</sup>

	On April 5, 1422, Don Luis de Guzmán initiated his project by sending a letter to rabbi Moses Arragel inviting him to compose ''"vna biblia en rromançe, glosada e ystoriada."'' It is not known what convinced rabbi Arragel to accept as he initially demurred in an extensive reply letter to Guzmán. Nevertheless, eight years later the bible was completed.<sup>[]</sup>		On April 5, [[1422 AD\|1422]], [[Don Luis de Guzmán]] initiated his project by sending a letter to rabbi [[Moses Arragel]] inviting him to compose ''"vna biblia en rromançe, glosada e ystoriada."'' It is not known what convinced rabbi [[Moses Arragel\|Arragel]] to accept as he initially demurred in an extensive reply letter to [[Don Luis de Guzmán\|Guzmán]]. Nevertheless, eight years later the bible was completed.<sup>[6]</sup>

	From 1492, the year in which the [[Alhambra Decree]] issued mandating the expulsion of all Jews from Spain, until 1622, when it resurfaced in the Palace of Liria owned by the [[House of Alba]], the whereabouts of the Alba Bible were unknown. In 1992, to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the expulsion, Mauricio Hatchwell Toledano, President of the Fundacion Amigos de Sefarad published 500 copies in an exact [[facsimile]] edition, one of which was given to [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]], the reigning [[List of Spanish monarchs\|King of Spain]].<sup>[]</sup>		From [[1492 AD\|1492]], the year in which the [[Alhambra Decree]] issued mandating the expulsion of all [[Jews]] from [[Spain]], until [[1622 AD\|1622]], when it resurfaced in the Palace of Liria owned by the [[House of Alba]], the whereabouts of the Alba Bible were unknown. In [[1992 AD\|1992]], to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the expulsion, Mauricio Hatchwell Toledano, President of the Fundacion Amigos de Sefarad published 500 copies in an exact [[facsimile]] edition, one of which was given to [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]], the reigning [[List of Spanish monarchs\|King of Spain]].<sup>[7]</sup>

	Today the original Alba Bible is preserved by the [[House of Alba]], and is on exhibition in the [[Liria Palace\|Palace of Liria]], in [[Madrid]]. The original Bible has been valued at 2.5 million [[euro]]s.<sup>[]</sup> Copies of the 500 limited edition [[facsimile]] copies reproduced in 1992 sell for upwards of 44,000 US dollars.<sup>[]</sup>		Today the original Alba Bible is preserved by the [[House of Alba]], and is on exhibition in the [[Liria Palace\|Palace of Liria]], in [[Madrid]]. The original Bible has been valued at 2.5 million [[euro]]s.<sup>[3]</sup> Copies of the 500 limited edition [[facsimile]] copies reproduced in [[1992 AD\|1992]] sell for upwards of 44,000 US dollars.<sup>[8]</sup>

	==Composition==		==Composition==
	The work comprises 513 pages and a rich collection of 334 miniatures that illustrate passages from the religious text. Although the text of the Alba Bible was the product of Rabbi Arragel, the elaborate artistic detail is wholly the product of [[Franciscan Order\|Franciscans]] of [[Toledo, Spain\|Toledo]].<sup>[]</sup>		The work comprises 513 pages and a rich collection of 334 miniatures that illustrate passages from the religious text. Although the text of the Alba Bible was the product of [[Moses Arragel\|Rabbi Arragel]], the elaborate artistic detail is wholly the product of [[Franciscan Order\|Franciscans]] of [[Toledo, Spain\|Toledo]].<sup>[7]</sup>

	The Alba Bible contains a series of comments on the writing of both Jewish and Christian theologians, including [[Abraham ibn Ezra]], [[Maimonides]], [[Nahmanides]], R. [[Joseph Kimhi]], R. [[Asher ben Jehiel]], [[Shlomo ben Aderet]], R. Ya'acob and [[Nissim of Gerona]].<sup>[]</sup> There is also commentary taken from rabbinic literary sources such as the [[Talmud]] and the [[Midrash]].<sup>[]</sup>		The Alba Bible contains a series of comments on the writing of both Jewish and Christian theologians, including [[Abraham ibn Ezra]], [[Maimonides]], [[Nahmanides]], R. [[Joseph Kimhi]], R. [[Asher ben Jehiel]], [[Shlomo ben Aderet]], R. Ya'acob and [[Nissim of Gerona]].<sup>[9]</sup> There is also commentary taken from rabbinic literary sources such as the [[Talmud]] and the [[Midrash]].<sup>[10]</sup>

	Inserted at the beginning of the original work are 25 pages of correspondence between Rabbi Arragel and Don Luís Guzmán as well as between the rabbi and various Franciscans involved in illustrating the translation and discussing matters related to the collaboration.<sup>[]</sup>		Inserted at the beginning of the original work are 25 pages of correspondence between Rabbi [[Moses Arragel\|Arragel]] and [[Don Luís Guzmán]] as well as between the rabbi and various Franciscans involved in illustrating the translation and discussing matters related to the collaboration.<sup>[4]</sup>

	==Images==		==Images==
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	==References==		==References==
	===Notes===		===Notes===
			* 1. Finn Business Services Pty. Ltd (1997–2006). ''[http://www.finns-books.com/alba.htm The Alba Bible: Rabbi Moses Arragel's Testament].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 2. Fathom Knowledge Network (2002). ''[http://www.fathom.com/feature/190205/index.html The Sephardim: Jews in Spain from Antiquity to Exile].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 3. Noticiasdot.com (2004). ''[http://64.233.179.104/translate_c?hl=en&langpair=es%7Cen&u=http://www2.noticiasdot.com/stilo/contenido/noticias/2004/0504/3105/noticias_stilo310504/noticias-stilo_310504-4.htm El fabuloso patrimonio de los Alba, Grandes de España pero de con Mayúsculas].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 4. University of Wisconsin (2001). ''[http://www.uwm.edu/Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg003.htm The Bible. The Classic Text: Traditions and Interpretations].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 5. Old Manuscripts & Incunabula (2006). ''[http://www.omifacsimiles.com/cats/facs.html Facsimile Editions London: The Alba Bible].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 6. ''A Blurred Encounter in Moses Arragel's Epistle on the Alba Bible.'' Wallace S. Lipton MLN, Vol. 84, No. 2, Hispanic Issue (Mar., 1969), p. 298. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-7910(196903)84%3A2%3C298%3AABEIMA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 Digital abstract at JSTOR]. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 7. Facsimile Editions Limited (2006). ''[http://www.facsimile-editions.com/en/ab/ The Alba Bible: HISTORY OF THE MANUSCRIPT].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 8. [http://www.facsimile-editions.com/en/ab/ Facsimile Editions Limited, London]
			* 9. SEFARAD: Asosiasion para la Konservasion i Promosion de la Kultura Djudeo-espanyola, en kolaborasion kon La Autoridad Nasionala del Ladino (2006). ''[http://www.aki-yerushalayim.co.il/ay/078/078_03_bibliadelalba.htm AKI YERUSHALAYIM #78 LA BIBLIA DE ALBA].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.
			* 10. JTS — The Jewish Theological Seminary (2003–2006). ''[http://www.jtsa.edu/Library/News_and_Publications/Between_the_Lines/BTL_111.xml Between the Lines: Vol. 11, No. 1, Facsimile of Famed Alba Bible Acquired].'' Retrieved October 19, 2006.

	===Other references===		===Other references===

Nick: /* Images */

2012-01-14T02:10:02Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:10, 14 January 2012
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	==Images==		==Images==
	<center>[Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg\|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]''].		<center>[[Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg\|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]'']].
	</center>		</center>

Nick: /* Images */

2012-01-14T02:09:52Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 14 January 2012
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	==Images==		==Images==
	<center>~~<gallery>~~		<center>[Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg\|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]''].
	[Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg\|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]''].		</center>
	~~</gallery>~~</center>

	==References==		==References==

Nick: /* Images */

2012-01-14T02:09:36Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 14 January 2012
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	==Images==		==Images==
	<center><gallery>		<center><gallery>
	Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg\|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]''.		[Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg\|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]''].
	</gallery></center>		</gallery></center>

Nick at 02:09, 14 January 2012

2012-01-14T02:09:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 14 January 2012
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	The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a 1430 translation of the [[Old Testament]] made directly from [[Hebrew]] into [[Mediaeval Castilian]], one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance language]].~~{{Citation needed\|date=February 2007}}~~ The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, [[rabbi]] of the [[Judaism\|Jewish]] community of [[Maqueda]] in the [[Spain\|Spanish]] province of [[Toledo (province)\|Toledo]], at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious [[Order of Calatrava]].<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>		The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a 1430 translation of the [[Old Testament]] made directly from [[Hebrew]] into [[Mediaeval Castilian]], one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance language]]. The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, [[rabbi]] of the [[Judaism\|Jewish]] community of [[Maqueda]] in the [[Spain\|Spanish]] province of [[Toledo (province)\|Toledo]], at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious [[Order of Calatrava]].<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>

	==History==		==History==

Nick: New page: The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a 1430 translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian, one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance ...

2012-01-14T02:09:03Z

New page: The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a 1430 translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian, one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance ...

New page

The '''''Alba Bible''''' is a 1430 translation of the [[Old Testament]] made directly from [[Hebrew]] into [[Mediaeval Castilian]], one of the earliest known translations into a [[Romance language]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, [[rabbi]] of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] community of [[Maqueda]] in the [[Spain|Spanish]] province of [[Toledo (province)|Toledo]], at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious [[Order of Calatrava]].[][][]

==History==
During the 15th century, many people within Spanish society held hostile views toward Jews. In the aftermath of a series of anti-Semitic riots centered in Madrid,[] Don Luis de Guzmán believed that he could help heal the rift and build a bridge of understanding between Christians and Jews by commissioning a Castilian translation of the Old Testament from the original [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], accompanied by commentary from Jewish scholars interpreting the text of their holy book.[]

On April 5, 1422, Don Luis de Guzmán initiated his project by sending a letter to rabbi Moses Arragel inviting him to compose ''"vna biblia en rromançe, glosada e ystoriada."'' It is not known what convinced rabbi Arragel to accept as he initially demurred in an extensive reply letter to Guzmán. Nevertheless, eight years later the bible was completed.[]

From 1492, the year in which the [[Alhambra Decree]] issued mandating the expulsion of all Jews from Spain, until 1622, when it resurfaced in the Palace of Liria owned by the [[House of Alba]], the whereabouts of the Alba Bible were unknown. In 1992, to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the expulsion, Mauricio Hatchwell Toledano, President of the Fundacion Amigos de Sefarad published 500 copies in an exact [[facsimile]] edition, one of which was given to [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]], the reigning [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]].[]

Today the original Alba Bible is preserved by the [[House of Alba]], and is on exhibition in the [[Liria Palace|Palace of Liria]], in [[Madrid]]. The original Bible has been valued at 2.5 million [[euro]]s.[] Copies of the 500 limited edition [[facsimile]] copies reproduced in 1992 sell for upwards of 44,000 US dollars.[]

==Composition==
The work comprises 513 pages and a rich collection of 334 miniatures that illustrate passages from the religious text. Although the text of the Alba Bible was the product of Rabbi Arragel, the elaborate artistic detail is wholly the product of [[Franciscan Order|Franciscans]] of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]].[]

The Alba Bible contains a series of comments on the writing of both Jewish and Christian theologians, including [[Abraham ibn Ezra]], [[Maimonides]], [[Nahmanides]], R. [[Joseph Kimhi]], R. [[Asher ben Jehiel]], [[Shlomo ben Aderet]], R. Ya'acob and [[Nissim of Gerona]].[] There is also commentary taken from rabbinic literary sources such as the [[Talmud]] and the [[Midrash]].[]

Inserted at the beginning of the original work are 25 pages of correspondence between Rabbi Arragel and Don Luís Guzmán as well as between the rabbi and various Franciscans involved in illustrating the translation and discussing matters related to the collaboration.[]

==Images==
<center><gallery>
Image:bibliadealba_banquetedebaltazar3.jpg|Detail from ''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]''.
</gallery></center>

==References==
===Notes===

===Other references===
<div class="references-small">
*[[:es:Biblia de Alba|Biblia de Alba]]. From the Spanish-language Wikipedia. Retrieved October 17–19, 2006, and containing the internal references:
**(Ladino) [http://www.aki-yerushalayim.co.il/ay/078/078_03_bibliadelalba.htm AKI YERUSHALAYIM].
**[http://www.noticiasdot.com/stilo/contenido/noticias/2004/0504/3105/noticias_stilo310504/noticias-stilo_310504-4.htm El fabuloso patrimonio de los Alba , Grandes de España pero de con Mayúsculas].
</div>

[[Category:15th-century biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:15th-century illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Illuminated biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:Jewish illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:Jewish Spanish history]]
[[Category:Judaism in Spain]]
[[Category:Judeo-Christian topics]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible]]