Afrikaans - Revision history

Beza 1598 at 08:18, 8 March 2016

2016-03-08T08:18:25Z

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	[[Category:Languages of Namibia]]		[[Category:Languages of Namibia]]
	[[Category:Languages of South Africa]]		[[Category:Languages of South Africa]]

			{{Donate}}

Nick: Protected "Afrikaans" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2011-01-21T01:47:40Z

Protected "Afrikaans" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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(No difference)

Nick: /* External links */

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External links

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	* [http://www.atkv.org.za/ Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging (ATKV)] - Afrikaans Language and Cultural Association		* [http://www.atkv.org.za/ Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging (ATKV)] - Afrikaans Language and Cultural Association
	* [http://nederlandsvirafrikaanses.weebly.com/ Nederlands vir (Afrikaanse) dommies] 'n Webblad vir Afrikaanssprekendes wat wil Nederlands leer		* [http://nederlandsvirafrikaanses.weebly.com/ Nederlands vir (Afrikaanse) dommies] 'n Webblad vir Afrikaanssprekendes wat wil Nederlands leer

	~~{{Germanic languages}}~~
	~~{{Languages of Namibia}}~~
	~~{{Languages of South Africa}}~~
	~~{{African Union languages}}~~

	[[Category:Dutch-based pidgins and creoles]]		[[Category:Dutch-based pidgins and creoles]]

Nick: /* Further reading */

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Nick: /* Standardisation */

2011-01-21T01:46:31Z

Standardisation

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	===Standardisation===		===Standardisation===
	The linguist Paul Roberge suggests that the earliest 'truly Afrikaans' texts are [[doggerel\|doggerel verse]] from 1795 and a dialogue transcribed by a Dutch traveller in 1825. Printed material among the Afrikaners at first used only standard European Dutch. By the mid-19th century, more and more were appearing in Afrikaans, which was very much still regarded as a set of regional dialects.		The linguist Paul Roberge suggests that the earliest 'truly Afrikaans' texts are [[doggerel\|doggerel verse]] from 1795 and a dialogue transcribed by a Dutch traveller in [[1825 AD\|1825]]. Printed material among the Afrikaners at first used only standard European Dutch. By the mid-19th century, more and more were appearing in Afrikaans, which was very much still regarded as a set of regional dialects.

	In 1861, L.H. Meurant published his ''~~{{lang\|af\|~~Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twyfelaar}}'' ("Conversation between Claus Truthsayer and John Doubter"), which is considered by some to be the first authoritative Afrikaans text. [[Abu Bakr Effendi]] also compiled his [[Arabic Afrikaans]] [[Islamic]] instruction book between 1862 and 1869, although this was only published and printed in 1877. The first Afrikaans grammars and dictionaries were published in 1875 by the ''~~{{lang\|af\|~~[[Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners]]}}'' ('Society for Real Afrikaners') in [[Cape Town]].		In 1861, L.H. Meurant published his ''Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twyfelaar'' ("Conversation between Claus Truthsayer and John Doubter"), which is considered by some to be the first authoritative Afrikaans text. [[Abu Bakr Effendi]] also compiled his [[Arabic Afrikaans]] [[Islamic]] instruction book between 1862 and 1869, although this was only published and printed in 1877. The first Afrikaans grammars and dictionaries were published in 1875 by the ''[[Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners]]'' ('Society for Real Afrikaners') in [[Cape Town]].

	The [[First Boer War\|First]] and [[Second Boer War\|Second]] Boer Wars further strengthened the position of Afrikaans. The [[official language]]s of the [[Union of South Africa]] were English and Dutch until Afrikaans was subsumed under Dutch on 5 May 1925.		The [[First Boer War\|First]] and [[Second Boer War\|Second]] Boer Wars further strengthened the position of Afrikaans. The [[official language]]s of the [[Union of South Africa]] were English and Dutch until Afrikaans was subsumed under Dutch on 5 May 1925.

Nick: /* The Afrikaans Bible */

2011-01-21T01:45:48Z

The Afrikaans Bible

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	C. P. Hoogehout, [[:af:Arnoldus Pannevis\|Arnoldus Pannevis]], and [[Stephanus Jacobus du Toit]] were the first [[Bible translations (Afrikaans)\|Afrikaans Bible]] translators. Important landmarks in the translation of the Scriptures were in 1878 with C. P. Hoogehout's translation of the ''Evangelie volgens Markus'' ([[Gospel of Mark]], lit. Gospel according to Mark), however this translation was never published. The manuscript is to be found in the South African National Library, Cape Town.		C. P. Hoogehout, [[:af:Arnoldus Pannevis\|Arnoldus Pannevis]], and [[Stephanus Jacobus du Toit]] were the first [[Bible translations (Afrikaans)\|Afrikaans Bible]] translators. Important landmarks in the translation of the Scriptures were in 1878 with C. P. Hoogehout's translation of the ''Evangelie volgens Markus'' ([[Gospel of Mark]], lit. Gospel according to Mark), however this translation was never published. The manuscript is to be found in the South African National Library, Cape Town.

	The first official Bible translation of the entire Bible into Afrikaans was in 1933 by [[Totius\|J. D. du Toit]], E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, and [[BB Keet]].<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup> This monumental work established Afrikaans as ''~~{{lang\|af\|~~'n suiwer en oordentlike taal}}'', that is "a pure and proper language" for religious purposes, especially amongst the deeply [[Calvinist]] Afrikaans religious community that had hitherto been somewhat sceptical of a [[Bible translation]] out of the original Dutch language to which they were accustomed.		The first official Bible translation of the entire Bible into Afrikaans was in 1933 by [[Totius\|J. D. du Toit]], E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, and [[BB Keet]].<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup> This monumental work established Afrikaans as '''n suiwer en oordentlike taal'', that is "a pure and proper language" for religious purposes, especially amongst the deeply [[Calvinist]] Afrikaans religious community that had hitherto been somewhat sceptical of a [[Bible translation]] out of the original Dutch language to which they were accustomed.

	In 1983 there was a fresh translation in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the original 1933 translation and provide much needed revision. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg and W. Kempen.		In 1983 there was a fresh translation in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the original 1933 translation and provide much needed revision. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg and W. Kempen.

Nick: /* The Afrikaans Bible */

2011-01-21T01:45:31Z

The Afrikaans Bible

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	===The Afrikaans Bible===		===The Afrikaans Bible===
	~~{{Main\|~~Bible translations (Afrikaans)}}
			''See Also [[Bible translations (Afrikaans)]]''

	A major landmark in the development of Afrikaans was the full translation of the [[Bible]] into the language. Prior to this most Cape Dutch-Afrikaans speakers had to rely on the Dutch [[Statenbijbel]]. The aforementioned [[Statenvertaling]] had its origins with the [[Synod of Dordrecht]] of 1618 and was thus in an [[Archaism\|archaic]] form of Dutch. This rendered understanding difficult at best to Dutch and Cape Dutch speakers, moreover increasingly unintelligible to Afrikaans speakers.		A major landmark in the development of Afrikaans was the full translation of the [[Bible]] into the language. Prior to this most Cape Dutch-Afrikaans speakers had to rely on the Dutch [[Statenbijbel]]. The aforementioned [[Statenvertaling]] had its origins with the [[Synod of Dordrecht]] of 1618 and was thus in an [[Archaism\|archaic]] form of Dutch. This rendered understanding difficult at best to Dutch and Cape Dutch speakers, moreover increasingly unintelligible to Afrikaans speakers.

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	In 1983 there was a fresh translation in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the original 1933 translation and provide much needed revision. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg and W. Kempen.		In 1983 there was a fresh translation in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the original 1933 translation and provide much needed revision. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg and W. Kempen.

	'''Afrikaans Version of the Lord's Prayer. ~~{{lang\|af\|~~Onse Vader}}.'''<sup>[]</sup>		'''Afrikaans Version of the Lord's Prayer. Onse Vader.'''<sup>[]</sup>
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	'''Onse Vader wat in die hemele is,'''		'''Onse Vader wat in die hemele is,'''

Nick: /* Sociolinguistics */

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Sociolinguistics

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	{{legend\|#3182bd\|60–80%}}		{{legend\|#3182bd\|60–80%}}
	{{legend\|#08519C\|80–100%}}}}]]		{{legend\|#08519C\|80–100%}}}}]]
	[[~~File~~:South Africa Afrikaans speakers density map.svg\|thumb\|Geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: density of Afrikaans home-language speakers.		[[image:South Africa Afrikaans speakers density map.svg\|thumb\|Geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: density of Afrikaans home-language speakers.
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	In 1976, high school students in [[Soweto]] began [[Soweto riots\|a rebellion]] in response to the government's decision that Afrikaans be used as the language of instruction for half the subjects taught in non-White schools (with English continuing for the other half). Although English is the mother tongue of only 8.2% of the population, it is the language most widely understood, and the second language of a majority of South Africans.<sup>[]</sup> Afrikaans is more widely spoken than English in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, several hundred kilometers from Soweto. The Black community's opposition to Afrikaans and preference for continuing English instruction was underscored when the government rescinded the policy one month after the uprising: 96% of Black schools chose English (over Afrikaans or native languages) as the language of instruction.<sup>[]</sup>		In 1976, high school students in [[Soweto]] began [[Soweto riots\|a rebellion]] in response to the government's decision that Afrikaans be used as the language of instruction for half the subjects taught in non-White schools (with English continuing for the other half). Although English is the mother tongue of only 8.2% of the population, it is the language most widely understood, and the second language of a majority of South Africans.<sup>[]</sup> Afrikaans is more widely spoken than English in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, several hundred kilometers from Soweto. The Black community's opposition to Afrikaans and preference for continuing English instruction was underscored when the government rescinded the policy one month after the uprising: 96% of Black schools chose English (over Afrikaans or native languages) as the language of instruction.<sup>[]</sup>

	Under South Africa's [[Constitution of South Africa\|Constitution]] of 1996, Afrikaans remains an official language, and has equal status to English and nine other languages. The new policy means that the use of Afrikaans is now, in effect, often reduced in favour of English, or to accommodate the other official languages. In 1996, for example, the [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] reduced the amount of [[television]] airtime in Afrikaans, while [[South African Airways]] dropped its Afrikaans name ''~~{{lang\|af\|~~Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens}}'' from its [[livery]]. Similarly, South Africa's [[diplomatic mission]]s overseas now only display the name of the country in English and their host country's language, and not in Afrikaans.		Under South Africa's [[Constitution of South Africa\|Constitution]] of 1996, Afrikaans remains an official language, and has equal status to English and nine other languages. The new policy means that the use of Afrikaans is now, in effect, often reduced in favour of English, or to accommodate the other official languages. In 1996, for example, the [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] reduced the amount of [[television]] airtime in Afrikaans, while [[South African Airways]] dropped its Afrikaans name ''Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens'' from its [[livery]]. Similarly, South Africa's [[diplomatic mission]]s overseas now only display the name of the country in English and their host country's language, and not in Afrikaans.

	In spite of these moves, the language has remained strong, and Afrikaans newspapers and magazines continue to have large circulation figures. Indeed, the Afrikaans-language general-interest family magazine ''[[Huisgenoot]]'' has the largest readership of any magazine in the country.~~{{Citation needed\|date=February 2009}}~~ In addition, a pay-TV channel in Afrikaans called [[KykNet]] was launched in 1999, and an Afrikaans music channel, [[MK (channel)\|MK]], in 2005. A large number of Afrikaans books are still published every year, mainly by the publishers Human & Rousseau, Tafelberg Uitgewers, Struik, and Protea Boekhuis.		In spite of these moves, the language has remained strong, and Afrikaans newspapers and magazines continue to have large circulation figures. Indeed, the Afrikaans-language general-interest family magazine ''[[Huisgenoot]]'' has the largest readership of any magazine in the country. In addition, a pay-TV channel in Afrikaans called [[KykNet]] was launched in 1999, and an Afrikaans music channel, [[MK (channel)\|MK]], in 2005. A large number of Afrikaans books are still published every year, mainly by the publishers Human & Rousseau, Tafelberg Uitgewers, Struik, and Protea Boekhuis.

	Afrikaans has two monuments erected in its honour. The first was erected in [[Burgersdorp]], South Africa, in 1893, and the second, better-known [[Afrikaans Language Monument]] (''~~{{lang\|af\|~~Afrikaanse Taalmonument}}'') was built in [[Paarl]], South Africa, in 1975.		Afrikaans has two monuments erected in its honour. The first was erected in [[Burgersdorp]], South Africa, in 1893, and the second, better-known [[Afrikaans Language Monument]] (''Afrikaanse Taalmonument'') was built in [[Paarl]], South Africa, in 1975.

	When the British design magazine ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)\|Wallpaper<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM-->]]'' described Afrikaans as "one of the world's ugliest languages" in its September 2005 article about the Monument, [[South Africa]]n [[billionaire]] [[Johann Rupert]] (chairman of the [[Richemont\|Richemont group]]), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as [[Cartier SA\|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)\|Montblanc]] and [[Alfred Dunhill]] from the magazine.<sup>[]</sup> The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies, was an [[English South African\|English-speaking South African]].		When the British design magazine ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)\|Wallpaper<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM-->]]'' described Afrikaans as "one of the world's ugliest languages" in its September 2005 article about the Monument, [[South Africa]]n [[billionaire]] [[Johann Rupert]] (chairman of the [[Richemont\|Richemont group]]), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as [[Cartier SA\|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)\|Montblanc]] and [[Alfred Dunhill]] from the magazine.<sup>[]</sup> The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies, was an [[English South African\|English-speaking South African]].

Nick: /* Sociolinguistics */

2011-01-21T01:43:30Z

Sociolinguistics

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	==Sociolinguistics==		==Sociolinguistics==
	[[~~File~~:South Africa Afrikaans speakers proportion map.svg\|thumb\|Geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: proportion of the population that speaks Afrikaans at home.		[[image:South Africa Afrikaans speakers proportion map.svg\|thumb\|Geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: proportion of the population that speaks Afrikaans at home.
	{{Columns		{{Columns
	\|col1=		\|col1=

Nick: /* Afrikaans phrases */

2011-01-21T01:43:02Z

Afrikaans phrases

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	==Afrikaans phrases==		==Afrikaans phrases==
	~~{{IPA notice}}~~
	Afrikaans is a very centralised language, meaning that most of the vowels are pronounced in a very centralised (i.e. very [[schwa]]-like) way. Although there are many different dialects and accents, the transcription should be fairly standard.		Afrikaans is a very centralised language, meaning that most of the vowels are pronounced in a very centralised (i.e. very [[schwa]]-like) way. Although there are many different dialects and accents, the transcription should be fairly standard.

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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	*{{Citation \|last=Roberge \|first=P. T. \|year=2002 \|chapter=Afrikaans – considering origins \|title=Language in South Africa \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom \|isbn=052153383X }}.

	==External links==		==External links==

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	{{legend\|#3182bd\|60–80%}}		{{legend\|#3182bd\|60–80%}}
	{{legend\|#08519C\|80–100%}}}}]]		{{legend\|#08519C\|80–100%}}}}]]
	[[~~File~~:South Africa Afrikaans speakers density map.svg\|thumb\|Geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: density of Afrikaans home-language speakers.		[[image:South Africa Afrikaans speakers density map.svg\|thumb\|Geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: density of Afrikaans home-language speakers.
	{{Columns		{{Columns
	\|col1=		\|col1=
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	In 1976, high school students in [[Soweto]] began [[Soweto riots\|a rebellion]] in response to the government's decision that Afrikaans be used as the language of instruction for half the subjects taught in non-White schools (with English continuing for the other half). Although English is the mother tongue of only 8.2% of the population, it is the language most widely understood, and the second language of a majority of South Africans.<sup>[]</sup> Afrikaans is more widely spoken than English in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, several hundred kilometers from Soweto. The Black community's opposition to Afrikaans and preference for continuing English instruction was underscored when the government rescinded the policy one month after the uprising: 96% of Black schools chose English (over Afrikaans or native languages) as the language of instruction.<sup>[]</sup>		In 1976, high school students in [[Soweto]] began [[Soweto riots\|a rebellion]] in response to the government's decision that Afrikaans be used as the language of instruction for half the subjects taught in non-White schools (with English continuing for the other half). Although English is the mother tongue of only 8.2% of the population, it is the language most widely understood, and the second language of a majority of South Africans.<sup>[]</sup> Afrikaans is more widely spoken than English in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, several hundred kilometers from Soweto. The Black community's opposition to Afrikaans and preference for continuing English instruction was underscored when the government rescinded the policy one month after the uprising: 96% of Black schools chose English (over Afrikaans or native languages) as the language of instruction.<sup>[]</sup>

	Under South Africa's [[Constitution of South Africa\|Constitution]] of 1996, Afrikaans remains an official language, and has equal status to English and nine other languages. The new policy means that the use of Afrikaans is now, in effect, often reduced in favour of English, or to accommodate the other official languages. In 1996, for example, the [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] reduced the amount of [[television]] airtime in Afrikaans, while [[South African Airways]] dropped its Afrikaans name ''~~{{lang\|af\|~~Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens}}'' from its [[livery]]. Similarly, South Africa's [[diplomatic mission]]s overseas now only display the name of the country in English and their host country's language, and not in Afrikaans.		Under South Africa's [[Constitution of South Africa\|Constitution]] of 1996, Afrikaans remains an official language, and has equal status to English and nine other languages. The new policy means that the use of Afrikaans is now, in effect, often reduced in favour of English, or to accommodate the other official languages. In 1996, for example, the [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] reduced the amount of [[television]] airtime in Afrikaans, while [[South African Airways]] dropped its Afrikaans name ''Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens'' from its [[livery]]. Similarly, South Africa's [[diplomatic mission]]s overseas now only display the name of the country in English and their host country's language, and not in Afrikaans.

	In spite of these moves, the language has remained strong, and Afrikaans newspapers and magazines continue to have large circulation figures. Indeed, the Afrikaans-language general-interest family magazine ''[[Huisgenoot]]'' has the largest readership of any magazine in the country.~~{{Citation needed\|date=February 2009}}~~ In addition, a pay-TV channel in Afrikaans called [[KykNet]] was launched in 1999, and an Afrikaans music channel, [[MK (channel)\|MK]], in 2005. A large number of Afrikaans books are still published every year, mainly by the publishers Human & Rousseau, Tafelberg Uitgewers, Struik, and Protea Boekhuis.		In spite of these moves, the language has remained strong, and Afrikaans newspapers and magazines continue to have large circulation figures. Indeed, the Afrikaans-language general-interest family magazine ''[[Huisgenoot]]'' has the largest readership of any magazine in the country. In addition, a pay-TV channel in Afrikaans called [[KykNet]] was launched in 1999, and an Afrikaans music channel, [[MK (channel)\|MK]], in 2005. A large number of Afrikaans books are still published every year, mainly by the publishers Human & Rousseau, Tafelberg Uitgewers, Struik, and Protea Boekhuis.

	Afrikaans has two monuments erected in its honour. The first was erected in [[Burgersdorp]], South Africa, in 1893, and the second, better-known [[Afrikaans Language Monument]] (''~~{{lang\|af\|~~Afrikaanse Taalmonument}}'') was built in [[Paarl]], South Africa, in 1975.		Afrikaans has two monuments erected in its honour. The first was erected in [[Burgersdorp]], South Africa, in 1893, and the second, better-known [[Afrikaans Language Monument]] (''Afrikaanse Taalmonument'') was built in [[Paarl]], South Africa, in 1975.

	When the British design magazine ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)\|Wallpaper<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM-->]]'' described Afrikaans as "one of the world's ugliest languages" in its September 2005 article about the Monument, [[South Africa]]n [[billionaire]] [[Johann Rupert]] (chairman of the [[Richemont\|Richemont group]]), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as [[Cartier SA\|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)\|Montblanc]] and [[Alfred Dunhill]] from the magazine.<sup>[]</sup> The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies, was an [[English South African\|English-speaking South African]].		When the British design magazine ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)\|Wallpaper<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM-->]]'' described Afrikaans as "one of the world's ugliest languages" in its September 2005 article about the Monument, [[South Africa]]n [[billionaire]] [[Johann Rupert]] (chairman of the [[Richemont\|Richemont group]]), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as [[Cartier SA\|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)\|Montblanc]] and [[Alfred Dunhill]] from the magazine.<sup>[]</sup> The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies, was an [[English South African\|English-speaking South African]].