Editing Ernest Cadman Colwell

'''Ernest Cadman Colwell''' (19 January 1901 – 24 September 1974) was an American [[Biblical studies|biblical scholar]], [[Textual criticism|textual critic]] and [[palaeographer]].

==Life==
After graduating from [[Emory University|Emory College]] and [[Candler School of Theology]], Colwell earned a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in the Department of New Testament and Early Christian Literature at the [[University of Chicago]] for his 1930 dissertation on "The Character of the Greek of the Fourth Gospel: Parallels to the 'Aramaisms' of the Fourth Gospel from Epictetus and the Papyri". He then joined the Chicago faculty (1930–1951) and served the university in many capacities, including as chief operating officer and then as president of the university (1945–1951) under [[Robert Maynard Hutchins|Chancellor Robert M. Hutchins]].

Returning to Emory, Colwell then served as vice president and dean of faculties from 1951 to 1957, founding at this time the Graduate Institute of the Liberal Arts. From 1957 to 1968, Colwell was president of the [[Claremont School of Theology]] ([[Claremont, California]]), establishing the school on a new campus after its separation from the [[University of Southern California]] in 1956. Colwell also chaired the Board of Trustees of Atlanta's [[Interdenominational Theological Center]]. In 1966, Colwell was director during the planning stages of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity in Claremont, and finally retired as chairman of the Institute's Research Council in 1971.<sup>[1]</sup> For many years, he was also director of one of the initial research projects at the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, namely, as (American) chairman the executive committee of the [[International Greek New Testament Project|International Greek New Testament Project (IGNTP)]]. Colwell was invited to deliver the 1946 Quillian lectures at [[Emory University|Emory]] (on "An Approach to the Teaching of Jesus") and the 1962 Cole lectures at [[Vanderbilt University]] (on "Jesus and the Gospel").

[[File:Cguschoolofreligion.JPG|right|thumb|300px|The Institute for Antiquity and Christianity (Claremont), founded under the directorship of Ernest Cadman Colwell]]

==Work==
Colwell recognized an extraordinary textual affinity between [[Minuscule 2427]] and [[Codex Vaticanus]]. According to him the codex 2427 preserved a "primitive text" of the Gospel of Mark ("Archaic Mark").<sup>[2]</sup> He found that from 73 singular readings of Codex Vaticanus, 46 are shared with codex 2427.<sup>[3]</sup> Colwell examined [[Minuscule 330]] and found that the text of the Pauline epistles of this codex is textually very close to the codices [[Minuscule 451|451]], [[Minuscule 2400|2400]] and [[Minuscule 2492|2492]].<sup>[4]</sup>

Upon examining corrections in [[Papyrus 66]], [[Codex Sinaiticus]], [[Codex Alexandrinus]] and [[Codex Washingtonianus]], Colwell found a textual relationship between them. In his analysis Colwell excluded singular readings.<sup>[5]</sup> In 1959 Colwell, together with M. M. Parvis, developed a new method of dealing with the multitude of witnesses available to those engaged in the textual criticism of the New Testament. This method usually is known as the [[Claremont Profile Method]]. This method was developed in part to provide a means of selecting Greek minuscule manuscripts for the [[International Greek New Testament Project|International Greek New Testament Project (IGNTP)]].<sup>[6]</sup>

=="Colwell's rule"==
Colwell discovered that "Definite predicate nouns which precede the verb usually lack the article ... a [[Subject complement|predicate nominative]] which precedes the verb cannot be translated as an indefinite or a 'qualitative' noun solely because of the absence of the article; if the context suggests that the predicate is definite, it should be translated as a definite noun ..."<sup>[7]</sup>

==Select Publications==
* with Donald W. Riddle, ''Prolegomena to the Study of the Lectionary Text of the Gospels'' (Chicago 1933)
* with Harold R. Willoughby, ''The Four Gospels of Karahissar'', 2 vols. (Chicago 1936) [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1196080 Review in ''The Journal of Religion'' 17 (1937) 200-202]
* ''What Is the Best New Testament?'' (Chicago 1952)
* ''The Study of the Bible'', revised edition (Chicago 1964)
* with Ernest W. Tune, ''A Beginner's Reader-Grammar for New Testament Greek'', (New York 1965) 
* ''Studies in Methodology in Textual Criticism of the New Testament'' (Leiden 1969)

==Festschriften==
* F. Thomas Trotter (ed.), ''Jesus and the Historian: Written in Honor of Ernest Cadman Colwell'' (Philadelphia 1968)

== References ==
* 1. James M. Robinson, "Foreword", Institute for Antiquity and Christianity: Bulletin 3 (1972) ii. See too "The Institute for Antiquity and Christianity", in New Testament Studies 16 (1969-1970) 178-195.
* 2. E. C. Colwell, "An Ancient Text of the Gospel of Mark", The Emory University Quarterly 1 (1945) 65-75; E. C. Colwell, "Some Unusual Abbreviations in ms. 2427", Studia evangelica, ed. K. Aland and F. L. Cross (TU 73; Berlin 1959), pp. 778-779.
* 3. M. M. Mitchell, P. A. Duncan, Chicago’s “Archaic Mark” (MS 2427): A Reintroduction to its Enigmas and a Fresh Collation of Its Readings, Novum Testamentum 48 (2006) 5.
* 4. E. C. Colwell, The Four Gospels of Karahissar I, History and Text (Chicago 1936), pp. 170-222.
* 5. D. C. Parker, An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and Their Texts, p. 163.
* 6. Wolfgang Haase, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (Berlin 1992), p. 154.
* 7. E. C. Colwell, A Definite Rule for the Use of the Article in the Greek New Testament, in Journal of Biblical Literature 52 (1933) 20.

== External links ==
* [http://www.emory.edu/home/about/anniversary/175-of-everything/makers-of-history-details/colwell.html Short biographical sketch of Ernest Cadman Colwell]

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[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:American biblical scholars]]
[[Category:New Testament scholars]]
[[Category:Palaeographers]]
[[Category:Emory University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago Divinity School alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:Presidents of the University of Chicago]]
[[Category:Emory University faculty]]