Editing Participle (section)

====Polish====
The Polish word for participle is ''imiesłów'' ([[plural|pl.]]: ''imiesłowy''). There are four types of imiesłowy in two classes:

'''Adjectival participle''' (imiesłów przymiotnikowy)
* active adjectival participle (imiesłów przymiotnikowy czynny): robiący - "doing", "one who does"
* passive adjectival participle (imiesłów przymiotnikowy bierny): robiony - "being done" (can only be formed off [[transitive verb]]s)

'''Adverbial participle''' (imiesłów przysłówkowy)
* present adverbial participle (imiesłów przysłówkowy współczesny): robiąc - "doing", "while doing"
* perfect adverbial participle (imiesłów przysłówkowy uprzedni): zrobiwszy - "having done" (formed in virtually all cases off verbs in their [[perfective aspect|perfective forms]], here denoted by the [[prefix]] ''z-'')

'''Dangling participle'''

Due to the distinction between adjectival and adverbial participles, in Polish it is practically impossible to make a dangling participle mistake in the classical English meaning of the term. For instance, in the sentence:

"I have found them hiding in the closet."

it is unclear, whether "I" or "them" is hiding in the closet. In Polish there is a clear distinction:

* "Znalazłem ich, chowając się w szafie." - ''chowając'' is a present adverbial participle regarding the subject ("I")
* "Znalazłem ich chowających się w szafie" - ''chowających'' is an active adjectival participle regarding the object ("them")

However, participles may cause confusion if used in sentences like this one:

* "Mając 8 lat, rodzice posłali mnie do szkoły" - "Being 8 years old my parents sent me to school"

which does not make it clear - in grammatical terms - whether "me" or "my parents" were 8 at the time of "me" being sent to school. The use of the present adverbial participle ''mając'' (corresponding to the participle ''being'' in the English translation) is considered incorrect, and thus a different structure should be used.